簡介：字數(shù)英文字數(shù)英文28832883單詞，單詞，1606316063字符；中文字符；中文52595259漢字漢字出處出處PUSPITASARIPUSPITASARIL,L,ISHIIISHIIKKDIGITALDIGITALDIVIDESDIVIDESANDANDMOBILEMOBILEINTERNETINTERNETINININDONESIAINDONESIAIMPACTIMPACTOFOFSMARTPHONESJSMARTPHONESJTELEMATICSTELEMATICSANDANDINFORMATICS,INFORMATICS,2016,2016,332472483332472483外文文獻外文文獻DIGITALDIVIDESANDMOBILEINTERNETININDONESIAIMPACTOFSMARTPHONESABSTRACTMOBILELEAPFROGGINGREFERSTOTHEPROCESSBYWHICHNEWINTERNETUSERSACCESSTHEINTERNETUSINGMOBILEPHONESANDNOTPCSTHISSTUDYEXAMINESHOWANDWHETHERMOBILEPHONESNARROWTHEDIGITALDIVIDEAMONGINDONESIANPEOPLEATFOURLEVELSDEVICEOWNERSHIP,INTERNETADOPTION,USE,ANDINFORMATIONACQUISITIONASELFADMINISTEREDQUESTIONNAIRESURVEYWASCONDUCTEDINTHREELARGECITIESININDONESIAN605THERESULTSINDICATEDTHAT,ATDIFFERENTLEVELS,YOUNGERANDMOREEDUCATEDPEOPLEUTILIZEMOBILEINTERNET,ESPECIALLYVIASMARTPHONESINCONTRAST,FEATUREPHONESAREOWNEDBYLESSEDUCATEDANDOLDERPEOPLEREGARDLESSOFINCOMELEVEL,BUTINTERNETUSAGEONSUCHPHONESISMOREPREVALENTAMONGYOUNGERANDMOREEDUCATEDPEOPLEMOREOVER,THEADOPTIONOFTHEPCBASEDINTERNETPROMOTESTHEOWNERSHIPOFSMARTPHONESTHESERESULTSINDICATETHATMOBILELEAPFROGGINGISTHECASEONLYWITHTHEOWNERSHIPOFFEATUREPHONESFURTHERMORE,INCOMPARISONWITHFEATUREPHONES,SMARTPHONESANDPERSONALCOMPUTERSAREMOREASSOCIATEDWITHINFORMATIONHANDLINGCAPACITYINDAILYLIFETHESEFINDINGSSUGGESTTHATICTLITERACYEDUCATIONISIMPORTANT,ANDONESHOULDNOTBEOPTIMISTICABOUTTHEMOBILEINTERNET’SPROSPECTSFORNARROWINGTHEDIGITALDIVIDEINDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESKEYWORDSMOBILEINTERNETLEAPFROGGINGDIGITALDIVIDEFEATUREPHONESMARTPHONEINDONESIAFAMILIESANDMINORITYTEENSWEREPROVENTOBESIGNIFICANTLYMORELIKELYTOUSETHEIRPHONESTOGOONLINE,PAYINGMOREFORTHEINTERNETACCESSTHISPARADOXCANBEEXPLAINEDBYTHEFACTTHATTHEYARELESSLIKELYTOHAVEAWIREDCOMPUTERATHOMEBROWNETAL,2011MOBILELEAPFROGGINGSUGGESTSTHAT,ATTHEINDIVIDUALLEVEL,THEMOBILEINTERNETCANBEUSEDBYTHEINFORMATIONPOOR,NAMELYOLDER,LESSEDUCATED,ANDLESSAFFLUENTPEOPLEGIVENTHATMOBILEPHONESAREMOREFAMILIARTOCOMMONPEOPLEANDLESSEXPENSIVETHANPCS,ITISEXPECTEDTHATTHEDIGITALGAPWILLBEREDUCEDWITHMOBILEINTERNETUSEFOREXAMPLE,SRINUANETAL2012FOUNDTHATPRICEANDINCOMELEVELSDONOTAFFECTTHEPROPENSITYTOACCESSTHEINTERNETVIAMOBILEPHONESINTHAILANDSIMILARLY,BOHLINANDROHMAN2011EXAMINEDFACTORSAFFECTINGMOBILEBROADBANDANDFOUNDTHATINCOMEINFLUENCESMOBILEBROADBANDACCESSLESSSIGNIFICANTLYTHANGEOGRAPHICALAREATHEYCONCLUDEDTHATAFFORDABILITYISNOTANISSUEREGARDINGFURTHERBROADBANDDEVELOPMENTININDONESIA22MULTIPLEDIGITALDIVIDESADIGITALDIVIDEISDEFINEDASTHEDIFFERENCESBETWEENINDIVIDUALS,HOUSEHOLDS,COMPANIES,ORREGIONSREGARDINGTHEIRACCESSTOANDUSAGEOFICTCHENANDWELLMAN,2004VEHOVARETAL,2006THEDIGITALDIVIDEISAPOLITICALLYIMPORTANTCONCEPTBECAUSEITISREGARDEDASANEWFORMOFSOCIALINEQUALITYZILLIENANDHARGITTAI,2009ALTHOUGHTHEDIGITALDIVIDEININTERNETUSEHASBEENNARROWINGAMONGDEVELOPEDCOUNTRIESISHII,2008LOPEZETAL,2013VANDIJKANDHACKER,2003ANDTHEGAPBETWEENDEVELOPEDANDDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESHASALSOSHRUNKENJAMES,2009,DIFFERENCESAMONGINDIVIDUALSINACQUISITIONOFSKILLSANDUSAGEARELIKELYTOPERSISTVANDEURSENANDVANDIJK,2010VANDIJKANDHACKER,2003BEFORETHEADVENTOFDIGITALMEDIA,THEKNOWLEDGEGAPHYPOTHESISWASWIDELYSTUDIED,FOCUSINGONTHEEFFECTSOFTVANDNEWSPAPERSONKNOWLEDGELEVELSTHESESTUDIESREVEALEDTHATTHEGROWTHOFKNOWLEDGEWASRELATIVELYGREATERAMONGTHEHIGHLYEDUCATEDPEOPLETICHENORETAL,1970INCONTRASTTOTHEGAPSTUDIEDINTHE

簡介：字數(shù)英文字數(shù)英文37653765單詞，單詞，2011420114字符；中文字符；中文64996499漢字漢字出處出處HANHANMC,C,KIMKIMYCANYCANSOCIALSOCIALNETWORKINGNETWORKINGSITESSITESBEBEECOMMERCEECOMMERCEPLATFORMSJPANPACIFICPLATFORMSJPANPACIFICJOURNALJOURNALOFOFBUSINESSBUSINESSRESEARCH,2016,71RESEARCH,2016,7124392439外文文獻外文文獻CANSOCIALNETWORKINGSITESBEECOMMERCEPLATFORMSABSTRACTSOCIALMEDIAISNOTJUSTANONLINECOMMUNITYWHEREPEOPLEMEET,COMMUNICATE,ANDSHAREINFORMATIONVIRTUALLYTHENUMBEROFBUSINESSESUSINGSOCIALMEDIATOPROMOTEPRODUCTS,ANDTHENUMBEROFSOCIALMEDIASEEKINGWAYSTOINCREASEREVENUES,HAVEBOTHGROWNRAPIDLYINRECENTYEARSCONSEQUENTLY,THEREHASBEENINCREASEDINTERESTINSOCIALMEDIACOMMERCE–SYSTEMSWHEREBYSOCIALMEDIAUSERSCOULDPURCHASEPRODUCTSBYCLICKINGTHE“BUY”BUTTONONFACEBOOKWITHOUTLEAVINGTHESITE,JUSTASTHEYCANNOWONAMAZONCOMOREBAYTHISSTUDYEXAMINESWHETHERSOCIALMEDIACANGROWASANECOMMERCEPLATFORMBYANSWERINGTHEFOLLOWINGQUESTIONS1HOWLIKELYARESOCIALMEDIAUSERSTOPURCHASEPRODUCTSONSOCIALMEDIA2WHATTYPESOFPRODUCTSORSOCIALFACTORSONTHESOCIALMEDIAWOULDSUCCESSFULLYFACILITATESOCIALMEDIACOMMERCETHERESULTINDICATESTHATPRESENCEOFAFRIEND’SPURCHASEHISTORYWITHAPRODUCTDIDNOTGENERATEAHIGHERLEVELOFPURCHASEINTENTION,NORSOCIALMEDIAACCEPTANCEALSO,THISSTUDYFOUNDTHATDIGITALPRODUCTSINDUCEDHIGHERLEVELSOFBOTHPURCHASEINTENTIONANDSOCIALMEDIAACCEPTANCETHANNONDIGITALPRODUCTSFINDINGSAREDISCUSSED,ALONGWITHMANAGERIALIMPLICATIONSANDLIMITATIONSINTHESTUDYKEYWORDSOCIALMEDIACOMMERCE,SOCIALMEDIACOMMERCEACCEPTANCE,PURCHASEINTENTION,PRODUCTTYPE1INTRODUCTIONFORINSTANCE,POLKADOTALLEY,THEWOMEN’SAPPARELCOMPANYBASEDINTEXAS,HASSOLDINDIVIDUALCLOTHINGITEMSONTHECOMPANY’SFACEBOOKPAGETHECOMPANYPOSTSALLITEMSWITHPRICEANDPRODUCTINFORMATIONINDIVIDUALLYONTHEPAGETHEN,CUSTOMERSREPLYUNDERTHEPOSTTOORDERTHEITEMSPOLKADOTALLEYHASINCREASEDITSSALESFROMUS400,000TOUS15MILLIONINAYEAR,THANKSTOFACEBOOKECOMMERCEEMERSON,2013WEFOUNDQUITEANUMBEROFSTUDIESINTHISAREAOFSOCIALMEDIATHATHAVEFOCUSEDONTHEEFFECTOFSOCIALMEDIAONCOMPANYOUTCOMES,SUCHASEBOOKSALES,HOTELBOOKINGSANDMOVIEBOXOFFICETICKETSALESAMBLEEDUAN,GUYE,LAW,GUCHEN,2011HOWEVER,STUDIESTHATHAVEINVESTIGATEDCONSUMERS’ACTUALINTENTIONSTOUSESOCIALMEDIAASANECOMMERCEPLATFORMARESCARCECONSIDERINGTHATCREATINGFAVORABLEUSERREACTIONSISACRITICALFACTORFORSUCCESSWITHNEWTECHNOLOGIESVENKATESH,1999,WETHINKITISIMPORTANTTOUNDERSTANDTHEPOTENTIALUSEOFSOCIALMEDIAASANECOMMERCEPLATFORMFROMTHEUSERS’PERSPECTIVETHUS,THISSTUDYATTEMPTSTOINVESTIGATEWHETHERSOCIALMEDIACANGROWASANECOMMERCEPLATFORMBYANSWERINGTHEFOLLOWINGQUESTIONS1HOWLIKELYARESOCIALMEDIAUSERSTOPURCHASEPRODUCTSONSOCIALMEDIA2WHATTYPESOFPRODUCTSORSOCIALFACTORSINSOCIALMEDIAWOULDFACILITATETHESOCIALMEDIACOMMERCETHEFIRSTSECTIONOFTHISPAPERDISCUSSESTHEDEFINITIONOFSOCIALMEDIACOMMERCE,WHICHISAKEYTERMOFTHISSTUDY,ANDREVIEWSTHERELEVANTLITERATUREONSOCIALMEDIAINITIATEDECOMMERCETHEFOLLOWINGSECTIONPROPOSESHYPOTHESESANDRESEARCHMETHODOLOGIESTHENEXTSECTIONDISCUSSESTHERESEARCHFINDINGSTHEFINALSECTIONDISCUSSESTHISSTUDY’SCONTRIBUTIONS,LIMITATIONSANDFUTURERESEARCH,ANDPRACTICALIMPLICATIONS2LITERATUREREVIEW21SOCIALCOMMERCEANDSOCIALMEDIACOMMERCE

簡介：字數(shù)英文字數(shù)英文38693869單詞，單詞，2191321913字符；中文字符；中文71097109漢字漢字出處出處ZHANGZHANGG,G,DEDESETASETAGGBEINGBEING“REDRED”O(jiān)NONTHETHEINTERNETINTERNETTHETHECRAFTCRAFTOFOFPOPULARITYPOPULARITYONONCHINESECHINESESOCIALSOCIALMEDIAMEDIAPLATFORMSMPLATFORMSMMICROCELEBRITYMICROCELEBRITYAROUNDAROUNDTHETHEGLOBEGLOBEEMERALDEMERALDPUBLISHINGPUBLISHINGLIMITED,LIMITED,2018201857675767外文文獻外文文獻BEING“RED”O(jiān)NTHEINTERNETTHECRAFTOFPOPULARITYONCHINESESOCIALMEDIAPLATFORMSABSTRACTWHILEINCOMMONENGLISHLANGUAGEPARLANCESPEAKINGOF“ONLINECELEBRITIES”ENCOURAGESTHECONFLATIONOFNEWFORMSOFFAMOUSNESSWITHEXISTINGDISCOURSESONMASSMEDIASTARDOMANDFANDOM,THEMANDARINCHINESETERMWANGHONG,ASHORTHANDTERMFORWANGLUOHONGRENLITERALLY“PERSONPOPULARONTHEINTERNET”,FRAMESTHEENTICINGSHORESOFONLINECELEBRITYTHROUGHTHEPECULIARLEXICALDOMAINOFAGRASSROOTSPOPULARITYTHEFIGUREOFTHEWANGHONGHASINRECENTYEARSACCOMPANIEDTHEDEVELOPMENTOFSOCIALMEDIAPLATFORMSINCHINA,BECOMINGAPROFITABLEPROFESSION,ANINSPIRATIONALROLEMODEL,AMORALLYCONDEMNABLEBYPRODUCTOFINTERNETECONOMIES,ANDINGENERALAWIDELYDEBATEDSOCIALPHENOMENONAMONGLOCALUSERSDRAWINGONINTERVIEWSWITHMOREANDLESSSUCCESSFULLOCALONLINECELEBRITIESANDDISCUSSIONSWITHTHEIRAUDIENCES,THISCHAPTEROFFERSANUPTODATEPORTRAYALOFTHEVARIOUSFORMSOFWANGHONGCURRENTLYVYINGFORATTENTIONONCHINESESOCIALMEDIAPLATFORMS,ILLUSTRATINGHOWPOPULARITYISCRAFTEDALONGWITHNARRATIVESOFPROFESSIONALISMANDECONOMICASPIRATIONSINTIMATELYCONNECTEDTOTHESOCIOTECHNICALCONTEXTSOFCONTEMPORARYCHINAKEYWORDSCHINAMICROCELEBRITYLIVESTREAMINGSOCIALMEDIAWANGHONGDESPITETHEHIGHFAILURERATESOFINCUBATEDCELEBRITIES,MOSTDISCUSSIONSOFWANGHONGCENTERONARATHERLIMITEDSAMPLEOFSUCCESSFULONLINEINFLUENCERSANDMASSIVELYPOPULARSOCIALMEDIAPERSONALITIESASEVIDENCEDBYBAIDUSEARCHTERMANALYTICS,THISSOCIOLINGUISTICUSAGEISKEYEDTOASPECIFICMOMENTINTIMEWHENTHEABBREVIATIONWANGHONG,AFTERITSAPPEARANCEIN2012,OVERTOOKITSEXTENDEDFORMWANGLUOHONGREN,WHICHWASGRADUALLYDECLININGINCURRENCYINTHEBACKGROUND,THEWORDMINGXINGSTARREMAINSCONSISTENTLYUSEDTOREFERTOSHOWBIZCELEBRITIESACROSSTV,CINEMA,ANDPOPMUSIC,BUTISSURPASSEDINPOPULARITYBYWANGHONGBETWEEN2015AND2016THEVARIOUSWAYSOFREFERRINGTOBEINGKNOWNBYMANYOTHERPEOPLEINCHINESEDONOTNECESSARILYMAPTOTHEENGLISHLANGUAGEDISTINCTIONBETWEENCONCEPTSLIKENOTORIETY,POPULARITY,CELEBRITY,FAMOUSNESS,ORSTARDOM,ANDTHESUBTLETIESINTRODUCEDBYNEWMEDIAPRACTICESVIDEOMAKING,MICROBLOGGING,LIVESTREAMINGDEMANDACLOSEREXAMINATIONINORDERTOUNDERSTANDTHEROLEOFWANGHONGINCONTEMPORARYCHINESESOCIETYMODELEDONTERMSSUCHASMINGRENLITERALLY“FAMOUSPERSON”ANDMINGLIULITERALLY“FAMOUSFLOW,”CELEBRITY,THEWORDMINGXING“STAR”ENTEREDPOPULARUSAGEFROMADIRECTTRANSLATIONOFTHEENGLISH“MOVIESTAR”ASDIANYINGMINGXINGINTHEEARLY1920SZHENG,2013ITISNOTBYCHANCETHATONEOFTHETHREELARGESTCHINESEMOVIEPRODUCTIONCOMPANIESOFTHE1920SAND1930SWASCALLEDMINGXINGFILMCOMPANY,TYINGTHENOTIONOFSTARDOMTOTHEEMERGINGENTERTAINMENTINDUSTRYOFTHETIMECONVERSELY,HONGRENPOPULARPERSONBELONGSTOAREPERTOIREOFCOMPOUNDWORDSRELATEDTOTHECOLORHONGRED,WHICHINCHINAISTRADITIONALLYASSOCIATEDWITHNOTIONSOFWEALTH,SUCCESS,ANDPOPULARITYCHAU,2008WANGHONGISJUSTONEOFTHELATESTITERATIONSOFHONGNESS,ALONGWITHOTHERCONTEMPORARYLOCUTIONSASZOUHONGTOBECOMEPOPULAR,BAOHONGTO“EXPLODE”INPOPULARITYANDHONGHUOFLOURISHING,BOOMINGHUANGLIU,2016INCHINA,WHEREPUBLICPERSONAESUCHASARTISTS,WRITERS,INTELLECTUALS,ATHLETES,ANDPERFORMERSAREREQUIREDTONEGOTIATETHEIRPUBLICIDENTITIESUNDERTHECAPRICIOUSINTERPLAYOFECONOMICDEVELOPMENTANDOFFICIALCENSORSHIPBARME′,1999,PPXVII–XVIII,ALLTHESETERMSHINTTOALAYEREDHISTORYOF

