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簡介：中文中文3400字，字，1850英文單詞，英文單詞，10500英文字符英文字符出處出處FOOTESMANARCHITECTSPERSPECTIVEONCONTEMPORARYACADEMICLIBRARYDESIGNJBULLETINOFTHEMEDICALLIBRARYASSOCIATION,1995,833351356ANARCHITECT’SPERSPECTIVEONCONTEMPORARYACADEMICLIBRARYDESIGNSTEVENMFOOTETHEMAKINGOFSPACEANDPLACEARCHITECTUREREQUIRESCULTURALANDFINANCIALCONSENTASTOSOCIETALVALUESTANDARDSANDVALUESABOUTTHEACADEMICLIBRARYOFTHEIMMEDIATEFUTUREARENOTALWAYSSHAREDBYLIBRARIANSANDARCHITECTSHOWEVER,ARCHITECTSANDLIBRARIANSDOPOSSESSSEVERALSHAREDPERCEPTIONSAMONGTHESESHAREDPERCEPTIONSARETHATPRINTCOLLECTIONSWILLREMAINAPRIMARYFUNCTIONOFLIBRARIESFORTHEFORESEEABLEFUTURE,FLEXIBILITYINSHELVINGARRANGEMENTSAREESSENTIAL,ADJACENCIESMUSTBEFLUID,FLOORTOFLOORHEIGHTSSHOULDBEGENEROUS,COMPACTSHELVINGHASBECOMECOMMONPLACE,PRINTANDELECTRONICMEDIAMUSTCOEXIST,ANDTECHNOLOGYHASNOTREDUCEDLIBRARYSPACEREQUIREMENTSEXPERIENCEREINFORCESTHECONTINUINGANDINCREASINGSIGNIFICANCEOFTHELIBRARYONCOLLEGEANDUNIVERSITYCAMPUSESSYMBOLSANDICONOGRAPHYINTHELATETWENTIETHCENTURYPOSETREMENDOUSCHALLENGESFORARCHITECTSMANYOFOURBUILDINGTYPES,LIBRARIESAMONGTHEM,ARESHACKLEDBYOUTDATEDIMAGERYATTHESAMETIMETHATTHEYREMAINTHECENTERSOFINTELLECTUALPURPOSELIBRARYDESIGNERSSTRUGGLEINASEARCHFORTHESYMBOLICMEANINGOFTECHNOLOGYITISACHALLENGEINWHICHTHETRADITIONALVALUESOFWESTERNCULTUREAREMETBYTHEINDETERMINACYOFANDQUESTIONSABOUTTHEFORMALMEANINGOFTECHNOLOGYANDELECTRONICSASWESTRIVEFORGREATERDISCERNMENT,UNDERSTANDING,ANDADVANCEMENTOFTHEARCHITECTURALMEANINGOFLIBRARY,OURTASKHASHARDLYBEGUNWEMUSTTHENBEABLETOCONVINCEOURCLIENTSOFTHEWISDOMOFOURTHOUGHTPROCESSANDTOPARTWITHTHEIRCASHTOBUILDTHERESULTSTHEMAKINGOFSPACEANDPLACEARCHITECTUREREQUIRESCULTURALANDFINANCIALCONSENTASTOSOCIETALVALUEIFWECANNOTAGREEONSTANDARDS,HOWAREWETOJUDGEQUALITYINWHATWEBUILDATTIMES,EVENTHEMOSTERUDITEANDFARTHINKINGCLIENTSCANNOTOVERCOMETHEIRTRADITIONALIDEASOFAPPROPRIATELIBRARYDESIGNCLASSICALMONUMENTALITYHASBEENACCEPTEDFORLIBRARIESFORCENTURIESTHECOMPETITIONFORTHEMAINBRANCHOFTHECHICAGOPUBLICLIBRARY,INWHICHSOMEOFTHEMOSTPROMINENTMEMBERSOFOURPROFESSIONPARTICIPATED,WASACASEINPOINTINTHEEND,THATJURYRATHERPOIGNANTLYSELECTEDTHEWINNERMAINLYONTHEGROUNDSTHAT“ITLOOKEDLIKEALIBRARY”THESTANDARDSANDVALUESOFTHENINETEENTHCENTURYSTILLAPPLIED,BECAUSENOMOREMODERNIMAGERYHASCONVINCINGLYCAPTUREDOURCULTURALENDORSEMENTWEARENOTALONEHERE,BYTHEWAYWRITINGINTHENEWYORKTIMESONFEBRUARY12,1995,HERBERTMUSCHAMPOBSERVEDTHATMARIOBOTTA,THEARCHITECTOFTHESANFRANCISCOMUSEUMOFMODERNART,HADMISSEDACHANCETO“SAYSOMETHINGABOUTTHECHANGINGNATUREOFMODERNITY,”O(jiān)RTODISPLAY“THEPOWEROFARCHITECTURETORECKONWITHTHEDISCORDANCETHATLURKSBENEATHOURMASKSOFCOMPOSURE”1THESAMEISSUESCONFRONTTHEJURYOFLIBRARIANSANDARCHITECTSASTHEYATTEMPTTORECOGNIZETHEBESTDESIGNSINTHEBIANNUALAMERICANLIBRARYASSOCIATION/ARCHITECTURALINSTITUTEOFAMERICAAWARDSPROGRAMOURPROFESSIONS,MUTUALLYDEPENDENT,STILLBATTLEWITHFERVORANDPASSIONASWESEARCHTOREDEFINEQUALITYINOURWORKTHATSEARCHWILLNOTLEADREDHERRINGLYTOANIMAGERYINWHICHTIMEHONOREDPRINCIPLESOFPROPORTION,MASSING,DETAIL,LIGHT,ANDDESIGNINCONTEXTARESUBORDINATEDTOLITERALINTERPRETATIONSOFELECTRONICHIGHFASHION,ANYMORETHANPRINCIPLESOFAERODYNAMICSANDFUELEFFICIENCYINAUTOMOBILESHAVEBEENABANDONEDBECAUSEOFTHE150POUNDSPERSQUAREFOOTLIVELOADING,TOPERMITFULLHEIGHTSHELVINGANYWHERETHESTAFFMAYWISHTOPUTITOFFICESPACE,NORMALLYDESIGNEDATFIFTYPOUNDSLIVELOADING,ISFARTOOLIKELYTOBERECONFIGUREDINTHEEARLYLIFEOFTHENEWBUILDINGWEHAVEOBSERVEDTHATTHEPREMIUMFROM150POUNDS’TO300POUNDSLOADING,WHICHWILLPERMITCOMPACTSHELVINGANYWHERE,ISONLY10OFTHESTRUCTURALCOSTOFTHEPROJECTTHISTRANSLATESTOROUGHLY2OFTHEOVERALLCOSTOFCONSTRUCTIONADJACENCIESMUSTBEFLUIDINCREASINGLY,WEFINDREADERS,COLLECTIONS,ANDSTAFFBLENDEDTOGETHERONEVERY0OORRICHARDDEGENNARO’SDEFINITIONOFALIBRARIAN,THATOF“EVERYBODY’SASSISTANT,”SEEMSMOREAPTWITHEVERYPASSINGDAY2WENOWINCLUDEANUMBEROFOVERSIZEDWORKSTATIONS,FIFTYFOURINCHESINWIDTHONEVERY0OOR,ACCOMMODATINGBOTHASTUDENTANDAPROFESSIONALO6ERINGMOMENTARYASSISTANCEINTHENEWHEALTHSCIENCESANDINFORMATIONSERVICESBUILDINGATTHEUNIVERSITYOFMARYLANDATBALTIMORE,POSITIONSFORBOTHLIBRARIANSANDCOMPUTERSYSTEMSSTAFFWILLBEONEACHOFITSSIXFLOORSONTHEENTRYLEVELSOFBOTHPUBLICANDACADEMICLIBRARIES,SERVICEPOINTSCANBEFOUNDLOCATEDINARCHITECTURALARRANGEMENTSTHATBEARUNCANNYRESEMBLANCESTOCAFETERIASERVERYPLANSREFERENCEDESKSROTISSERIECHICKEN,INTERLIBRARYLOANHOTDRINKS,MEDIASERVICESSALADBARS,ANDOPACTERMINALSCONDIMENTSCANALLBEFOUNDONTHEWAYTOCIRCULATIONDESKSCASHIERSPERSONSUSINGSELFCHECKOUTKIOSKSAUTOMATICTELLERMACHINESCANBYPASSANYREQUIREMENTFORHUMANINTERACTIONTRAFFICANDNOISELEVELSAREHIGHANDARELIKELYTOREMAINSOTRADITIONALFUNCTIONSBLUR,ANDEVENSTAFFJOBDESCRIPTIONSCANCHANGEDURINGTHECOURSEOFTHEDESIGNPROCESSNEWSTAFFINGEFFICIENCIESAREDEVELOPEDINRESPONSETOINCREASINGRESPONSIBILITIESRARELYMATCHEDBYINCREASESINNUMBERSORFUNDINGFLOORTOFLOORHEIGHTSSHOULDBEGENEROUSMCKIMETALDETERMINEDINTHENINETEENTHCENTURYTHATSEVENFEETWASTHEMAXIMUMSHELFHEIGHTFORMOSTPERSONS’COMFORTABLEREACHANDFROMTHATDEVELOPEDANELEGANTSYSTEMOFBOORRELATIONSHIPS3USINGSEVENFEET,SIXINCHESASTHEBOORTOBOORHEIGHTSFORSELFSUPPORTINGCLOSEDSTACKS,THEARCHITECTSARRANGEDCORRIDORSANDMINOR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簡介：ANARCHITECTSPERSPECTIVEONCONTEMPORARYACADEMICLIBRARYDESIGNBYSTEVENMFOOTE,AIAPRESIDENTPERRYDEANROGERSHOWEVER,ARCHITECTSANDLIBRARIANSDOPOSSESSSEVERALSHAREDPERCEPTIONSAMONGTHESESHAREDPERCEPTIONSARETHATPRINTCOLLECTIONSWILLREMAINAPRIMARYFUNCTIONOFLIBRARIESFORTHEFORESEEABLEFUTURE,FLEXIBILITYINSHELVINGARRANGEMENTSAREESSENTIAL,ADJACENCIESMUSTBEFLUID,FLOORTOFLOORHEIGHTSSHOULDBEGENEROUS,COMPACTSHELVINGHASBECOMECOMMONPLACE,PRINTANDELECTRONICMEDIAMUSTCOEXIST,ANDTECHNOLOGYHASNOTREDUCEDLIBRARYSPACEREQUIREMENTSEXPERIENCEREINFORCESTHECONTINUINGANDINCREASINGSIGNIFICANCEOFTHELIBRARYONCOLLEGEANDUNIVERSITYCAMPUSESSYMBOLSANDICONOGRAPHYINTHELATETWENTIETHCENTURYPOSETREMENDOUSCHALLENGESFORARCHITECTSMANYOFOURBUILDINGTYPES,LIBRARIESAMONGTHEM,ARESHACKLEDBYOUTDATEDIMAGERYATTHESAMETIMETHATTHEYREMAINTHECENTERSOFINTELLECTUALPURPOSELIBRARYDESIGNERSSTRUGGLEINASEARCHFORTHESYMBOLICMEANINGOFTECHNOLOGYITISACHALLENGEINWHICHTHETRADITIONALVALUESOFWESTERNCULTUREAREMETBYTHEINDETERMINACYOFANDQUESTIONSABOUTTHEFORMALMEANINGOFTECHNOLOGYANDELECTRONICSASWESTRIVEFORGREATERDISCERNMENT,UNDERSTANDING,ANDADVANCEMENTOFTHEARCHITECTURALMEANINGOFLIBRARY,OURTASKHASHARDLYBEGUNWEMUSTTHENBEABLETOCONVINCEOURCLIENTSOFTHEWISDOMOFOURTHOUGHTPROCESSANDTOPARTWITHTHEIRCASHTOBUILDTHERESULTSTHEMAKINGOFSPACEANDPLACEARCHITECTUREREQUIRESCULTURALANDFINANCIALCONSENTASTOSOCIETALVALUEIFWECANNOTAGREEONSTANDARDS,HOWAREWETOJUDGEQUALITYINWHATWEBUILDATTIMES,EVENTHEMOSTERUDITEANDFARTHINKINGCLIENTSCANNOTOVERCOMETHEIRTRADITIONALIDEASOFAPPROPRIATELIBRARYDESIGNCLASSICALMONUMENTALITYHASBEENACCEPTEDFORLIBRARIESFORCENTURIESTHECOMPETITIONFORTHEMAINBRANCHOFTHECHICAGOPUBLICLIBRARY,INWHICHSOMEOFTHEMOSTPROMINENTMEMBERSOFOURPROFESSIONPARTICIPATED,WASACASEINPOINTINTHEEND,THATJURYRATHERPOIGNANTLYSELECTEDTHEWINNERMAINLYONTHEGROUNDSTHAT“ITLOOKEDLIKEALIBRARY“THESTANDARDSANDVALUESOFTHENINETEENTHCENTURYSTILLAPPLIED,BECAUSENOMOREMODERNIMAGERYHASCONVINCINGLYCAPTUREDOURCULTURALENDORSEMENTWEARENOTALONEHERE,BYTHEWAYWRITINGINTHENEWYORKTIMESONFEBRUARY12,1995,HERBERTMUSCHAMPOBSERVEDTHATMARIOBOTTA,THEARCHITECTOFTHESANFRANCISCOMUSEUMOFMODERNART,HADMISSEDACHANCETO“SAYSOMETHINGABOUTTHECHANGINGNATUREOFMODERNITY,“ORTODISPLAY“THEPOWEROFARCHITECTURETORECKONWITHTHEDISCORDANCETHATLURKSBENEATHOURMASKSOFCOMPOSURE“1THESAMEISSUESCONFRONTTHEJURYOFLIBRARIANSANDARCHITECTSASTHEYATTEMPTTORECOGNIZETHEBESTDESIGNSINTHEBIANNUALAMERICANLIBRARYASSOCIATION/ARCHITECTURALINSTITUTEOFAMERICAAWARDSPROGRAMOURPROFESSIONS,MUTUALLYDEPENDENT,STILLBATTLEWITHFERVORANDPASSIONASWESEARCHTOREDEFINEQUALITYINOURWORKTHATSEARCHWILLNOTLEADREDHERRINGLYTOANIMAGERYINWHICHTIMEHONOREDPRINCIPLESOFPROPORTION,MASSING,DETAIL,LIGHT,ANDDESIGNINCONTEXTARESUBORDINATEDTOLITERALINTERPRETATIONSOFELECTRONICHIGHFASHION,ANYMORETHANPRINCIPLESOFAERODYNAMICSANDFUELEFFICIENCYINAUTOMOBILESHAVEBEENABANDONEDBECAUSEOFTHEINSTALLATIONOFCELLULARPHONESARCHITECTURE,FORTUNATELY,REMAINSWITHUSTECHNOLOGYANDELECTRONICSAREMERELYTOOLSFOROURUSEOFFARGREATERINTERESTISHOWTHEYHAVECHANGEDTHEWAYSWEUSEOURLIBRARIESINTHATCONTEXT,IOFFERSEVERALPERCEPTIONSABOUTTHEACADEMICLIBRARYOFTHEIMMEDIATEFUTUREABOUTWHICHLIBRARIANSANDARCHITECTSGENERALLYAGREEAMONGTHEMARETHESECOLLECTIONSINPRINTWILLCONTINUETODOMINATEOURLIBRARIESTHEHOUSINGOFPRINTCOLLECTIONSANDREADERSREMAINSTHEPRIMARYFUNCTIONOFLIBRARIESTODAYANDBULLMEDLIBRASSOC833JULY1995351ANARCHITECTSPERSPECTIVEFIGURE2OLINMEMORIALLIBRARY,WESLEYANUNIVERSITY,MIDDLETOWN,CONNECTICUT1ORIGINALMAINLOBBY,NOWRESTORED2STACKS4ATTICREADINGROOM3NEWINDEXANDREFERENCEROOMBUILDINGSECTION5NEWREADINGGALLERYWHERETHESTAFFMAYWISHTOPUTITOFFICESPACE,NORMALLYDESIGNEDATFIFTYPOUNDSLIVELOADING,ISFARTOOLIKELYTOBERECONFIGUREDINTHEEARLYLIFEOFTHENEWBUILDINGWEHAVEOBSERVEDTHATTHEPREMIUMFROM150POUNDSTO300POUNDSLOADING,WHICHWILLPERMITCOMPACTSHELVINGANYWHERE,ISONLY10OFTHESTRUCTURALCOSTOFTHEPROJECTTHISTRANSLATESTOROUGHLY2OFTHEOVERALLCOSTOFCONSTRUCTIONADJACENCIESMUSTBEFLUIDINCREASINGLY,WEFINDREADERS,COLLECTIONS,ANDSTAFFBLENDEDTOGETHERONEVERYFLOORRICHARDDEGENNAROSDEFINITIONOFALIBRARIAN,THATOF“EVERYBODYSASSISTANT,“SEEMSMOREAPTWITHEVERYPASSINGDAY2WENOWINCLUDEANUMBEROFOVERSIZEDWORKSTATIONS,FIFTYFOURINCHESINWIDTHONEVERYFLOOR,ACCOMMODATINGBOTHASTUDENTANDAPROFESSIONALOFFERINGMOMENTARYASSISTANCEINTHENEWHEALTHSCIENCESANDINFORMATIONSERVICESBUILDINGATTHEUNIVERSITYOFMARYLANDATBALTIMORE,POSITIONSFORBOTHLIBRARIANSANDCOMPUTERSYSTEMSSTAFFWILLBEONEACHOFITSSIXFLOORSONTHEENTRYLEVELSOFBOTHPUBLICANDACADEMICLIBRARIES,SERVICEPOINTSCANBEFOUNDLOCATEDINARCHITECTURALARRANGEMENTSTHATBEARUNCANNYRESEMBLANCESTOCAFETERIASERVERYPLANSREFERENCEDESKSROTISSERIECHICKEN,INTERLIBRARYLOANHOTDRINKS,MEDIASERVICESSALADBARS,ANDOPACTERMINALSCONDIMENTSCANALLBEFOUNDONTHEWAYTOCIRCULATIONDESKSCASHIERSPERSONSUSINGSELFCHECKOUTKIOSKSAUTOMATICTELLERMACHINESCANBYPASSANYREQUIREMENTFORHUMANINTERACTIONTRAFFICANDNOISELEVELSAREHIGHANDARELIKELYTOREMAINSOTRADITIONALFUNCTIONSBLUR,ANDEVENSTAFFJOBDESCRIPTIONSCANCHANGEDURINGTHECOURSEOFTHEDESIGNPROCESSNEWSTAFFINGEFFICIENCIESAREDEVELOPEDINRESPONSETOINCREASINGRESPONSIBILITIESRARELYMATCHEDBYINCREASESINNUMBERSORFUNDINGFLOORTOFLOORHEIGHTSSHOULDBEGENEROUSMCKIMETALDETERMINEDINTHENINETEENTHCENTURYTHATSEVENFEETWASTHEMAXIMUMSHELFHEIGHTFORMOSTPERSONSCOMFORTABLEREACHANDFROMTHATDEVELOPEDANELEGANTSYSTEMOFFLOORRELATIONSHIPS3USINGSEVENFEET,SIXINCHESASTHEFLOORTOFLOORHEIGHTSFORSELFSUPPORTINGCLOSEDSTACKS,THEARCHITECTSARRANGEDCORRIDORSANDMINORGALLERIESOFFIFTEENFEETATEVERYOTHERSTACKLEVELMAJORREADINGROOMSOFTHIRTYFEETWERETHENPLACEDADJACENTTOFOURSTACKLEVELSORTWOGALLERYLEVELSTODAYSMECHANICALSYSTEMSANDBUILDINGCODESRESTRICTIONSNOLONGERPERMITTHEVOLUMETRICDENSITYOFSUCHASYSTEMFIGURE2FLOORTOFLOORHEIGHTSOFFOURTEENTOFIFTEENFEETAREBULLMEDLIBRASSOC833JULY1995353

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