簡介：字數(shù)英文字數(shù)英文28832883單詞，單詞，1606316063字符；中文字符；中文52595259漢字漢字出處出處PUSPITASARIPUSPITASARIL,L,ISHIIISHIIKKDIGITALDIGITALDIVIDESDIVIDESANDANDMOBILEMOBILEINTERNETINTERNETINININDONESIAINDONESIAIMPACTIMPACTOFOFSMARTPHONESJSMARTPHONESJTELEMATICSTELEMATICSANDANDINFORMATICS,INFORMATICS,2016,2016,332472483332472483外文文獻外文文獻DIGITALDIVIDESANDMOBILEINTERNETININDONESIAIMPACTOFSMARTPHONESABSTRACTMOBILELEAPFROGGINGREFERSTOTHEPROCESSBYWHICHNEWINTERNETUSERSACCESSTHEINTERNETUSINGMOBILEPHONESANDNOTPCSTHISSTUDYEXAMINESHOWANDWHETHERMOBILEPHONESNARROWTHEDIGITALDIVIDEAMONGINDONESIANPEOPLEATFOURLEVELSDEVICEOWNERSHIP,INTERNETADOPTION,USE,ANDINFORMATIONACQUISITIONASELFADMINISTEREDQUESTIONNAIRESURVEYWASCONDUCTEDINTHREELARGECITIESININDONESIAN605THERESULTSINDICATEDTHAT,ATDIFFERENTLEVELS,YOUNGERANDMOREEDUCATEDPEOPLEUTILIZEMOBILEINTERNET,ESPECIALLYVIASMARTPHONESINCONTRAST,FEATUREPHONESAREOWNEDBYLESSEDUCATEDANDOLDERPEOPLEREGARDLESSOFINCOMELEVEL,BUTINTERNETUSAGEONSUCHPHONESISMOREPREVALENTAMONGYOUNGERANDMOREEDUCATEDPEOPLEMOREOVER,THEADOPTIONOFTHEPCBASEDINTERNETPROMOTESTHEOWNERSHIPOFSMARTPHONESTHESERESULTSINDICATETHATMOBILELEAPFROGGINGISTHECASEONLYWITHTHEOWNERSHIPOFFEATUREPHONESFURTHERMORE,INCOMPARISONWITHFEATUREPHONES,SMARTPHONESANDPERSONALCOMPUTERSAREMOREASSOCIATEDWITHINFORMATIONHANDLINGCAPACITYINDAILYLIFETHESEFINDINGSSUGGESTTHATICTLITERACYEDUCATIONISIMPORTANT,ANDONESHOULDNOTBEOPTIMISTICABOUTTHEMOBILEINTERNET’SPROSPECTSFORNARROWINGTHEDIGITALDIVIDEINDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESKEYWORDSMOBILEINTERNETLEAPFROGGINGDIGITALDIVIDEFEATUREPHONESMARTPHONEINDONESIAFAMILIESANDMINORITYTEENSWEREPROVENTOBESIGNIFICANTLYMORELIKELYTOUSETHEIRPHONESTOGOONLINE,PAYINGMOREFORTHEINTERNETACCESSTHISPARADOXCANBEEXPLAINEDBYTHEFACTTHATTHEYARELESSLIKELYTOHAVEAWIREDCOMPUTERATHOMEBROWNETAL,2011MOBILELEAPFROGGINGSUGGESTSTHAT,ATTHEINDIVIDUALLEVEL,THEMOBILEINTERNETCANBEUSEDBYTHEINFORMATIONPOOR,NAMELYOLDER,LESSEDUCATED,ANDLESSAFFLUENTPEOPLEGIVENTHATMOBILEPHONESAREMOREFAMILIARTOCOMMONPEOPLEANDLESSEXPENSIVETHANPCS,ITISEXPECTEDTHATTHEDIGITALGAPWILLBEREDUCEDWITHMOBILEINTERNETUSEFOREXAMPLE,SRINUANETAL2012FOUNDTHATPRICEANDINCOMELEVELSDONOTAFFECTTHEPROPENSITYTOACCESSTHEINTERNETVIAMOBILEPHONESINTHAILANDSIMILARLY,BOHLINANDROHMAN2011EXAMINEDFACTORSAFFECTINGMOBILEBROADBANDANDFOUNDTHATINCOMEINFLUENCESMOBILEBROADBANDACCESSLESSSIGNIFICANTLYTHANGEOGRAPHICALAREATHEYCONCLUDEDTHATAFFORDABILITYISNOTANISSUEREGARDINGFURTHERBROADBANDDEVELOPMENTININDONESIA22MULTIPLEDIGITALDIVIDESADIGITALDIVIDEISDEFINEDASTHEDIFFERENCESBETWEENINDIVIDUALS,HOUSEHOLDS,COMPANIES,ORREGIONSREGARDINGTHEIRACCESSTOANDUSAGEOFICTCHENANDWELLMAN,2004VEHOVARETAL,2006THEDIGITALDIVIDEISAPOLITICALLYIMPORTANTCONCEPTBECAUSEITISREGARDEDASANEWFORMOFSOCIALINEQUALITYZILLIENANDHARGITTAI,2009ALTHOUGHTHEDIGITALDIVIDEININTERNETUSEHASBEENNARROWINGAMONGDEVELOPEDCOUNTRIESISHII,2008LOPEZETAL,2013VANDIJKANDHACKER,2003ANDTHEGAPBETWEENDEVELOPEDANDDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESHASALSOSHRUNKENJAMES,2009,DIFFERENCESAMONGINDIVIDUALSINACQUISITIONOFSKILLSANDUSAGEARELIKELYTOPERSISTVANDEURSENANDVANDIJK,2010VANDIJKANDHACKER,2003BEFORETHEADVENTOFDIGITALMEDIA,THEKNOWLEDGEGAPHYPOTHESISWASWIDELYSTUDIED,FOCUSINGONTHEEFFECTSOFTVANDNEWSPAPERSONKNOWLEDGELEVELSTHESESTUDIESREVEALEDTHATTHEGROWTHOFKNOWLEDGEWASRELATIVELYGREATERAMONGTHEHIGHLYEDUCATEDPEOPLETICHENORETAL,1970INCONTRASTTOTHEGAPSTUDIEDINTHE

簡介：字數(shù)英文字數(shù)英文38693869單詞，單詞，2191321913字符；中文字符；中文71097109漢字漢字出處出處ZHANGZHANGG,G,DEDESETASETAGGBEINGBEING“REDRED”O(jiān)NONTHETHEINTERNETINTERNETTHETHECRAFTCRAFTOFOFPOPULARITYPOPULARITYONONCHINESECHINESESOCIALSOCIALMEDIAMEDIAPLATFORMSMPLATFORMSMMICROCELEBRITYMICROCELEBRITYAROUNDAROUNDTHETHEGLOBEGLOBEEMERALDEMERALDPUBLISHINGPUBLISHINGLIMITED,LIMITED,2018201857675767外文文獻外文文獻BEING“RED”O(jiān)NTHEINTERNETTHECRAFTOFPOPULARITYONCHINESESOCIALMEDIAPLATFORMSABSTRACTWHILEINCOMMONENGLISHLANGUAGEPARLANCESPEAKINGOF“ONLINECELEBRITIES”ENCOURAGESTHECONFLATIONOFNEWFORMSOFFAMOUSNESSWITHEXISTINGDISCOURSESONMASSMEDIASTARDOMANDFANDOM,THEMANDARINCHINESETERMWANGHONG,ASHORTHANDTERMFORWANGLUOHONGRENLITERALLY“PERSONPOPULARONTHEINTERNET”,FRAMESTHEENTICINGSHORESOFONLINECELEBRITYTHROUGHTHEPECULIARLEXICALDOMAINOFAGRASSROOTSPOPULARITYTHEFIGUREOFTHEWANGHONGHASINRECENTYEARSACCOMPANIEDTHEDEVELOPMENTOFSOCIALMEDIAPLATFORMSINCHINA,BECOMINGAPROFITABLEPROFESSION,ANINSPIRATIONALROLEMODEL,AMORALLYCONDEMNABLEBYPRODUCTOFINTERNETECONOMIES,ANDINGENERALAWIDELYDEBATEDSOCIALPHENOMENONAMONGLOCALUSERSDRAWINGONINTERVIEWSWITHMOREANDLESSSUCCESSFULLOCALONLINECELEBRITIESANDDISCUSSIONSWITHTHEIRAUDIENCES,THISCHAPTEROFFERSANUPTODATEPORTRAYALOFTHEVARIOUSFORMSOFWANGHONGCURRENTLYVYINGFORATTENTIONONCHINESESOCIALMEDIAPLATFORMS,ILLUSTRATINGHOWPOPULARITYISCRAFTEDALONGWITHNARRATIVESOFPROFESSIONALISMANDECONOMICASPIRATIONSINTIMATELYCONNECTEDTOTHESOCIOTECHNICALCONTEXTSOFCONTEMPORARYCHINAKEYWORDSCHINAMICROCELEBRITYLIVESTREAMINGSOCIALMEDIAWANGHONGDESPITETHEHIGHFAILURERATESOFINCUBATEDCELEBRITIES,MOSTDISCUSSIONSOFWANGHONGCENTERONARATHERLIMITEDSAMPLEOFSUCCESSFULONLINEINFLUENCERSANDMASSIVELYPOPULARSOCIALMEDIAPERSONALITIESASEVIDENCEDBYBAIDUSEARCHTERMANALYTICS,THISSOCIOLINGUISTICUSAGEISKEYEDTOASPECIFICMOMENTINTIMEWHENTHEABBREVIATIONWANGHONG,AFTERITSAPPEARANCEIN2012,OVERTOOKITSEXTENDEDFORMWANGLUOHONGREN,WHICHWASGRADUALLYDECLININGINCURRENCYINTHEBACKGROUND,THEWORDMINGXINGSTARREMAINSCONSISTENTLYUSEDTOREFERTOSHOWBIZCELEBRITIESACROSSTV,CINEMA,ANDPOPMUSIC,BUTISSURPASSEDINPOPULARITYBYWANGHONGBETWEEN2015AND2016THEVARIOUSWAYSOFREFERRINGTOBEINGKNOWNBYMANYOTHERPEOPLEINCHINESEDONOTNECESSARILYMAPTOTHEENGLISHLANGUAGEDISTINCTIONBETWEENCONCEPTSLIKENOTORIETY,POPULARITY,CELEBRITY,FAMOUSNESS,ORSTARDOM,ANDTHESUBTLETIESINTRODUCEDBYNEWMEDIAPRACTICESVIDEOMAKING,MICROBLOGGING,LIVESTREAMINGDEMANDACLOSEREXAMINATIONINORDERTOUNDERSTANDTHEROLEOFWANGHONGINCONTEMPORARYCHINESESOCIETYMODELEDONTERMSSUCHASMINGRENLITERALLY“FAMOUSPERSON”ANDMINGLIULITERALLY“FAMOUSFLOW,”CELEBRITY,THEWORDMINGXING“STAR”ENTEREDPOPULARUSAGEFROMADIRECTTRANSLATIONOFTHEENGLISH“MOVIESTAR”ASDIANYINGMINGXINGINTHEEARLY1920SZHENG,2013ITISNOTBYCHANCETHATONEOFTHETHREELARGESTCHINESEMOVIEPRODUCTIONCOMPANIESOFTHE1920SAND1930SWASCALLEDMINGXINGFILMCOMPANY,TYINGTHENOTIONOFSTARDOMTOTHEEMERGINGENTERTAINMENTINDUSTRYOFTHETIMECONVERSELY,HONGRENPOPULARPERSONBELONGSTOAREPERTOIREOFCOMPOUNDWORDSRELATEDTOTHECOLORHONGRED,WHICHINCHINAISTRADITIONALLYASSOCIATEDWITHNOTIONSOFWEALTH,SUCCESS,ANDPOPULARITYCHAU,2008WANGHONGISJUSTONEOFTHELATESTITERATIONSOFHONGNESS,ALONGWITHOTHERCONTEMPORARYLOCUTIONSASZOUHONGTOBECOMEPOPULAR,BAOHONGTO“EXPLODE”INPOPULARITYANDHONGHUOFLOURISHING,BOOMINGHUANGLIU,2016INCHINA,WHEREPUBLICPERSONAESUCHASARTISTS,WRITERS,INTELLECTUALS,ATHLETES,ANDPERFORMERSAREREQUIREDTONEGOTIATETHEIRPUBLICIDENTITIESUNDERTHECAPRICIOUSINTERPLAYOFECONOMICDEVELOPMENTANDOFFICIALCENSORSHIPBARME′,1999,PPXVII–XVIII,ALLTHESETERMSHINTTOALAYEREDHISTORYOF

簡介：DIGITALDIVIDESANDMOBILEINTERNETININDONESIAIMPACTOFSMARTPHONESLIAPUSPITASARIA,1,KENICHIISHIIB,?AJUDICIALCOMMISSIONOFINDONESIA,JAKARTA,INDONESIABUNIVERSITYOFTSUKUBA,IBARAKI,JAPANARTICLEINFOARTICLEHISTORYRECEIVED14MARCH2015RECEIVEDINREVISEDFORM2NOVEMBER2015ACCEPTED2NOVEMBER2015AVAILABLEONLINE6NOVEMBER2015KEYWORDSMOBILEINTERNETLEAPFROGGINGDIGITALDIVIDEFEATUREPHONESMARTPHONEINDONESIAABSTRACTMOBILELEAPFROGGINGREFERSTOTHEPROCESSBYWHICHNEWINTERNETUSERSACCESSTHEINTERNETUSINGMOBILEPHONESANDNOTPCSTHISSTUDYEXAMINESHOWANDWHETHERMOBILEPHONESNARROWTHEDIGITALDIVIDEAMONGINDONESIANPEOPLEATFOURLEVELSDEVICEOWNERSHIP,INTERNETADOPTION,USE,ANDINFORMATIONACQUISITIONASELFADMINISTEREDQUESTIONNAIRESURVEYWASCONDUCTEDINTHREELARGECITIESININDONESIAN605THERESULTSINDICATEDTHAT,ATDIFFERENTLEVELS,YOUNGERANDMOREEDUCATEDPEOPLEUTILIZEMOBILEINTERNET,ESPECIALLYVIASMARTPHONESINCONTRAST,FEATUREPHONESAREOWNEDBYLESSEDUCATEDANDOLDERPEOPLEREGARDLESSOFINCOMELEVEL,BUTINTERNETUSAGEONSUCHPHONESISMOREPREVALENTAMONGYOUNGERANDMOREEDUCATEDPEOPLEMOREOVER,THEADOPTIONOFTHEPCBASEDINTERNETPROMOTESTHEOWNERSHIPOFSMARTPHONESTHESERESULTSINDICATETHATMOBILELEAPFROGGINGISTHECASEONLYWITHTHEOWNERSHIPOFFEATUREPHONESFURTHERMORE,INCOMPARISONWITHFEATUREPHONES,SMARTPHONESANDPERSONALCOMPUTERSAREMOREASSOCIATEDWITHINFORMATIONHANDLINGCAPACITYINDAILYLIFETHESEFINDINGSSUGGESTTHATICTLITERACYEDUCATIONISIMPORTANT,ANDONESHOULDNOTBEOPTIMISTICABOUTTHEMOBILEINTERNET’SPROSPECTSFORNARROWINGTHEDIGITALDIVIDEINDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIES?2015ELSEVIERLTDALLRIGHTSRESERVED1INTRODUCTION11DIGITALDIVIDESANDMOBILELEAPFROGGINGMOBILECOMMUNICATIONTECHNOLOGIESHAVEMAJORIMPACTONDAYTODAYLIFEINTHEWORLDRECENTLYSEVERALSIGNIFICANTSTUDIESEXAMINEDTHEEFFECTOFMOBILETECHNOLOGIESONDIGITALDIVIDESINTHEDEVELOPEDCOUNTRIESBROWNETAL,2011LEEETAL,2015MASCHERONIANDOLAFSSON2015PARK,2015PEARCEANDRICE,2013HOWEVER,ONLYFEWSTUDIESHAVEINVESTIGATEDTHEDIGITALDIVIDESINTHEDEVELOPINGCOUNTIESWHEREWIREDINTERNETISLIMITEDITISEXPECTEDTHATMOBILEINTERNETCANPLAYMOREIMPORTANTROLEINDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESTELECOMMUNICATIONPOLICYMAKERSINTHEDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESAREINTERESTEDINTHEPOSSIBILITYOFTHE‘‘MOBILELEAPFROGGING”,THEPROCESSBYWHICHNEWINTERNETUSERSACCESSTHEINTERNETUSINGMOBILEPHONESSKIPPINGTHEWIREDINTERNETCONNECTIONABUD2012HASARGUEDTHATMOBILEPHONESCANBEUSEDASATOOLFORLEAPFROGGINGTHEDIGITALDIVIDEININDONESIATHEGEOGRAPHICALDIGITALDIVIDEWASREDUCEDWITHTHEINTRODUCTIONOFMOBILETELECOMMUNICATIONSLOOANDNGAN,2012HTTP//DXDOIORG/101016/JTELE20151100107365853/?2015ELSEVIERLTDALLRIGHTSRESERVED?CORRESPONDINGAUTHORATFACULTYOFENGINEERING,INFORMATIONANDSYSTEMS,UNIVERSITYOFTSUKUBA,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI3058573,JAPANEMAILADDRESSESSARIPUSPITALIAGMAILCOM,LIAKOMISIYUDISIALGOIDLPUSPITASARI,ISHIISKTSUKUBAACJPKISHII1PRESENTADDRESSJUDICIALCOMMISSIONOFINDONESIA,JLKRAMATRAYANO57,SENEN,CENTRALJAKARTA10450,INDONESIATELEMATICSANDINFORMATICS332016472–483CONTENTSLISTSAVAILABLEATSCIENCEDIRECTTELEMATICSANDINFORMATICSJOURNALHOMEPAGEWWWELSEVIERCOM/LOCATE/TELEINTERNETUSEHASBEENNARROWINGAMONGDEVELOPEDCOUNTRIESISHII,2008LOPEZETAL,2013VANDIJKANDHACKER,2003ANDTHEGAPBETWEENDEVELOPEDANDDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESHASALSOSHRUNKENJAMES,2009,DIFFERENCESAMONGINDIVIDUALSINACQUISITIONOFSKILLSANDUSAGEARELIKELYTOPERSISTVANDEURSENANDVANDIJK,2010VANDIJKANDHACKER,2003BEFORETHEADVENTOFDIGITALMEDIA,THEKNOWLEDGEGAPHYPOTHESISWASWIDELYSTUDIED,FOCUSINGONTHEEFFECTSOFTVANDNEWSPAPERSONKNOWLEDGELEVELSTHESESTUDIESREVEALEDTHATTHEGROWTHOFKNOWLEDGEWASRELATIVELYGREATERAMONGTHEHIGHLYEDUCATEDPEOPLETICHENORETAL,1970INCONTRASTTOTHEGAPSTUDIEDINTHEKNOWLEDGEGAPHYPOTHESIS,DIGITALDIVIDESCANTAKEMORECOMPLICATEDFORMS,INCLUDINGTHEUSEOFDIFFERENTDEVICES,EXTENTOFUSAGE,ANDENGAGEMENTINDIFFERENTINTERNETACTIVITIESPEARCEANDRICE,2013ASCOMPAREDWITHTHEMASSMEDIATVANDNEWSPAPERS,USEOFTHEINTERNETREQUIRESAMUCHMOREACTIVEANDSKILLEDUSERBONFADELLI,2002MANYPREVIOUSSTUDIESONTHEDIGITALDIVIDEEXAMINEDTHEEFFECTOFSOCIODEMOGRAPHICSONUSAGEANDSKILLSOFTHEINTERNETBONFADELLI,2002HARGITTAI,2010PEARCEANDRICE,2013HARGITTAI2010ARGUEDTHATSTUDENTSOFLOWERSOCIOECONOMICSTATUS,WOMEN,STUDENTSOFHISPANICORIGIN,ANDAFRICANAMERICANSEXHIBITEDLOWERLEVELSOFWEBKNOWHOW,EVENCONTROLLINGFORINTERNETACCESSHARGITTAI2002ALSOREVEALEDSIGNIFICANTDIFFERENCESINONLINESKILLS,PARTICULARLYBYAGE,PRIOREXPERIENCEWITHTECHNOLOGY,ANDEDUCATIONALLEVELTHESEFINDINGSSUGGESTTHATTHEDIGITALDIVIDEOCCURSATTHEUSAGEANDSKILLLEVELSASWELLASWITHTHEOWNERSHIPOFTHEDEVICESTHEDIVIDEOFUNEQUALMOTIVATIONANDPHYSICALINTERNETACCESSHADEVOLVEDINTOINTERNETSKILLSANDUSAGEDIVIDESVANDEURSENANDVANDIJK,2010VANDIJK,2014THESEDIVIDESARERECOGNIZEDAS‘‘SECONDLEVELDIGITALDIVIDES,”WHICHREFERSTOTHEGAPSINUSAGESKILLSTHATCANPERSISTEVENAFTERTHEDIVIDESOFPHYSICALINTERNETACCESSHAVEBEENREDUCEDHARGITTAI,2002THESESTUDIESSUGGESTTHATMULTIPLEDIVIDESAREEXPECTEDTOFOLLOWASEQUENCE,INTHATTHEFIRSTLEVELOWNERSHIPDIGITALDIVIDESPRECEDETHESECONDLEVELSKILLSANDUSAGEDIGITALDIVIDESTOEXPLORETHEDIGITALDIVIDE,SEVERALSTUDIESHAVEEXAMINEDTHEDETERMINANTSOFMOBILEINTERNETUSEATANINDIVIDUALLEVELFOREXAMPLE,INTHAILAND,PRICE,LACKOFFIXEDTELEPHONY,ANDAGEAREPOSITIVELYASSOCIATEDWITHTHEADOPTIONOFMOBILEINTERNETSRINUANETAL,2012RICEANDKATZ2003PROVEDTHATSEVERALDIGITALDIVIDESEXISTWITHRESPECTTOBOTHTHEINTERNETANDMOBILEPHONEUSAGEINARMENIATHEDIFFUSIONOFINNOVATIONTHEORYPREDICTSTHATTHEADOPTIONOFNEWTECHNOLOGY,INCLUDINGPCBASEDINTERNET,ISPOSITIVELYCORRELATEDWITHEDUCATIONANDINCOMELEVELSANDNEGATIVELYWITHAGEROGERS,2003HOWEVER,INCONSISTENTWITHTHISTHEORY,EDUCATIONANDINCOMELEVELSARENOTASHIGHLYCORRELATEDWITHMOBILEPHONEUSEASWITHPCUSE,WHEREASSEVERALSTUDIESARGUETHATAGEISTHEMOREIMPORTANTDETERMINANTOFMOBILEPHONEUSEASPARTOFTHEWORLDWIDEYOUTHMOBILECULTUREISHII,2004,2009KATZANDAAKHUS,2002ITISALSOFOUNDTHATACCESSTOTHEMOBILEINTERNETDOESNOTINCREASETHELIKELIHOODOFITSUSEFOR‘‘CAPITALENHANCING,”ALTHOUGHMOBILEINTERNETISAVAILABLEFORTHE‘‘INFORMATIONPOOR”INARMENIAPEARCEANDRICE,2013THESESTUDIESSUGGESTTHATMOBILEINTERNETISNOTASIMPLESUBSTITUTEFORPCBASEDINTERNETSIMILARTOINDONESIANPEOPLE,JAPANESEPEOPLEPREFERTOUSEMOBILEPHONESOVERPCSINORDERTOCONNECTWITHTHEINTERNETHOWEVER,SOMEADDRESSTHATMOBILEINTERNETISNOTASEFFECTIVEASPCBASEDINTERNETFORUSERSTOBECOMEINFORMATIONLITERATE,BECAUSEMOBILEINTERNETONLYUSERSARESKILLEDINTHEOPERATIONOFTERMINALS,BUTNOTSKILLEDIN‘‘INFORMATIONHANDLING”WHICHISACTIVELYUSINGINFORMATION,SUCHASSELECTING,COLLECTING,PROCESSING,ANDSENDINGINFORMATION,INCLUDINGNONDIGITALINFORMATIONKIMURA,2001ITSHOULDBENOTEDTHATINFORMATIONHANDLINGCAPACITYCOVERSINFORMATIONLITERACYINDAILYLIFEFORTABLE2COMPARISONOFMOBILEINTERNETUSERSBYDEVICEININDONESIAFEATUREPHONEUSERSN55SMARTPHONEUSERSN265BOTHFEATUREPHONEANDSMARTPHONEUSERSN76FVALUEWEEKLYFREQUENCYOFMOBILEINTERNETUSE417612532203USEOFFACEBOOK742933897CHISQUARE198USEOFTWITTER339712679CHISQUARE311ENTERTAINMENTUSELEVEL204217215102BUSINESSUSELEVEL1632102121102TABLE1HOUSEHOLDOWNERSHIPRATEOFDEVICESINSOUTHEASTASIANCOUNTRIESCOUNTRIESDEVICESDESKTOPCOMPUTERNOTEBOOK/LAPTOP/NETBOOKINTERNETCAPABLEMOBILEPHONETABLETCOMPUTERINDONESIA3129782MALAYSIA77797718PHILIPPINES68586417SINGAPORE74868523THAILAND70617726VIETNAM752532N/ANOTEFROMNIELSEN2011474LPUSPITASARI,KISHII/TELEMATICSANDINFORMATICS332016472–483

簡介：HKIMETALCURRENTSTATUSANDIMPLICATIONSOFMOBILEGAMEDEVELOPMENTUSINGINTELLECTUALPROPERTYRIGHTS24CURRENTSTATUSANDIMPLICATIONSOFMOBILEGAMEDEVELOPMENTUSINGEXISTINGINTELLECTUALPROPERTYRIGHTSHYUNJUKIM1ANDTAKHOONKIM,21EWHAWOMENSUNIVERSITY/SEOUL,KOREA2GRADUATESCHOOLOFADVANCEDIMAGINGSCIENCE,ANDFILMCHUNGANGUNIVERSITY/SEOUL,KOREACORRESPONDINGAUTHORTAKHOONKIMNAVERCOMABSTRACTINRECENTYEARS,THEREHAVEBEENMANYCASESINWHICHACOMPANYSUCCEEDSINTHEMOBILEGAMEBUSINESSBYUSINGINTELLECTUALPROPERTYRIGHTSTHEREFORE,ITISNECESSARYTOIDENTIFYTHECURRENTSTATUSOFMOBILEGAMESTHATUSEPOPULARINTELLECTUALPROPERTYRIGHTSBASEDONTHEIMPLICATIONS,GAMEDEVELOPERSANDCONTENTDEVELOPERSSHOULDAWAREOFTHEGLOBALMARKETINTHEEARLYSTAGESOFGAMEDEVELOPMENTKEYWORDSINTELLECTUALPROPERTYRIGHTS,GAMEMARKET,ONLINEPCGAMES,MOBILEGAMESRECEIVEDMAY24,2018ACCEPTEDFORPUBLICATIONAUG06,2018PUBLISHEDONLINEAUG31,2018DOI1015323/TECHART2018085324/ISSN228892481INTRODUCTIONBECAUSEOFTHEADDEDVALUEANDECONOMICIMPACTRESULTINGFROMTHEGAMEINDUSTRY,RECENTLY,THEMOBILEGAMEINDUSTRYHASRISENASANEWINTELLECTUALPROPERTYBASEDINDUSTRYANDHASTAKENANIMPORTANTPOSITIONINTHECONTENTBASEDINDUSTRYINMANYPLACESINTHEWORLD,ASTHETRENDINTHEGAMEMARKETSHIFTEDFROMONLINEPCGAMESTOMOBILEGAMES,MANYGAMEDEVELOPMENTCOMPANIESHAVEBEENFOUNDEDSOLELYTODEVELOPANDSERVICEMOBILEGAMESTHESEARELESSEXPENSIVEANDREQUIRESHORTERDEVELOPMENTPERIODSTHANONLINEPCGAMESINTHECASEOFTHEKOREANMOBILEGAMEINDUSTRYINPARTICULAR,SINCETHEMARKETOPENEDIN199917YEARS,THESCALEOFTHEDOMESTICGAMEMARKETHASRAPIDLYGROWNTOAGLOBALINDUSTRYWITHSALESOF?1089TRILLION1MOBILEGAMESHAVEATTRACTEDAVARIETYOFUSERSBYEXPANDINGTHEGENDER/AGERANGEOFPLAYERSWITHTHECONVENIENCEOFTHEWIRELESSINTERNETTECHNOLOGYOFSMARTPHONESTHEREISSOMERESEARCHREGARDINGTHEGROWTHANDECONOMICIMPACTOFMOBILEGAMES,BUTINSUFFICIENTRESEARCHHASBEENDONEFORMOBILEGAMESTHATHAVEBEENSUCCESSFULLYDEVELOPEDANDSERVICEDUSINGFAMOUSINTELLECTUALPROPERTYIPTHISARTICLE,INADDITIONTOPROVIDINGAGENERALOVERVIEWOFTHEGAMEINDUSTRYMARKETS,WILLEXAMINEANDINVESTIGATECASESANDVARIOUSSTAGESSUCHASPLANNING,DEVELOPING,MARKETING,ANDUSERSERVICEOFMOBILEGAMEDEVELOPMENTUSINGFAMOUSIP,ALONGWITHTHEIRSTRENGTHSANDWEAKNESSESTHISARTICLEAPPLIESNOTONLYTOTHEGAMEINDUSTRY,BUTALSOAPPLIESTOOTHERCONTENTAREASASWELL,SUCHASANIMATIONANDMOVIES2CURRENTGAMEINDUSTRYANDMOBILEGAMEINDUSTRYACCORDINGTOTHE‘2017KOREANGAMEREPORT’OFTHEKOREACREATIVECONTENTAGENCYKOCCA,WHICHANALYZEDTHEDATAANDTRENDSOFTHEKOREANDOMESTICANDGLOBALGAMEINDUSTRYIN2016ANDEARLY2017,THEGROWTHOFTHEGLOBALGAMEMARKETGREW64YEARONYEARTOREACH1428BILLIONIN2016CURRENTLY,KOREAACCOUNTSFOR82OFTHEGLOBALGAMEMARKET,WHICHIS4THPLACEINTHEWORLDONLINE/MOBILEGAMEMARKETTHESCALEOFTHEDOMESTICMARKETWAS?1089TRILLIONIN2016,ANDISEXPECTEDREACH?11TRILLIONIN2017,WHICHIS16GROWTHOVERTHEPREVIOUSYEARSALESKRW100MILLIONGROWTHRATEFIG1THESCALEANDGROWTHOFTHEKOREANGAMEMARKET20062016DONGAGAMESARTICLETOBREAKTHROUGH1TRILLIONWONDOMESTICGAMEMARKETFORTHISYEAR’14,DEC2017IN2016,THERAPIDGROWTHOFTHEMOBILEGAMEINDUSTRYLEDTOGROWTHOFTHEOVERALLKOREANDOMESTICGAMEMARKETBY72YEARONYEARANDOCCUPIED397OFTHEOVERALLGAMEMARKETTHEOVERALLSALESFROMTHEMOBILEGAMEMARKETWERE?4331TRILLION,WHICHWASVERYCLOSETOTHESALESOFTHEDECLININGPCGAMEINDUSTRY2HKIMETALCURRENTSTATUSANDIMPLICATIONSOFMOBILEGAMEDEVELOPMENTUSINGINTELLECTUALPROPERTYRIGHTS26DESERTMOBILESUCCESSFULLYENTEREDSERVICEINJAPAN,BUTHAVEBEENESPECIALLYSUCCESSFULINCHINA,WHERETHETENDENCIESANDEXPECTATIONSOFGAMEPLAYERSARESIMILARTOTHOSEINKOREAANETMARBLEGAMESNETMARBLEGAMESCREATEDBASEDONTHEPOPULARBOARDGAME,FROMTHESUCCESSOF,NETMARBLEWASABLETOUSEAPOPULARWELLKNOWNIPTOREDUCETHECOSTOFPRODUCTIONANDMARKETING,BUTALSOTOLOWERTHEBARRIERTOENTRYFORTHEUSERSNETMARBLEWASONEOFTHEGAMECOMPANIESTHATREALIZEDTHEMERITSOFUSINGPOPULARIP,ANDCONTINUOUSLYMADEGAMESBASEDONEXISTINGIP,SUCHAS,,,ANDINADDITIONTOTHOSEPOPULARIPS,NETMARBLEUSEDTHEIPOFGLOBALKPOPSTAR,BTS,TOMAKE,ANDSTILLCONTINUESTOACQUIREIPSFROMBUSINESSESINVARIOUSAREASTHEBIGSUCCESSOF,WHICHUSEDNCSOFT’SIP,RESULTEDINNETMARBLEBECOMINGALISTEDCOMPANYNOWADAYS,UNDERORDERSFROMTHECEO,THEYHAVECREATEDANIPBUSINESSSECTORTOACTIVELYBUYANDUSEEXISTINGIPBNEXONNEXTONMAINLYREUSEDTHEIROWNIPTOMAKEMOBILEGAMES,INCLUDING,,,ANDCNCSOFTNCSOFTDOESNOTUSETHEIPOFOTHERCOMPANIESINSTEADITUSEDTHEIRLINEAGEIPTOMAKEAND6CURRENTCHINESEIPMOBILEGAMEMARKETRECENTLY,AMOBILEGAMEBECAMETHECENTEROFTHECHINESEGAMEMARKETDEVELOPMENTOFMOBILEGAMESWITHFAMOUSONLINEPCGAMEIPSBECAMEATRENDINPARTICULAR,INCLUDEDWEZEN’SIPFORMU,ANDTHE,USEDWEMADEENTERTAINMENT’SIPFORTHELEGENDOFMIRTHELATTERBECAMEONEOFTHEMOSTPOPULARMOBILEGAMESINCHINABOTHGAMESUSEDTHEIPOFKOREANCOMPANIESAMOBILEGAMEWITHPOPULARJAPANESEANIMATION,SUCHASONEPIECE,NARUTO,ANDDRAGONBALL,ALSOSHOWEDSUCCESSFULRESULTSBECAUSETHESUCCESSOFMOBILEGAMESWITHPOPULARIPISCLEAR,THEACQUISITIONOFPOPULARIPFROMCONTENTAREASSUCHASDRAMA,NOVELS,MOVIES,WEBTOONS,ETC,HAVEBECOMECOMPETITIVEDUETOTHERAPIDUSEOFTHEPOPULARCHINESEDOMESTICIP,MANYCOMPANIESARETRYINGTOACQUIREVARIOUSTYPESOFIPFROMJAPAN,KOREA,ANDOTHERCOUNTRIESACCORDINGTO,WHICHISPUBLISHEDBYKOCCA,MOBILEGAMESOCCUPY37OFTHEENTIRECHINESEGAMEMARKETOFALLTHEGAMES,ONLY10OFGAMESARECREATEDBYOFFICIALCONTRACTFORMOBILEGAMES,THEREISANEVENLOWERPERCENTAGEOFGAMEDEVELOPMENTTHROUGHOFFICIALPURCHASECONTRACTSATENCENTTHISISTHEBIGGESTGAMECOMPANYINCHINA,ANDITHASBEENINVESTINGINPOPULARIPSFROMKOREAANDJAPANCURRENTGAMESINSERVICE,ANDGAMESFORWHICHDEVELOPMENTISINPROGRESS,HAVEUSEDFAMOUSIPFROMVARIOUSOTHERCOUNTRIESEXAMPLESOFTHOSEGAMESINCLUDE,,,ANDBNETEASEGAMESNETEASEISSECONDBIGGESTGAMECOMPANYINCHINA,ANDISWELLKNOWNFORITSSUCCESSWITHUSINGTHEIROWNIPCURRENTLY,THEYHAVECONTRACTEDTOACQUIREHOWEVER,THEYARENOTVERYACTIVEINACQUIRINGTHEIPOFOTHERSCLONGTUGAMELONGTUISTHIRDBIGGESTGAMECOMPANYINCHINA,ANDTHEYAREWELLKNOWNFORCREATING,WHICHISAMOBILEVERSIONOFTHEORIGINALONLINEPCGAME,,ISAFPSGAMEOFSMILEGATE,WHICHISAGAMECOMPANYINKOREAISONEOFTHEMOSTPOPULARONLINEGAMESINCHINA,WHICHHASARECORDOF6MILLIONGLOBALCONCURRENTPLAYERSANDANNUALSALESOF?15TRILLIONOTHERSMALLERCOMPANIESHAVEALSOFOCUSEDONDEVELOPINGMOBILEGAMESBASEDONTHEIPOFOTHERSFOREXAMPLE,PERFECTWORLDACQUIREDANDGIANTGAMESACQUIRED7CURRENTJAPANESEIPMOBILEGAMEMARKETJAPANISWELLKNOWNFORHAVINGVARIOUSANIMATIONIPS,ANDTHEYARECONTINUOUSLYCREATINGCONTENTWITHNEWIPSIPRELATEDTOANIMATION,INPARTICULAR,HASBEENUSEDSUCCESSFULLYINMANYONLINEPCGAMESANDMOBILEGAMESFORALONGTIMERECENTLY,THEYHAVEFOCUSEDONDEVELOPINGNEXTGENERATIONGAMEPLATFORMSTHATWILLUSEVIRTUALREALITYVRANDAUGMENTEDREALITYARTECHNOLOGIESINADDITION,MOBILEGAMESMADEREUSINGOLDIPHAVESHOWNGREATSUCCESSTOOASTHESUCCESSOFNINTENDOSWITCHESSHOWS,IPFROMOLDPARTSOFTHEINDUSTRY,WHICHHASBEENCONSIDEREDASTAGNANT

簡介：2150英文單詞，英文單詞，12000英文字符，中文英文字符，中文3290字文獻出處文獻出處KARLJB,NYCECHOWCELLPHONEBANSAFFECTAUTOMOBILEINSURANCEMARKETSJJOURNALOFRISKSAMPAIO,2010,SUGGESTINGTHATTHEENACTMENTOFLAWSLIMITINGCELLPHONEUSEWHILEDRIVINGMAYBEASSOCIATEDWITHREALPUBLICHEALTHBENEFITSOURSTUDYALSOCONSIDERSTHEEFFECTSOFTHESEHANDHELDCELLPHONEBANSBUTSPECIFICALLYFOCUSESONTHEEXTENTTOWHICHTHESEBANSINFLUENCEAUTOMOBILEINSURERS’LOSSES,LOSSRATIOS,ANDPREMIUMSMORESPECIFICALLY,BECAUSEAUTOMOBILEINSURERSPAYFORMOSTOFTHELOSSESASSOCIATEDWITHAUTOMOBILEACCIDENTS,ANYCHANGESINDRIVERS’BEHAVIORSRESULTINGFROMCELLPHONEBANSSHOULDBEREFLECTEDINTHEAMOUNTOFLOSSESINCURREDBYAUTOMOBILEINSURERSWETHEREFOREEXPECTTHAT,IFLAWSRESTRICTINGTHEUSEOFCELLPHONESWHILEDRIVINGREDUCETHEFREQUENCYAND/ORSEVERITYOFTRAFFICACCIDENTSINAGIVENMARKETPLACE,AUTOMOBILEINSURERSWILLINCURFEWERLOSSESDURINGTHEPASTTHREEDECADES,CELLPHONEOWNERSHIPGREWDRAMATICALLYAMONGAMERICANSANDITISESTIMATEDTHATOVER90PERCENTOFINDIVIDUALSOWNEDACELLPHONEIN2014ASARESULT,RESEARCHERSBEGANTOCONSIDERHOWTHEPROLIFERATIONOFCELLPHONESINTHEUNITEDSTATESAFFECTEDDRIVINGPERFORMANCEANDSEVERALSTUDIESIDENTIFIEDAPOSITIVECORRELATIONBETWEENTHEHANDHELDUSEOFACELLPHONEWHILEDRIVINGANDTHERISKOFANAUTOMOBILEACCIDENT1MOTIVATEDBYTHEAPPARENTLINKBETWEENHANDHELDCELLPHONEUSEANDACCIDENTRISK,MANYPOLICYMAKERSBEGANCONSIDERINGENACTINGLAWSTHATWOULDPROHIBITDRIVERSFROMUSINGCELLPHONESWHILEOPERATINGAMOTORVEHICLETHESEPOLICYMAKERSRECOGNIZEDTHEEMPIRICALEVIDENCEINDICATINGOTHERLAWS,UNRELATEDTOCELLPHONEUSE,HADSIGNIFICANTLYCHANGEDDRIVERS’BEHAVIORSINWAYSTHATREDUCEDTHERISKOFANACCIDENTBY,FOREXAMPLE,INCREASINGSEATBELTUSEORDECREASINGDRUNKDRIVINGEG,WELLS,PREUSSER,ANDWILLIAMS,1992DINHZARRETAL,2001FARMERANDWILLIAMS,2005LAWSBANNINGTHEHANDHELDUSEOFACELLPHONEWHILEDRIVINGWEREEXPECTEDTOHAVESIMILAR,BENEFICIALEFFECTSONDRIVERS’BEHAVIORSANDTRAFFICACCIDENTSASARESULT,IN2001,NEWYORKBECAMETHEFIRSTSTATETOIMPLEMENTABANONTHEHANDHELDUSEOFCELLPHONESFORALLDRIVERS,ANDINTHEENSUINGTIME,MANYMORESTATESIMPLEMENTEDLAWSTHATRESTRICTTHEUSEOFCELLPHONESWHILEDRIVINGAVARIETYOFEMPIRICALSTUDIESEXAMINEWHETHERHANDHELDCELLPHONEBANSHAVETHEDESIREDEFFECTOFCHANGINGDRIVERS’BEHAVIORSANDREDUCINGAUTOMOBILEACCIDENTSASNOTEDBYMCCARTT,KIDD,ANDTEOH2014,RESEARCHINTHISAREAISHINDEREDBYDATAAVAILABILITYANDTHEAPPROPRIATENESSOFSTUDYDESIGNSAND,CONSEQUENTLY,THEREISNOCLEARCONSENSUSINTHELITERATUREREGARDINGTHEMAGNITUDEOFTHEEFFECTOFCELLPHONEBANSONDRIVERS’BEHAVIORSNEVERTHELESS,THEREEXISTSEVIDENCETHATTHEHANDHELDUSEOFACELLPHONEWHILEDRIVINGDECREASESWHENSTATESENACTLAWSPROHIBITINGTHISBEHAVIORFOREXAMPLE,MCCARTTETAL2010REPORTTHATDRIVERHANDHELDCELLPHONEUSEDECLINEDSIGNIFICANTLYINTHREESTATESTHATENACTEDHANDHELDCELLPHONEBANSWHILEBRAITMANANDMCCARTT2010FINDTHATFEWERDRIVERSREPORTUSINGCELLPHONESWHILEDRIVINGINSTATESWITHHANDHELDBANSCOMPAREDTOSTATESWITHOUTBANSOTHERSTUDIESALSOSUGGESTTHATTHECHANGEINDRIVERBEHAVIORELICITEDBYHANDHELDCELLPHONEBANSULTIMATELYLEADSTOREDUCTIONSINTRAFFICACCIDENTSFOREXAMPLE,NIKOLAEV,ROBBINS,ANDJACOBSON2010ANDSAMPAIO2010PROVIDEEVIDENCETHATMEANAUTOMOBILECRASHRATESDECLINEDINNEWYORKINTHETIMEPERIODAFTERTHESTATEENACTEDABANONHANDHELDCELLPHONEUSEWHILEDRIVINGINADDITION,USINGDATAPERTAININGTOAUTOMOBILEACCIDENTANDFATALITYRATESACROSSMOSTORALLOFTHESTATESINTHEUNITEDSTATES,KOLKO2009,ANYANWU2012,ANDLIMANDCHI2013ALLPROVIDESOMEDEGREEOFEMPIRICALSUPPORTFORTHENOTIONTHATHANDHELDCELLPHONEBANSREDUCETRAFFICFATALITIESAND/ORTRAFFICACCIDENTSOTHERSTUDIES,EXAMININGDATAPERTAININGONLYTOASMALLNUMBEROFSTATES,FINDNOEVIDENCETHATBANNINGTHEHANDHELDUSEOFACELLPHONEWHILEDRIVINGAFFECTSDRIVERS’BEHAVIORSORACCIDENTRATESEG,TREMPELETAL,2011BHARGAVAANDPATHANIA,2013HOWEVER,WHENCONSIDEREDINITSENTIRETY,THEOVERALLEMPIRICALEVIDENCEPRESENTEDINTHELITERATUREPROVIDESANONTRIVIALAMOUNTOFSUPPORTFORTHENOTIONTHATHANDHELDCELLPHONEBANSHAVEAREALEFFECTONDRIVERS’BEHAVIORSTHATULTIMATELYRESULTSINREDUCTIONSINTRAFFICACCIDENTSANDFATALITIESTHELITERATURE,HOWEVER,GENERALLYFAILSTOEXPLORETHEPOTENTIALECONOMICEFFECTSASSOCIATEDWITHHANDHELDCELLPHONEBANSOURARTICLEHYPOTHESIZESTHATTHEENACTMENTOFAHANDHELDCELLPHONEBANWILLULTIMATELYRESULTINFEWERLOSSESINCURREDBYAUTOMOBILEINSURERSOPERATINGINTHEMARKETPLACEWHERETHEBANTAKESEFFECTOUREXPECTATIONISGROUNDEDINSTUDIESSUCHASFEBER,FELDMEIER,ANDCROCKER2003WHOFINDEVIDENCETHATROADSAFETYIMPROVEMENTSLEADTOREDUCTIONSINAUTOMOBILEINSURERS’CLAIMS

簡介：MOBILEGAMINGINDUSTRYCHALLENGESANDPOLICYIMPLICATIONSCLAUDIOFEIJOOA,N,JOSE′LUISGO′MEZBARROSOB,JUANMIGUELAGUADOC,SERGIORAMOSAAUNIVERSIDADPOLITE′CNICADEMADRIDCEDINT,CAMPUSDEMONTEGANCEDO,POZUELODEALARCO′N,28223MADRID,SPAINBUNIVERSIDADNACIONALDEEDUCACIO′NADISTANCIA,SPAINCUNIVERSIDADDEMURCIA,SPAINARTICLEINFOAVAILABLEONLINE4JANUARY2012KEYWORDSMOBILEGAMINGMOBILECONTENTANDAPPLICATIONSGAMINGINDUSTRYMOBILEECOSYSTEMABSTRACTMOBILEGAMESAREAPRIMEEXAMPLEOFASUCCESSFULMOBILEAPPLICATIONANDDEMONSTRATETHEINCREASINGRANGEOFPLATFORMSFORTHEMEDIAANDENTERTAINMENTINDUSTRIESAGAINSTTHISCONVERGENTBACKGROUND,THISPAPERINTRODUCESTHEBASICFEATURESOFTHEMOBILEGAMINGMARKETANDITSINDUSTRIALECOSYSTEMTOGETHERWITHITSMAINACTORSANDACTIVITIESTHEFOCUSOFTHEPAPERLIESINTHECHALLENGESAHEADFORTHEEVOLUTIONOFMOBILEAPPLICATIONSINTOAPOTENTIALLYDOMINANTGAMEPLATFORMANDTHEPOSSIBLEDISRUPTIONSALONGTHISROADTHEDEEPPERSONALRELATIONSHIPSBETWEENUSERSANDTHEIRMOBILEDEVICESARECONSIDEREDTOFURTHEREXPLORETHELINKBETWEENMOBILEGAMES,PLAYERS’STRATEGIESANDPENDINGTECHNOECONOMICDEVELOPMENTSTHEPAPERCONCLUDESWITHABRIEFDISCUSSIONOFSOMEPOLICYOPTIONSTOASSISTWITHTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHISDOMAIN2011ELSEVIERLTDALLRIGHTSRESERVED1INTRODUCTIONAPPLICATIONSFORMOBILEDEVICESAREANOUTSTANDINGEXAMPLEOFTHECONVERGENCEBETWEENELECTRONICCOMMUNICATIONSANDTHEMEDIAANDENTERTAINMENTINDUSTRIESCONVERGENCEUSUALLYIMPLIESMAJOREXPECTATIONSOFNEWBUSINESSESBASEDONTHEOPPORTUNITIESOFANUNEXPLOREDDOMAINASWELLASTHEPRACTICALDIFFICULTIESINTRANSFORMINGEXISTINGMARKETSANDUNDERSTANDINGNEWPREFERENCESOFUSERSTHISISTHECASEFORMOBILEGAMINGINFACT,THEAPPEALANDOPPORTUNITIESOFTHISMARKETAREATTRACTINGINNOVATORS,ENTREPRENEURSANDMANYOLDANDNEWINDUSTRYPLAYERSTOGETHER,THESEGROUPSARERESHAPINGTHISINDUSTRYTHEREHASALSOBEENSOMEACADEMICINTERESTINTHEFIELDOFMOBILEGAMINGOR,MOREAPPROPRIATELY,INMOBILEENTERTAINMENTDURINGTHELASTDECADEHOWEVER,THEAVAILABLELITERATUREHASADOPTEDEITHERTHESOCIALMEDIAPERSPECTIVEORTHEGAMEDESIGNPERSPECTIVEAHOLISTICVIEWISSTILLLACKING,SPECIFICALLYINVIEWOFTHERECENTDEVELOPMENTSINMOBILEGAMINGTHEREISVERYRECENTACADEMICINTERESTINMOBILEPLATFORMS,INTHEDEVELOPMENTOFMOBILEAPPLICATIONSONTHESEPLATFORMS,ANDINTHEVIDEOGAMEINDUSTRYINGENERALREFERENCESPROVIDEDTHROUGHOUTTHETEXTPRESENTSOMEOFTHEMOSTRELEVANTCONTRIBUTIONSWITHREGARDTOMOBILEGAMINGHOWEVER,THEAUTHORSCONSIDERTHESPECIFICMOBILEGAMINGPERSPECTIVETOBEINSUFFICIENTLYADDRESSEDTHUSFARTHISPAPERPROVIDESANOVERVIEWOFTHESTATUSANDFUTUREPROSPECTSOFMOBILEGAMING,WITHAVIEWTOWARDPOSSIBLEPOLICYOPTIONSTHATMAYTARGETTHISAREAITSMAINAIMISTOPROVIDESOMEDIRECTIONFORFURTHERACADEMICRESEARCHONTHISTIMELYTOPICTHEMETHODOLOGYUSEDINTHISSTUDYISBASEDONDESKRESEARCHOFTHEAVAILABLELITERATUREANDTHEDATAPROVIDEDBYTHEINDUSTRY,COMPLEMENTEDBYASMALLSURVEYCONDUCTEDIN2010TOVERIFYTHESTATUSOFTHEDOMAINFROMTHEUSERS’PERSPECTIVECONTENTSLISTSAVAILABLEATSCIVERSESCIENCEDIRECTURLWWWELSEVIERCOM/LOCATE/TELPOLTELECOMMUNICATIONSPOLICY03085961/SEEFRONTMATTER2011ELSEVIERLTDALLRIGHTSRESERVEDDOI101016/JTELPOL201112004NCORRESPONDINGAUTHOREMAILADDRESSESCFEIJOOCEDINTUPMESCFEIJOO,JLGOMEZCEEUNEDESJLGO′MEZBARROSO,JMAGUADOUMESJMAGUADOTELECOMMUNICATIONSPOLICY362012212–221DISTRIBUTEGAMESTOMOBILEPLAYERSOTHERPOPULARGAMES,LIKETHESIMS,PROVIDEDADDITIONALGAMECONTENTTOBEDOWNLOADEDTOMOBILEPHONESFROM2007ON,ANUMBEROFDEVELOPMENTSTUDIOSDECIDEDTOFOCUSEXCLUSIVELYONMOBILEDEVICESINSTEADOFPORTINGEXISTINGCONSOLEORPCGAMESSINCE2008,THEMODELHASBECOMESTABLEBROWSINGFROMMOBILEDEVICESANDDOWNLOADINGFROMAPPLICATIONSTORESAREBECOMINGTHESTANDARDWAYTOCONSUMEMOBILEGAMESDUETOTHEDIFFUSIONOFHANDSETSANDTHEINCREASINGAFFORDABILITYOFMOBILEDATAPLANS,THEMOBILEPLATFORMREACHESWIDERDEMOGRAPHICSTHANEVERANDOFFERSAMPLESPACEFORTHEADAPTATIONOFEXISTINGGAMESANDTHEDEVELOPMENTOFNEWTYPESOFGAMESMOBILEDEVICESAREALREADYAVIABLEALTERNATIVETOOTHERGAMINGPLATFORMS5INADDITIONTOTHISBROADMARKETBASE,MOBILEGAMESCANMAKEINTENSIVEUSEOFTHECOMPETITIVEADVANTAGESOFTHEMOBILEPLATFORM,SUCHASCOMPLETEUBIQUITYAVAILABILITYATANYTIMEANDANYPLACE,THEHIGHESTLEVELOFPERSONALISATIONWHILEMAINTAININGCLOSECONTACTWITHSOCIALNETWORKS,AND,LOOKINGINTOTHEFUTURE,CONTEXTAWARENESSWITHLOCATIONASACURRENTANDMAINEXAMPLETHEREFORE,THEMOBILEGAMINGSCENARIOISNOLONGERTHATOFADELAYEDORMODESTEXTENSIONOFCONSOLEORPCGAMESRATHER,MOBILEGAMINGISADISTINCTUSEREXPERIENCEWITHANUMBEROFUNEXPLOREDAVENUES3SUPPLYSIDEOFMOBILEGAMING31ACTORSINTHEARENATHEMOBILEECOSYSTEMTHEREAREANUMBEROFDIFFERENTMETHODOLOGIESTOEXPLORETHESUPPLYSIDEOFMOBILECONTENTANDAPPLICATIONSAMONGTHEMOSTRELEVANTAPPROACHESARETHEMODELLINGOFTHEBUSINESSMODELINDETAILBOUWMAN,FABER,HAAKER,KIJL,REUVER,2008,THEINCLUSIONOFDYNAMICSTOIMPROVETHEUNDERSTANDINGOFTHEEVOLUTIONOFBUSINESSMODELSEATON,ELALUFCALDERWOOD,SORENSEN,2010ANDCONCEPTUALISINGTHERELATIONSHIPSTOESTABLISHANEBUSINESSMODELOSTERWALDERPIGNEUR,2010THISARTICLEFOLLOWSTHEECOSYSTEMAPPROACHFRANSMAN,2007,AMOREGENERALTHEORYTHATISNEVERTHELESSABLETOSIMULTANEOUSLYCAPTURETHETECHNICAL,ECONOMICANDINSTITUTIONALRELATIONSHIPSINANEMERGENTDOMAINTHATISNOTYETMATUREENOUGHFORPROPERMODELLINGWITHMORESPECIALISEDMETHODSTHEREFORE,THISMETHODISBETTERSUITEDTOIDENTIFYPOTENTIALPOLICYMEASURESTHEGENERALECOSYSTEMOFTHEMOBILEINDUSTRYISINTRODUCEDINFEIJO′O,MAGHIROS,ABADIE,ANDGO′MEZBARROSO2009THEADAPTATIONFORMOBILEGAMINGISPRESENTEDINFIG1ASSEENINTHEFIGURE,THEMOBILEGAMINGECOSYSTEMFOLLOWSTHECONVENTIONALTHREESTAGEMODELFORDIGITALMASSCONSUMPTION1CREATION/PRODUCTION/PUBLISHING,2DELIVERY/DISTRIBUTION/ACCESSAND3USE/CONSUMPTION/INTERACTIONTHEFIGUREALSOHIGHLIGHTSTHEACTIVITIESINTHESOFTWAREGAMEINDUSTRIESTHATAREINDEPENDENTOFMOBILEGAMESWHITEBOXES,THEELEMENTSTHATAREDIRECTLYCONNECTEDTOORNECESSARYFORMOBILEGAMESPALEGREYBOXESANDTHENEW–ANDGENERALLYNONEXISTENT–ACTIVITIESTHATMAYBEREQUIREDFORNEXTGENERATIONMOBILEGAMESDARKGREYBOXESINCOMPARINGTHEMAINPLAYERSOFTHESOFTWAREGAMESINDUSTRY,ITCANBESAIDTHATINTHEMOBILEDOMAIN,THEMARKETRELEVANCEOFGAMEPUBLISHERS–THEKEYPLAYERINOTHERGAMINGPLATFORMS–ISCOUNTERBALANCEDBYTHERELEVANCEOFMOBILEOPERATORS,HANDSETSUPPLIERSANDAPPLICATIONSTOREPROVIDERSITISOBVIOUSFROMTHENUMBEROFACTIVITIESREQUIREDTODEVELOPANDMARKETAMOBILEGAMETHATTHESTRUCTUREOFTHEECOSYSTEMISCOMPLEXFROMTHEPERSPECTIVESOFDEVELOPERSANDPUBLISHERS,PUTTINGAMOBILEGAMEONTOTHEMARKETINVOLVESMORESTEPSTHANOTHERGAMINGPLATFORMSINATYPICALSCENARIO,MOBILEGAMESMUSTMATCHAQUINTUPLELAYEROFTECHNICALSPECIFICATIONSTYPEOFDEVICE,OPERATINGSYSTEMINTHEDEVICE,APPLICATIONSINTHEDEVICETHATCOULDBECONNECTEDWITHTHEGAME,FEATURESOFTHETECHNOLOGIESUSEDINTHENETWORKINFRASTRUCTUREANDIMPLEMENTATIONSOFSUPPORTSYSTEMS,INCLUDINGPORTALS,APPLICATIONSTORES,PLATFORMS,BUSINESSMODELSORBILLINGINADDITION,THEREMAYBEOTHERSPECIFICATIONSRELATEDTOUSERPROFILESAND/ORCONTEXTSINTHEMOBILEDOMAIN,THEFIRSTTHREELAYERSMENTIONEDOFFERAMULTIPLICITYOFPOSSIBILITIESNOTFOUNDINOTHERGAMINGENVIRONMENTS,SUCHASVIDEOCONSOLESORONLINEGAMES32POWERSTRUGGLEINSIDETHEECOSYSTEMMOBILEPLATFORMSANYSUCCESSFULMOBILESERVICEPROVISIONREQUIRESTHECOOPERATIONOFDIFFERENTPLAYERSINEACHOFTHESTAGESSHOWNTHEREFORE,INTEGRATINGASMANYACTIVITIESASPOSSIBLEOR,ATLEAST,MAINTAININGCONTROLOFTHEMISARATIONALSTEPTOWARDDECREASINGTHETRANSACTIONCOSTSTHISISTHEPLATFORMISATIONOFTHEMOBILEECOSYSTEM,INWHICHTHEMAINPLAYERSATTEMPTTOGROUPTOGETHER,INALOOSEORTIGHTSCHEME,ALLOFTHEREQUIREDROLESFORACOMMONSETOFHARDWARE,SOFTWAREANDOTHERTECHNOECONOMICSPECIFICATIONSEACHOFTHESEPLATFORMSISSEEKINGNEWREVENUESFROMTHECOMBINATIONOFMOBILECONTENTANDAPPLICATIONSWITHTHEIRPORTFOLIOOFPRODUCTSANDSERVICESMOBILEGAMESAREINCLUDEDINTHESEPORTFOLIOSCONSEQUENTLY,HOWPLATFORMSEVOLVEISPRESENTLYONEOFTHEKEYELEMENTSINUNDERSTANDINGMOBILEGAMINGINDUSTRYTRENDSTHECURRENTSUCCESSOFMOBILEPLATFORMSIMPLIESACLASHOFBUSINESSMODELSANDCULTURESCONTENTANDAPPLICATIONPROVIDERSINTENDTHENETWORKTOBENEUTRALANDAMERESYSTEMOFTRANSPORTANDDISTRIBUTION,WHEREASOPERATORSATTEMPTTO5THEINFORMATIONSOLUTIONSGROUP2011SHOWSTHERESULTSOFASURVEYFROMJANUARY2011WITH2425UKANDUSONLINEPANELLISTSWHENASKEDTOIDENTIFYWHICHGAMINGENABLEDDEVICETHEYPLAYEDGAMESONMOSTOFTEN,44CITEDTHEIRPHONES,AHEADOFVIDEOGAMECONSOLES21ANDCOMPUTERS30SMARTPHONEOWNERSAREBYFARTHEMOSTAVIDMOBILEGAMERS93OFSMARTPHONEOWNERSSAYTHEYPLAYATLEASTONCEEACHWEEK,AND45PLAYDAILYCFEIJOOETAL/TELECOMMUNICATIONSPOLICY362012212–221214

簡介：6400英文單詞，英文單詞，36萬英文字符，中文萬英文字符，中文11200字文獻出處文獻出處FEIJOOC,AGUADOJM,RAMOSSMOBILEGAMINGINDUSTRYCHALLENGESANDPOLICYIMPLICATIONSJTELECOMMUNICATIONSPOLICY,2012,363212221MOBILEGAMINGINDUSTRYCHALLENGESANDPOLICYIMPLICATIONSCLAUDIOFEIJOO,JOSE′LUISGO′MEZBARROSO,JUANMIGUELAGUADO,SERGIORAMOSABSTRACTMOBILEGAMESAREAPRIMEEXAMPLEOFASUCCESSFULMOBILEAPPLICATIONANDDEMONSTRATETHEINCREASINGRANGEOFPLATFORMSFORTHEMEDIAANDENTERTAINMENTINDUSTRIESAGAINSTTHISCONVERGENTBACKGROUND,THISPAPERINTRODUCESTHEBASICFEATURESOFTHEMOBILEGAMINGMARKETANDITSINDUSTRIALECOSYSTEMTOGETHERWITHITSMAINACTORSANDACTIVITIESTHEFOCUSOFTHEPAPERLIESINTHECHALLENGESAHEADFORTHEEVOLUTIONOFMOBILEAPPLICATIONSINTOAPOTENTIALLYDOMINANTGAMEPLATFORMANDTHEPOSSIBLEDISRUPTIONSALONGTHISROADTHEDEEPPERSONALRELATIONSHIPSBETWEENUSERSANDTHEIRMOBILEDEVICESARECONSIDEREDTOFURTHEREXPLORETHELINKBETWEENMOBILEGAMES,PLAYERS’STRATEGIESANDPENDINGTECHNOECONOMICDEVELOPMENTSTHEPAPERCONCLUDESWITHABRIEFDISCUSSIONOFSOMEPOLICYOPTIONSTOASSISTWITHTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHISDOMAINKEYWORDSMOBILEGAMING；MOBILECONTENTANDAPPLICATIONS；GAMINGINDUSTRY；MOBILEECOSYSTEM1INTRODUCTIONAPPLICATIONSFORMOBILEDEVICESAREANOUTSTANDINGEXAMPLEOFTHECONVERGENCEBETWEENELECTRONICCOMMUNICATIONSANDTHEMEDIAANDENTERTAINMENTINDUSTRIESCONVERGENCEUSUALLYIMPLIESMAJOREXPECTATIONSOFNEWBUSINESSESBASEDONTHEOPPORTUNITIESOFANUNEXPLOREDDOMAINASWELLASTHEPRACTICALDIFFICULTIESINTRANSFORMINGEXISTINGMARKETSANDUNDERSTANDINGNEWPREFERENCESOFUSERSTHISISTHECASEFORMOBILEGAMINGINFACT,THEAPPEALANDOPPORTUNITIESOFTHISMARKETAREATTRACTINGINNOVATORS,ENTREPRENEURSANDMANYOLDANDNEWINDUSTRYPLAYERSTOGETHER,THESEGROUPSARERESHAPINGTHISINDUSTRYTHEREHASALSOBEENSOMEACADEMICINTERESTINTHEFIELDOFMOBILEGAMINGOR,MOREAPPROPRIATELY,INMOBILEENTERTAINMENTDURINGTHELASTDECADEHOWEVER,THEAVAILABLELITERATUREHASADOPTEDEITHERTHESOCIALMEDIAPERSPECTIVEORTHEGAMEDESIGNPERSPECTIVEAHOLISTICVIEWISSTILLLACKING,SPECIFICALLYINVIEWOFTHERECENTDEVELOPMENTSINMOBILEGAMINGTHEREISVERYRECENTACADEMICINTERESTINMOBILEPLATFORMS,INTHEDEVELOPMENTOFMOBILEAPPLICATIONSONTHESEPLATFORMS,ANDINTHEVIDEOGAMEINDUSTRYINGENERALREFERENCESPROVIDEDTHROUGHOUTTHETEXTPRESENTSOMEOFTHEMOSTRELEVANTCONTRIBUTIONSWITHREGARDTOMOBILEGAMINGHOWEVER,THEAUTHORSCONSIDERTHESPECIFICMOBILEGAMINGPERSPECTIVETOBEINSUFFICIENTLYADDRESSEDTHUSFARTHISPAPERPROVIDESANOVERVIEWOFTHESTATUSANDFUTUREPROSPECTSOFMOBILEGAMING,WITHAVIEWTOWARDPOSSIBLEPOLICYOPTIONSTHATMAYTARGETTHISAREAITSMAINAIMISTOPROVIDESOMEDIRECTIONFORFURTHERACADEMICRESEARCHONTHISTIMELYTOPICTHEMETHODOLOGYUSEDINTHISSTUDYISBASEDONDESKRESEARCHOFTHEAVAILABLELITERATUREANDTHEDATAPROVIDEDBYTHEINDUSTRY,COMPLEMENTEDBYASMALLSURVEYCONDUCTEDIN2010TOVERIFYTHESTATUSOFTHEDOMAINFROMTHEUSERS’PERSPECTIVETHEPAPERISSTRUCTUREDASFOLLOWSAFTERABRIEFSUMMARYOFTHEEVOLUTIONOFTHEMOBILEGAMINGINDUSTRY,THEMOBILEGAMEECOSYSTEMWILLBEINTRODUCEDINSOMEDETAIL,ALONGWITHTHEMAINPLAYERS’STRATEGIESANDTECHNOECONOMICMODELSASANINDICATIONOFTHESTATUSOFTHESUPPLYSIDETHEDEMANDSIDEISPRESENTEDINTHENEXTSECTIONSECTION5PRESENTSTHECHALLENGESAHEADFORGAMINGFROMCARRIERSTOHANDSETSUPPLIERSANDAPPLICATIONPROVIDERSHOWEVER,ITWASTHEAPPEARANCEOFTHEIPHONELATE2007THATDRAMATICALLYCHANGEDTHECIRCUMSTANCESOFMOBILEGAMINGTHECOMBINATIONOFNEWPOSSIBILITIESINTHEHANDSETTOUCHSCREEN,MOTIONSENSOR,PRECISELOCATIONSYSTEM,ENHANCEDDISPLAY,HEAVYSTORAGE,HIGHQUALITYAUDIO,ANDEMBEDDEDCAMERAANDTHEUBIQUITOUSCONNECTIONTOTHENETWORKALLOWEDMANYINNOVATIONS,INCLUDINGAPPLICATIONSTORES,PLAYINGONLINEWHILEONTHEMOVE,MULTIPLAYERGAMES,PLAYINGACROSSSEVERALMEDIAUSINGSOCIALNETWORKS,GAMESLINKEDWITHDEVICEMOTION,ANDLOCATIONBASEDGAMING4THEYEARS2007AND2008BROUGHTSIGNIFICANTINNOVATIONSINBUSINESSMODELSTOTHEMARKETFORINSTANCE,INTHEUK,THEOPERATORSTMOBILEANDBLYKBEGANEXPERIMENTINGWITHADVERTISINGSUPPORTEDGAMESLIKEWISE,GREYSTRIPEANDGLUMOBILE,TWOPOPULARPROVIDERSOFGAMES,OFFEREDUSERSFREEPLAYINGINEXCHANGEFOREXPOSURETOADVERTISINGTHEREWEREALSOEXAMPLESOFBLURRINGBOUNDARIESACROSSMEDIAFORINSTANCE,ANUMBEROFCOMPANIESBEGANTOUSEFACEBOOKTODISTRIBUTEGAMESTOMOBILEPLAYERSOTHERPOPULARGAMES,LIKETHESIMS,PROVIDEDADDITIONALGAMECONTENTTOBEDOWNLOADEDTOMOBILEPHONESFROM2007ON,ANUMBEROFDEVELOPMENTSTUDIOSDECIDEDTOFOCUSEXCLUSIVELYONMOBILEDEVICESINSTEADOFPORTINGEXISTINGCONSOLEORPCGAMESSINCE2008,THEMODELHASBECOMESTABLEBROWSINGFROMMOBILEDEVICESANDDOWNLOADINGFROMAPPLICATIONSTORESAREBECOMINGTHESTANDARDWAYTOCONSUMEMOBILEGAMESDUETOTHEDIFFUSIONOFHANDSETSANDTHEINCREASINGAFFORDABILITYOFMOBILEDATAPLANS,THEMOBILEPLATFORMREACHESWIDERDEMOGRAPHICSTHANEVERANDOFFERSAMPLESPACEFORTHEADAPTATIONOFEXISTINGGAMESANDTHEDEVELOPMENTOFNEWTYPESOFGAMESMOBILEDEVICESAREALREADYAVIABLEALTERNATIVETOOTHERGAMINGPLATFORMS5INADDITIONTOTHISBROADMARKETBASE,MOBILEGAMESCANMAKEINTENSIVEUSEOFTHECOMPETITIVEADVANTAGESOFTHEMOBILEPLATFORM,SUCHASCOMPLETEUBIQUITYAVAILABILITYATANYTIMEANDANYPLACE,THEHIGHESTLEVELOFPERSONALISATIONWHILEMAINTAININGCLOSECONTACTWITHSOCIALNETWORKS,AND,LOOKINGINTOTHEFUTURE,CONTEXTAWARENESSWITHLOCATIONASACURRENTANDMAINEXAMPLETHEREFORE,THEMOBILEGAMINGSCENARIOISNOLONGERTHATOFADELAYEDORMODESTEXTENSIONOFCONSOLEORPCGAMESRATHER,MOBILEGAMINGISADISTINCTUSEREXPERIENCEWITHANUMBEROFUNEXPLOREDAVENUES3SUPPLYSIDEOFMOBILEGAMING31ACTORSINTHEARENATHEMOBILEECOSYSTEMTHEREAREANUMBEROFDIFFERENTMETHODOLOGIESTOEXPLORETHESUPPLYSIDEOFMOBILECONTENTANDAPPLICATIONSAMONGTHEMOSTRELEVANTAPPROACHESARETHEMODELLINGOFTHEBUSINESSMODELINDETAILBOUWMAN,FABER,HAAKER,KIJL,REUVER,2008,THEINCLUSIONOFDYNAMICSTOIMPROVETHEUNDERSTANDINGOFTHEEVOLUTIONOFBUSINESSMODELSEATON,ELALUFCALDERWOOD,SORENSEN,2010ANDCONCEPTUALISINGTHERELATIONSHIPSTOESTABLISHANEBUSINESSMODELOSTERWALDERPIGNEUR,2010THISARTICLEFOLLOWSTHEECOSYSTEMAPPROACHFRANSMAN,2007,AMOREGENERALTHEORYTHATISNEVERTHELESSABLETOSIMULTANEOUSLYCAPTURETHETECHNICAL,ECONOMICANDINSTITUTIONALRELATIONSHIPSINANEMERGENTDOMAINTHATISNOTYETMATUREENOUGHFORPROPERMODELLINGWITHMORESPECIALISEDMETHODSTHEREFORE,THISMETHODISBETTERSUITEDTOIDENTIFYPOTENTIALPOLICYMEASURESTHEGENERALECOSYSTEMOFTHEMOBILEINDUSTRYISINTRODUCEDINFEIJO′O,MAGHIROS,ABADIE,ANDGO′MEZBARROSO2009THEADAPTATIONFORMOBILEGAMINGISPRESENTEDINFIG1ASSEENINTHEFIGURE,THEMOBILEGAMINGECOSYSTEMFOLLOWSTHECONVENTIONALTHREESTAGEMODELFORDIGITALMASSCONSUMPTION1CREATION/PRODUCTION/PUBLISHING,2DELIVERY/DISTRIBUTION/ACCESSAND3

簡介：VOLUME7,NO1SPRING,2016TABLEOFCONTENTSDOINVESTORSPRICEACCRUALSQUALITYFORFIRMSCHARGEDWITHPOORREPORTINGQUALITYPINGKE2CANSOCIALNETWORKINGSITESBEECOMMERCEPLATFORMSMINCHUNGHANANDYOUJEONGKIM24ASSESINGTHEEFFECTIVENESSOFINDUSTRYPARKSONINNOVATIONOFTENANTFIRMSPARKLEVELEVIDENCEFROMCHINARANGFENGQIU,YONGSEOKJANG,ANDYANZHANG40EDITORKYUNGJOOLEEUNIVERSITYOFMARYLANDEASTERNSHORE,USAREVIEWBOARDHEUNGJOOCHAFINANCE,UNIVERSITYOFREDLANDS,REDLANDS,USAALBERTCHICOMPUTERSCIENCE,UNIVERSITYOFMARYLANDEASTERNSHORE,USADAVIDCHOIMANAGEMENT,LOYOLAMARYMOUNTUNIVERSITY,USACEDRICEDAUKIMSMANAGEMENT,CALIFORNIASTATEPOLYTECHNICUNIVERSITYPOMONA,USAJAMESESTESFINANCE,CALIFORNIASTATEUNIVERSITY–SANBERNARDINO,USASUNGKYUHUHACCOUNTING,CALIFORNIASTATEUNIVERSITYSANBERNARDINO,USALIANGGUOFINANCE,CALIFORNIASTATEUNIVERSITYSANBERNARDINO,USASTEPHENJAKUBOWSKIACCOUNTING,FERRISSTATEUNIVERSITY,USAJEEINJANGACCOUNTING,CHUNGANGUNIVERSITY,KOREAJOHNJJINACCOUNTING,CALIFORNIASTATEUNIVERSITYSANBERNARDINO,USAILWOONKIMACCOUNTING,UNIVERSITYOFAKRON,USAJINSUKIMINFORMATIONSYSTEM,CHUNGANGUNIVERSITY,KOREAYOUNGHOONKOCOMPUTERENGINEERING,HYUPSUNGUNIVERSITY,KOREADUHOANGLEFINANCE,NATIONALECONOMICSUNIVERSITY,VIETNAMBRANDONBYUNGHWANLEEACCOUNTING,INDIANAUNIVERSITYNORTHWEST,USAHABINLEEMANAGEMENTENGINEERING,BRUNELUNIVERSITY,UKMYONGJAELEEHOSPITALITYMANAGEMENT,CALIFORNIASTATEPOLYTECHNICUNIVERSITYPOMONA,USADIANELIFINANCE,UNIVERSITYOFMARYLANDEASTERNSHORE,USAQIANGLIFINANCE,NATIONALUNIVERSITYOFSINGAPORE,SINGAPOREFRANKLININFORMATIONSYSTEMS,CALIFORNIASTATEUNIVERSITYSANBERNARDINO,USAYONGSUNPAIKINTERNATIONALBUSINESS,LOYOLAMARYMOUNTUNIVERSITY,USAKWANGSUNSONGMANAGEMENT,SOONCHUNHYANGUNIVERSITY,KOREAHUASUNREALESTATE,IOWASTATEUNIVERSITY,USATAEWONYANGFINANCE,CALIFORNIASTATEUNIVERSITYSANBERNARDINO,USASEHWANYOOINFORMATIONSYSTEMS,UNIVERSITYOFMARYLANDUNIVERSITYCOLLEGE,USAMOONGILYOONMANAGEMENTSCIENCE,KOREAAEROSPACEUNIVERSITY,KOREASUNGWOOKYOONACCOUNTING,CALIFORNIASTATEUNIVERSITYNORTHRIDGE,USAHANANDKIM/PPJBRVOL7,NO1,SPRING2016,PP243924CANSOCIALNETWORKINGSITESBEECOMMERCEPLATFORMSMINCHUNGHANNEWYORKINSTITUTEOFTECHNOLOGY,USAYOUJEONGKIMNEWYORKINSTITUTEOFTECHNOLOGY,USAABSTRACTSOCIALMEDIAISNOTJUSTANONLINECOMMUNITYWHEREPEOPLEMEET,COMMUNICATE,ANDSHAREINFORMATIONVIRTUALLYTHENUMBEROFBUSINESSESUSINGSOCIALMEDIATOPROMOTEPRODUCTS,ANDTHENUMBEROFSOCIALMEDIASEEKINGWAYSTOINCREASEREVENUES,HAVEBOTHGROWNRAPIDLYINRECENTYEARSCONSEQUENTLY,THEREHASBEENINCREASEDINTERESTINSOCIALMEDIACOMMERCE–SYSTEMSWHEREBYSOCIALMEDIAUSERSCOULDPURCHASEPRODUCTSBYCLICKINGTHE“BUY”BUTTONONFACEBOOKWITHOUTLEAVINGTHESITE,JUSTASTHEYCANNOWONAMAZONCOMOREBAYTHISSTUDYEXAMINESWHETHERSOCIALMEDIACANGROWASANECOMMERCEPLATFORMBYANSWERINGTHEFOLLOWINGQUESTIONS1HOWLIKELYARESOCIALMEDIAUSERSTOPURCHASEPRODUCTSONSOCIALMEDIA2WHATTYPESOFPRODUCTSORSOCIALFACTORSONTHESOCIALMEDIAWOULDSUCCESSFULLYFACILITATESOCIALMEDIACOMMERCETHERESULTINDICATESTHATPRESENCEOFAFRIEND’SPURCHASEHISTORYWITHAPRODUCTDIDNOTGENERATEAHIGHERLEVELOFPURCHASEINTENTION,NORSOCIALMEDIAACCEPTANCEALSO,THISSTUDYFOUNDTHATDIGITALPRODUCTSINDUCEDHIGHERLEVELSOFBOTHPURCHASEINTENTIONANDSOCIALMEDIAACCEPTANCETHANNONDIGITALPRODUCTSFINDINGSAREDISCUSSED,ALONGWITHMANAGERIALIMPLICATIONSANDLIMITATIONSINTHESTUDYKEYWORDSOCIALMEDIACOMMERCE,SOCIALMEDIACOMMERCEACCEPTANCE,PURCHASEINTENTION,PRODUCTTYPEJELCLASSIFICATIONM31CORRESPONDINGAUTHORMHAN07NYITEDUTEL5166867720

簡介：MICROCELEBRITYAROUNDTHEGLOBEBEING“RED”O(jiān)NTHEINTERNETTHECRAFTOFPOPULARITYONCHINESESOCIALMEDIAPLATFORMSGEZHANG,GABRIELEDESETA,ARTICLEINFORMATIONTOCITETHISDOCUMENTGEZHANG,GABRIELEDESETA,“BEING“RED”O(jiān)NTHEINTERNET“INMICROCELEBRITYAROUNDTHEGLOBEPUBLISHEDONLINE23OCT20185767PERMANENTLINKTOTHISDOCUMENTHTTPS//DOIORG/101108/978178756749820181005DOWNLOADEDON07APRIL2019,AT0601PTREFERENCESTHISDOCUMENTCONTAINSREFERENCESTO0OTHERDOCUMENTSTOCOPYTHISDOCUMENTPERMISSIONSEMERALDINSIGHTCOMTHEFULLTEXTOFTHISDOCUMENTHASBEENDOWNLOADED28TIMESSINCE2018USERSWHODOWNLOADEDTHISARTICLEALSODOWNLOADED2018,“ENDNOTES“,SOCIETYNOW,PP101149HTTPS//DOIORG/101108/9781787560765201810082018,“INDEX“,,PP171174HTTPS//DOIORG/101108/978178756749820181016ACCESSTOTHISDOCUMENTWASGRANTEDTHROUGHANEMERALDSUBSCRIPTIONPROVIDEDBYEMERALDSRM401304FORAUTHORSIFYOUWOULDLIKETOWRITEFORTHIS,ORANYOTHEREMERALDPUBLICATION,THENPLEASEUSEOUREMERALDFORAUTHORSSERVICEINFORMATIONABOUTHOWTOCHOOSEWHICHPUBLICATIONTOWRITEFORANDSUBMISSIONGUIDELINESAREAVAILABLEFORALLPLEASEVISITWWWEMERALDINSIGHTCOM/AUTHORSFORMOREINFORMATIONABOUTEMERALDWWWEMERALDINSIGHTCOMEMERALDISAGLOBALPUBLISHERLINKINGRESEARCHANDPRACTICETOTHEBENEFITOFSOCIETYTHECOMPANYMANAGESAPORTFOLIOOFMORETHAN290JOURNALSANDOVER2,350BOOKSANDBOOKSERIESVOLUMES,ASWELLASPROVIDINGANEXTENSIVERANGEOFONLINEPRODUCTSANDADDITIONALCUSTOMERRESOURCESANDSERVICESDOWNLOADEDBYAUSTRALIANCATHOLICUNIVERSITYAT060107APRIL2019PTCHAPTER4BEING“RED”O(jiān)NTHEINTERNETTHECRAFTOFPOPULARITYONCHINESESOCIALMEDIAPLATFORMSGEZHANGANDGABRIELEDESETAABSTRACTWHILEINCOMMONENGLISHLANGUAGEPARLANCESPEAKINGOF“ONLINECELEBRITIES”ENCOURAGESTHECONFLATIONOFNEWFORMSOFFAMOUSNESSWITHEXISTINGDISCOURSESONMASSMEDIASTARDOMANDFANDOM,THEMANDARINCHINESETERMWANGHONG,ASHORTHANDTERMFORWANGLUOHONGRENLITERALLY“PERSONPOPULARONTHEINTERNET”,FRAMESTHEENTICINGSHORESOFONLINECELEBRITYTHROUGHTHEPECULIARLEXICALDOMAINOFAGRASSROOTSPOPULARITYTHEFIGUREOFTHEWANGHONGHASINRECENTYEARSACCOMPANIEDTHEDEVELOPMENTOFSOCIALMEDIAPLATFORMSINCHINA,BECOMINGAPROFITABLEPROFESSION,ANINSPIRATIONALROLEMODEL,AMORALLYCONDEMNABLEBYPRODUCTOFINTERNETECONOMIES,ANDINGENERALAWIDELYDEBATEDSOCIALPHENOMENONAMONGLOCALUSERSDRAWINGONINTERVIEWSWITHMOREANDLESSSUCCESSFULLOCALONLINECELEBRITIESANDDISCUSSIONSWITHTHEIRAUDIENCES,THISCHAPTEROFFERSANUPTODATEPORTRAYALOFTHEVARIOUSFORMSOFWANGHONGCURRENTLYVYINGFORATTENTIONONCHINESESOCIALMEDIAPLATFORMS,ILLUSTRATINGHOWPOPULARITYISCRAFTEDALONGWITHNARRATIVESOFPROFESSIONALISMANDECONOMICASPIRATIONSINTIMATELYCONNECTEDTOTHESOCIOTECHNICALCONTEXTSOFCONTEMPORARYCHINAKEYWORDSCHINAMICROCELEBRITYLIVESTREAMINGSOCIALMEDIAWANGHONGWANGHONGONLINECELEBRITYWITHCHINESECHARACTERISTICSIHAVETWOMODESOFPERFORMANCEWHENLIVESTREAMINGONEISTALKINGMODE,THEOTHERISSINGINGMODE,ANDICANFREELYSWITCHBETWEENTHETWOIDON’TWANTTOWASTETHETIMEOFMYFANS,IHOPETHEYCANGETSOMETHINGFROMMYLIVESTREAM,IHOPETHEYCANRECEIVESOMEMICROCELEBRITYAROUNDTHEGLOBE,57–67COPYRIGHT?2019BYEMERALDPUBLISHINGLIMITEDALLRIGHTSOFREPRODUCTIONINANYFORMRESERVEDDOI101108/978178756749820181005DOWNLOADEDBYAUSTRALIANCATHOLICUNIVERSITYAT060107APRIL2019PT

簡介：HOWCELLPHONEBANSAFFECTAUTOMOBILEINSURANCEMARKETSJBRADLEYKARLCHARLESNYCEABSTRACTINTHISARTICLE,WEEXAMINETHEEFFECTOFLAWSPROHIBITINGTHEHANDHELDUSEOFACELLPHONEWHILEDRIVINGONTHEAUTOMOBILEINSURANCEMARKETOURRESEARCHISMOTIVATEDBYPRIORSTUDIESTHATPRESENTEVIDENCETHATTHEENACTMENTOFSUCHLAWSALTERSDRIVERS’BEHAVIORSINWAYSTHATREDUCETHERISKOFAUTOMOBILEACCIDENTSWEPOSITTHATTHAT,BYEXTENSION,THESELAWSSHOULDALSOLEADTOREDUCTIONSINTHEAMOUNTOFLOSSESPAIDBYPRIVATEPASSENGERAUTOMOBILEPHYSICALDAMAGEINSURERSOURANALYSISINDICATESTHATTHEENACTMENTOFABANONTHEHANDHELDUSEOFACELLPHONEWHILEDRIVINGREDUCESTHEINCURREDLOSSESANDINCURREDLOSSRATIOSOFAUTOMOBILEINSURERSBYAPPROXIMATELY3PERCENT,SUGGESTINGTHATTHESEBANSHAVEIMPORTANTECONOMICCONSEQUENCESNOTPREVIOUSLYDOCUMENTEDINTHELITERATUREADDITIONALANALYSISSUGGESTSTHATHANDHELDCELLPHONEBANSEVENTUALLYLEADTOINCREMENTALREDUCTIONSINPREMIUMS,BUTWEDONOTOBSERVETHESEREDUCTIONSINPREMIUMSUNTILACOUPLEOFYEARSFOLLOWINGTHEENACTMENTOFABANOURANALYSISOFAUTOMOBILEINSURANCELOSSESALSOREPRESENTSADEPARTUREFROMMOSTPRIORSTUDIESOFCELLPHONEBANSANDTHEREFORECONTRIBUTESTOTHEONGOINGDEBATEINTHEPUBLICHEALTHLITERATUREREGARDINGTHEEXTENTTOWHICHHANDHELDCELLPHONEBANSHAVEIMPLICATIONSFORTRAFFICSAFETYINTRODUCTIONTHESAFETYOFINDIVIDUALSOPERATINGAUTOMOBILESISAPARAMOUNTPUBLICHEALTHCONCERNAUTOMOBILECRASHESAREALEADINGCAUSEOFDEATHINTHEUNITEDSTATES,ANDEACHYEAR,MILLIONSOFMOTORISTSAREGIVENEMERGENCYTREATMENTSFORINJURIESARISINGOUTOFAUTOMOBILEACCIDENTSCENTERFORDISEASESCONTROLANDPREVENTION,2015INRESPONSE,POLICYMAKERSHAVEENACTEDAVARIETYOFMEASURESAIMEDATREDUCINGTHEFREQUENCYAND/ORSEVERITYOFAUTOMOBILEACCIDENTS,THEMOSTRECENTOFWHICHINVOLVESRESTRICTINGTHEUSEOFCELLPHONESWHILEDRIVINGPROPONENTSOFTHESELAWSARGUETHATTHEUSEOFACELLPHONEWHILEDRIVINGDISTRACTSTHEDRIVER,THEREBYINCREASINGTHELIKELIHOODTHATATRAFFICACCIDENTWILLOCCURASARESULT,ITISSUGGESTEDTHATPOLICIESBANNINGTHEUSEOFCELLPHONESWHILEDRIVINGALTERTHEBEHAVIOROFDRIVERSINAWAYTHATJBRADLEYKARLISATEASTCAROLINAUNIVERSITYKARLCANBECONTACTEDVIAEMAILKARLJECUEDUCHARLESNYCEISATTHEFLORIDASTATEUNIVERSITYNYCEANBECONTACTEDVIAEMAILCNYCEFSUEDU?2017THEJOURNALOFRISKANDINSURANCEVOL9999,NO9999,1–272017DOI101111/JORI122241OUREMPIRICALANALYSISSUGGESTSTHATHANDHELDCELLPHONEBANSLEADTOREDUCTIONSININCURREDLOSSESANDIMPROVEMENTSINUNDERWRITINGPERFORMANCEFORPRIVATEPASSENGERAUTOMOBILEPHYSICALDAMAGEINSURERSMORESPECIFICALLY,OURRESULTSSUGGESTTHATTHEAVERAGEAUTOMOBILEINSURERINOURSAMPLEEXPERIENCESAPPROXIMATELYA3PERCENTREDUCTIONINTHEAMOUNTOFLOSSESINCURREDINAGIVENSTATEFOLLOWINGTHEENACTMENTOFALAWBANNINGTHEHANDHELDUSEOFCELLPHONESWHILEDRIVINGOURANALYSISALSOSUGGESTSTHATINCURREDLOSSRATIOSDECLINEBYAPPROXIMATELY26PERCENTINSTATESTHATENACTACELLPHONEBANWHILEWEDONOTFINDEVIDENCETHATPREMIUMSAREIMMEDIATELYREDUCEDASARESULTOFTHEENACTMENTOFAHANDHELDCELLPHONEBAN,WEPRESENTEVIDENCEOFMARGINALREDUCTIONSINPREMIUMSBEGINNING2YEARSAFTERABANISENACTED,SUGGESTINGTHATTHELOSSREDUCINGEFFECTSOFHANDHELDCELLPHONEBANSAREEVENTUALLYREFLECTEDINPREMIUMSOVERALL,OUREVIDENCEISCONSISTENTWITHTHENOTIONTHATBYIMPROVINGTRAFFICSAFETYOUTCOMES,LAWSBANNINGTHEHANDHELDUSEOFCELLPHONESWHILEDRIVINGHAVEAMEANINGFULECONOMICEFFECTONTHEPRIVATEPASSENGERAUTOMOBILEPHYSICALDAMAGEINSURANCEMARKETPLACEOURARTICLEPROCEEDSASFOLLOWSWEFIRSTPROVIDEBACKGROUNDONTHEEFFECTSOFHANDHELDCELLPHONEBANSANDTHEIRPOTENTIALIMPACTONTHEAUTOMOBILEINSURANCEMARKETWETHENDISCUSSTHESAMPLEWEUSETOEXAMINETHEHYPOTHESIZEDRELATIONBETWEENHANDHELDCELLPHONEBANSANDAUTOMOBILEINSURERS’LOSSES,LOSSRATIOS,ANDPREMIUMSAFTERTHAT,WEDISCUSSOUREMPIRICALMETHODSANDRESULTSAFINALSECTIONPROVIDESCONCLUDINGREMARKSTHATHIGHLIGHTTHEECONOMICSIGNIFICANCEOFOURFINDINGSANDTHEASSOCIATEDCONTRIBUTIONTOTHEEXISTINGLITERATUREBACKGROUNDDURINGTHEPASTTHREEDECADES,CELLPHONEOWNERSHIPGREWDRAMATICALLYAMONGAMERICANSANDITISESTIMATEDTHATOVER90PERCENTOFINDIVIDUALSOWNEDACELLPHONEIN2014ASARESULT,RESEARCHERSBEGANTOCONSIDERHOWTHEPROLIFERATIONOFCELLPHONESINTHEUNITEDSTATESAFFECTEDDRIVINGPERFORMANCEANDSEVERALSTUDIESIDENTIFIEDAPOSITIVECORRELATIONBETWEENTHEHANDHELDUSEOFACELLPHONEWHILEDRIVINGANDTHERISKOFANAUTOMOBILEACCIDENT1MOTIVATEDBYTHEAPPARENTLINKBETWEENHANDHELDCELLPHONEUSEANDACCIDENTRISK,MANYPOLICYMAKERSBEGANCONSIDERINGENACTINGLAWSTHATWOULDPROHIBITDRIVERSFROMUSINGCELLPHONESWHILEOPERATINGAMOTORVEHICLETHESEPOLICYMAKERSRECOGNIZEDTHEEMPIRICALEVIDENCEINDICATINGOTHERLAWS,UNRELATEDTOCELLPHONEUSE,HADSIGNIFICANTLYCHANGEDDRIVERS’BEHAVIORSINWAYSTHATREDUCEDTHERISKOFANACCIDENTBY,FOREXAMPLE,INCREASINGSEATBELTUSEORDECREASINGDRUNKDRIVINGEG,WELLS,PREUSSER,ANDWILLIAMS,1992DINHZARRETAL,2001FARMERANDWILLIAMS,2005LAWSBANNINGTHEHANDHELDUSEOFACELLPHONEWHILEDRIVINGWEREEXPECTEDTOHAVESIMILAR,1FOREXAMPLE,REDELMEIERANDTIBSHIRANI1997ANDMCEVOYETAL2005BOTHFINDEVIDENCEINDICATINGTHATTHEHANDHELDUSEOFACELLPHONEINCREASESTHERISKOFANAUTOMOBILECRASHBYAFACTOROFFOUROTHERRESEARCHERS,USINGAVARIETYOFSTUDYDESIGNSANDDATASOURCES,PROVIDEADDITIONALEVIDENCETHATTHEUSEOFACELLPHONEWHILEDRIVINGSIGNIFICANTLYINCREASESTHELIKELIHOODOFANAUTOMOBILEACCIDENTEG,KLAUERETAL,2006MCCARTT,HELLINGA,ANDBRAITMAN,2006KLAUERETAL,2014CELLPHONEBANSANDAUTOMOBILEINSURANCEMARKETS3

簡介：6400英文單詞，英文單詞，36萬英文字符，中文萬英文字符，中文11200字文獻出處文獻出處FEIJOOC,AGUADOJM,RAMOSSMOBILEGAMINGINDUSTRYCHALLENGESANDPOLICYIMPLICATIONSJTELECOMMUNICATIONSPOLICY,2012,363212221MOBILEGAMINGINDUSTRYCHALLENGESANDPOLICYIMPLICATIONSCLAUDIOFEIJOO,JOSE′LUISGO′MEZBARROSO,JUANMIGUELAGUADO,SERGIORAMOSABSTRACTMOBILEGAMESAREAPRIMEEXAMPLEOFASUCCESSFULMOBILEAPPLICATIONANDDEMONSTRATETHEINCREASINGRANGEOFPLATFORMSFORTHEMEDIAANDENTERTAINMENTINDUSTRIESAGAINSTTHISCONVERGENTBACKGROUND,THISPAPERINTRODUCESTHEBASICFEATURESOFTHEMOBILEGAMINGMARKETANDITSINDUSTRIALECOSYSTEMTOGETHERWITHITSMAINACTORSANDACTIVITIESTHEFOCUSOFTHEPAPERLIESINTHECHALLENGESAHEADFORTHEEVOLUTIONOFMOBILEAPPLICATIONSINTOAPOTENTIALLYDOMINANTGAMEPLATFORMANDTHEPOSSIBLEDISRUPTIONSALONGTHISROADTHEDEEPPERSONALRELATIONSHIPSBETWEENUSERSANDTHEIRMOBILEDEVICESARECONSIDEREDTOFURTHEREXPLORETHELINKBETWEENMOBILEGAMES,PLAYERS’STRATEGIESANDPENDINGTECHNOECONOMICDEVELOPMENTSTHEPAPERCONCLUDESWITHABRIEFDISCUSSIONOFSOMEPOLICYOPTIONSTOASSISTWITHTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHISDOMAINKEYWORDSMOBILEGAMING；MOBILECONTENTANDAPPLICATIONS；GAMINGINDUSTRY；MOBILEECOSYSTEM1INTRODUCTIONAPPLICATIONSFORMOBILEDEVICESAREANOUTSTANDINGEXAMPLEOFTHECONVERGENCEBETWEENELECTRONICCOMMUNICATIONSANDTHEMEDIAANDENTERTAINMENTINDUSTRIESCONVERGENCEUSUALLYIMPLIESMAJOREXPECTATIONSOFNEWBUSINESSESBASEDONTHEOPPORTUNITIESOFANUNEXPLOREDDOMAINASWELLASTHEPRACTICALDIFFICULTIESINTRANSFORMINGEXISTINGMARKETSANDUNDERSTANDINGNEWPREFERENCESOFUSERSTHISISTHECASEFORMOBILEGAMINGINFACT,THEAPPEALANDOPPORTUNITIESOFTHISMARKETAREATTRACTINGINNOVATORS,ENTREPRENEURSANDMANYOLDANDNEWINDUSTRYPLAYERSTOGETHER,THESEGROUPSARERESHAPINGTHISINDUSTRYTHEREHASALSOBEENSOMEACADEMICINTERESTINTHEFIELDOFMOBILEGAMINGOR,MOREAPPROPRIATELY,INMOBILEENTERTAINMENTDURINGTHELASTDECADEHOWEVER,THEAVAILABLELITERATUREHASADOPTEDEITHERTHESOCIALMEDIAPERSPECTIVEORTHEGAMEDESIGNPERSPECTIVEAHOLISTICVIEWISSTILLLACKING,SPECIFICALLYINVIEWOFTHERECENTDEVELOPMENTSINMOBILEGAMINGTHEREISVERYRECENTACADEMICINTERESTINMOBILEPLATFORMS,INTHEDEVELOPMENTOFMOBILEAPPLICATIONSONTHESEPLATFORMS,ANDINTHEVIDEOGAMEINDUSTRYINGENERALREFERENCESPROVIDEDTHROUGHOUTTHETEXTPRESENTSOMEOFTHEMOSTRELEVANTCONTRIBUTIONSWITHREGARDTOMOBILEGAMINGHOWEVER,THEAUTHORSCONSIDERTHESPECIFICMOBILEGAMINGPERSPECTIVETOBEINSUFFICIENTLYADDRESSEDTHUSFARTHISPAPERPROVIDESANOVERVIEWOFTHESTATUSANDFUTUREPROSPECTSOFMOBILEGAMING,WITHAVIEWTOWARDPOSSIBLEPOLICYOPTIONSTHATMAYTARGETTHISAREAITSMAINAIMISTOPROVIDESOMEDIRECTIONFORFURTHERACADEMICRESEARCHONTHISTIMELYTOPICTHEMETHODOLOGYUSEDINTHISSTUDYISBASEDONDESKRESEARCHOFTHEAVAILABLELITERATUREANDTHEDATAPROVIDEDBYTHEINDUSTRY,COMPLEMENTEDBYASMALLSURVEYCONDUCTEDIN2010TOVERIFYTHESTATUSOFTHEDOMAINFROMTHEUSERS’PERSPECTIVETHEPAPERISSTRUCTUREDASFOLLOWSAFTERABRIEFSUMMARYOFTHEEVOLUTIONOFTHEMOBILEGAMINGINDUSTRY,THEMOBILEGAMEECOSYSTEMWILLBEINTRODUCEDINSOMEDETAIL,ALONGWITHTHEMAINPLAYERS’STRATEGIESANDTECHNOECONOMICMODELSASANINDICATIONOFTHESTATUSOFTHESUPPLYSIDETHEDEMANDSIDEISPRESENTEDINTHENEXTSECTIONSECTION5PRESENTSTHECHALLENGESAHEADFORGAMINGFROMCARRIERSTOHANDSETSUPPLIERSANDAPPLICATIONPROVIDERSHOWEVER,ITWASTHEAPPEARANCEOFTHEIPHONELATE2007THATDRAMATICALLYCHANGEDTHECIRCUMSTANCESOFMOBILEGAMINGTHECOMBINATIONOFNEWPOSSIBILITIESINTHEHANDSETTOUCHSCREEN,MOTIONSENSOR,PRECISELOCATIONSYSTEM,ENHANCEDDISPLAY,HEAVYSTORAGE,HIGHQUALITYAUDIO,ANDEMBEDDEDCAMERAANDTHEUBIQUITOUSCONNECTIONTOTHENETWORKALLOWEDMANYINNOVATIONS,INCLUDINGAPPLICATIONSTORES,PLAYINGONLINEWHILEONTHEMOVE,MULTIPLAYERGAMES,PLAYINGACROSSSEVERALMEDIAUSINGSOCIALNETWORKS,GAMESLINKEDWITHDEVICEMOTION,ANDLOCATIONBASEDGAMING4THEYEARS2007AND2008BROUGHTSIGNIFICANTINNOVATIONSINBUSINESSMODELSTOTHEMARKETFORINSTANCE,INTHEUK,THEOPERATORSTMOBILEANDBLYKBEGANEXPERIMENTINGWITHADVERTISINGSUPPORTEDGAMESLIKEWISE,GREYSTRIPEANDGLUMOBILE,TWOPOPULARPROVIDERSOFGAMES,OFFEREDUSERSFREEPLAYINGINEXCHANGEFOREXPOSURETOADVERTISINGTHEREWEREALSOEXAMPLESOFBLURRINGBOUNDARIESACROSSMEDIAFORINSTANCE,ANUMBEROFCOMPANIESBEGANTOUSEFACEBOOKTODISTRIBUTEGAMESTOMOBILEPLAYERSOTHERPOPULARGAMES,LIKETHESIMS,PROVIDEDADDITIONALGAMECONTENTTOBEDOWNLOADEDTOMOBILEPHONESFROM2007ON,ANUMBEROFDEVELOPMENTSTUDIOSDECIDEDTOFOCUSEXCLUSIVELYONMOBILEDEVICESINSTEADOFPORTINGEXISTINGCONSOLEORPCGAMESSINCE2008,THEMODELHASBECOMESTABLEBROWSINGFROMMOBILEDEVICESANDDOWNLOADINGFROMAPPLICATIONSTORESAREBECOMINGTHESTANDARDWAYTOCONSUMEMOBILEGAMESDUETOTHEDIFFUSIONOFHANDSETSANDTHEINCREASINGAFFORDABILITYOFMOBILEDATAPLANS,THEMOBILEPLATFORMREACHESWIDERDEMOGRAPHICSTHANEVERANDOFFERSAMPLESPACEFORTHEADAPTATIONOFEXISTINGGAMESANDTHEDEVELOPMENTOFNEWTYPESOFGAMESMOBILEDEVICESAREALREADYAVIABLEALTERNATIVETOOTHERGAMINGPLATFORMS5INADDITIONTOTHISBROADMARKETBASE,MOBILEGAMESCANMAKEINTENSIVEUSEOFTHECOMPETITIVEADVANTAGESOFTHEMOBILEPLATFORM,SUCHASCOMPLETEUBIQUITYAVAILABILITYATANYTIMEANDANYPLACE,THEHIGHESTLEVELOFPERSONALISATIONWHILEMAINTAININGCLOSECONTACTWITHSOCIALNETWORKS,AND,LOOKINGINTOTHEFUTURE,CONTEXTAWARENESSWITHLOCATIONASACURRENTANDMAINEXAMPLETHEREFORE,THEMOBILEGAMINGSCENARIOISNOLONGERTHATOFADELAYEDORMODESTEXTENSIONOFCONSOLEORPCGAMESRATHER,MOBILEGAMINGISADISTINCTUSEREXPERIENCEWITHANUMBEROFUNEXPLOREDAVENUES3SUPPLYSIDEOFMOBILEGAMING31ACTORSINTHEARENATHEMOBILEECOSYSTEMTHEREAREANUMBEROFDIFFERENTMETHODOLOGIESTOEXPLORETHESUPPLYSIDEOFMOBILECONTENTANDAPPLICATIONSAMONGTHEMOSTRELEVANTAPPROACHESARETHEMODELLINGOFTHEBUSINESSMODELINDETAILBOUWMAN,FABER,HAAKER,KIJL,REUVER,2008,THEINCLUSIONOFDYNAMICSTOIMPROVETHEUNDERSTANDINGOFTHEEVOLUTIONOFBUSINESSMODELSEATON,ELALUFCALDERWOOD,SORENSEN,2010ANDCONCEPTUALISINGTHERELATIONSHIPSTOESTABLISHANEBUSINESSMODELOSTERWALDERPIGNEUR,2010THISARTICLEFOLLOWSTHEECOSYSTEMAPPROACHFRANSMAN,2007,AMOREGENERALTHEORYTHATISNEVERTHELESSABLETOSIMULTANEOUSLYCAPTURETHETECHNICAL,ECONOMICANDINSTITUTIONALRELATIONSHIPSINANEMERGENTDOMAINTHATISNOTYETMATUREENOUGHFORPROPERMODELLINGWITHMORESPECIALISEDMETHODSTHEREFORE,THISMETHODISBETTERSUITEDTOIDENTIFYPOTENTIALPOLICYMEASURESTHEGENERALECOSYSTEMOFTHEMOBILEINDUSTRYISINTRODUCEDINFEIJO′O,MAGHIROS,ABADIE,ANDGO′MEZBARROSO2009THEADAPTATIONFORMOBILEGAMINGISPRESENTEDINFIG1ASSEENINTHEFIGURE,THEMOBILEGAMINGECOSYSTEMFOLLOWSTHECONVENTIONALTHREESTAGEMODELFORDIGITALMASSCONSUMPTION1CREATION/PRODUCTION/PUBLISHING,2DELIVERY/DISTRIBUTION/ACCESSAND3

簡介：4800英文單詞，英文單詞，25500英文字符，中文英文字符，中文8500字文獻出處文獻出處ANGLANOCFORENSICANALYSISOFWHATSAPPMESSENGERONANDROIDSMARTPHONESJDIGITALINVESTIGATION,2014,113201213本科畢業(yè)設計外文文獻及譯文文獻、資料題目FORENSICANALYSISOFWHATSAPPMESSENGERONANDROIDSMARTPHONES文獻、資料來源DIGITALINVESTIGATION文獻、資料發(fā)表（出版）日期2014527院（部）計算機科學與技術學院專業(yè)軟件工程班級軟件姓名學號指導教師翻譯日期2HASUNDOUBTEDLYEXPLODEDINTHEPASTFEWYEARS,MAINLYTHANKSTOTHEPERVASIVENESSOFSMARTPHONES,THATPROVIDEQUITESOPHISTICATEDIMAPPLICATIONSSMARTPHONESINDEEDENABLEUSERSTOEXPLOITTHEIRDATACONNECTIONTOACCESSIMSERVICESANYWHEREANDANYTIME,THUSELIMINATINGTHECOSTSUSUALLYCHARGEDBYMOBILEOPERATORSFORSIMILARSERVICESEG,FORSMSCOMMUNICATIONGIVENTHEIRPOPULARITY,IMSERVICESAREBEINGINCREASINGLYUSEDNOTONLYFORLEGITIMATEACTIVITIES,BUTALSOFORILLICITONESTHEUNITEDNATIONSOFFICEONDRUGSANDCRIME,2013CRIMINALSMAYINDEEDUSETHEMEITHERTOCOMMUNICATEWITHPOTENTIALVICTIMS,ORWITHOTHERCRIMINALSTOESCAPEINTERCEPTIONBELLOVINETAL,2013THEREFORE,IMAPPLICATIONSHAVETHEPOTENTIALOFBEINGAVERYRICHSOURCEOFEVIDENTIARYINFORMATIONINMOSTINVESTIGATIONSAMONGIMAPPLICATIONSFORSMARTPHONES,WHATSAPPWHATSAPPINC,2013ISACCREDITEDTOBETHEMOSTWIDESPREADONEREPORTEDLYWINKLER,2013,ITHASOVER400MILLIONACTIVEUSERSTHATEXCHANGE,ONAVERAGE,MORETHAN31BILLIONMESSAGESPERDAY,325MILLIONSOFWHICHAREPHOTOSOLIVAREZGILES,2013GIVENITSRECENTACQUISITIONBYFACEBOOK,ITISREASONABLETOEXPECTAFURTHERGROWTHINITSDIFFUSIONTHEREFORE,THEANALYSISOFWHATSAPPMESSENGER,THECLIENTOFWHATSAPPTHATRUNSONSMARTPHONES,HASRECENTLYRAISEDTHEINTERESTOFTHEDIGITALFORENSICSCOMMUNITYTHAKUR,2013MAHAJANETAL,2013TSOETAL,2012INTHISPAPERWEDEALWITHTHEFORENSICANALYSISOFWHATSAPPMESSENGERONANDROIDSMARTPHONESANDROIDUSERS,INDEED,ARGUABLYREPRESENTTHELARGESTPARTOFTHEUSERBASEOFWHATSAPPASOFJAN2014,GOOGLEPLAYSTOREREPORTSANUMBEROFDOWNLOADSINCLUDEDBETWEEN100AND500MILLIONSTHELOWERLIMITHAVINGBEENALREADYHITINNOV2012,OUTOFAPOPULATIONOF400MILLIONSOFUSERSTHUS,BYFOCUSINGONTHEANDROIDPLATFORM,WEMAXIMIZETHEPOTENTIALINVESTIGATIVEIMPACTOFOURWORKSEVERALWORKS,APPEAREDRECENTLYINTHELITERATURETHAKUR,2013MAHAJANETAL,2013,DEALWITHTHESAMEPROBLEMHOWEVER,ASDISCUSSEDLATER,THESEWORKSARELIMITEDINSCOPE,ASTHEYFOCUSONLYONTHERECONSTRUCTIONOFTHECHRONOLOGYOFEXCHANGEDMESSAGES,ANDNEGLECTOTHERIMPORTANTARTIFACTSTHAT,INSTEAD,ARECONSIDEREDINOURWORKMOREPRECISELY,THECONTRIBUTIONSOFTHISPAPERCANBESUMMARIZEDASFOLLOWSWEDISCUSSTHEDECODINGANDTHEINTERPRETATIONOFALLTHEARTIFACTSANDDATAGENERATEDBY