簡(jiǎn)介：1本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）題目邯鄲聚福新村9住宅樓施工圖預(yù)算的編制姓名班號(hào)院（系）專業(yè)工程管理指導(dǎo)教師職稱講師評(píng)閱人職稱2012年6月3摘要施工圖預(yù)算在建筑工程造價(jià)控制中起著重要作用，是考核成本、控制投資和竣工驗(yàn)收的重要依據(jù)。現(xiàn)階段，我國(guó)建筑工程預(yù)算的編制主要包括工程量清單計(jì)價(jià)和定額計(jì)價(jià)。隨著我國(guó)投資管理體制和建筑行業(yè)管理體制的改革，工程量清單計(jì)價(jià)逐漸成為施工招投標(biāo)、過程控制、竣工結(jié)算和合同價(jià)調(diào)整的重要依據(jù),其模式的適用性和可操作性日益凸顯，廣泛應(yīng)用于我國(guó)當(dāng)前工程建設(shè)領(lǐng)域。本文在介紹施工圖預(yù)算和工程量清單計(jì)價(jià)模式的基礎(chǔ)上，以某住宅樓土建工程為案例，編制了該住宅樓在清單計(jì)價(jià)模式下的施工圖預(yù)算。通過收集熟悉相關(guān)資料文件，確定清單項(xiàng)目，依據(jù)清單項(xiàng)目及計(jì)算規(guī)則計(jì)算工程量，然后依據(jù)地區(qū)定額和計(jì)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)組價(jià)，確定各分部分項(xiàng)工程的綜合單價(jià)，最后匯總分部分項(xiàng)工程費(fèi)，計(jì)算措施項(xiàng)目費(fèi)、其他項(xiàng)目費(fèi)、規(guī)費(fèi)、和稅金，最終確定單位工程造價(jià)。關(guān)鍵詞施工圖預(yù)算；工程量清單計(jì)價(jià)關(guān)鍵詞施工圖預(yù)算；工程量清單計(jì)價(jià)

簡(jiǎn)介：I摘要本設(shè)計(jì)是大慶地區(qū)的一高層板式住宅。主體十四層，一梯兩戶，總建筑面積630952M2。設(shè)計(jì)包括部分，建筑設(shè)計(jì)和結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。建筑設(shè)計(jì)部分包括總體布局、平面與豎向交通、建筑朝向與選型以及防火和疏散要求。主要進(jìn)行了建筑設(shè)計(jì)構(gòu)思，平面布局、立面設(shè)計(jì)、剖面設(shè)計(jì)以及防火和疏散設(shè)計(jì)。該設(shè)計(jì)平面布局合理、滿足功能要求。結(jié)構(gòu)計(jì)算較全面、詳實(shí)。滿足設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書的要求。結(jié)構(gòu)采用剪力墻結(jié)構(gòu)體系。結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)包括荷載計(jì)算（重力荷載、風(fēng)荷載、水平地震荷載）剪力墻、雨篷、樓板，以及基礎(chǔ)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算和結(jié)構(gòu)配筋，在結(jié)構(gòu)計(jì)算中，地震作用采用底部剪力法。在荷載內(nèi)力計(jì)算的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)行了內(nèi)力組合，取最不利荷載進(jìn)行了配筋計(jì)算。在配筋計(jì)算中，考慮了構(gòu)造和抗震要求，并進(jìn)行了相應(yīng)的構(gòu)造配筋，計(jì)算結(jié)果較準(zhǔn)確。關(guān)鍵詞住宅；結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)；剪力墻結(jié)構(gòu)III目錄第1章建筑設(shè)計(jì)建筑設(shè)計(jì)111高層住宅特點(diǎn)112總體布局213平面交通214豎向交通215建筑物的朝向216戶型設(shè)計(jì)3第2章結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)721結(jié)構(gòu)選型及幾何特征計(jì)算722荷載計(jì)算1623水平地震作用計(jì)算2024風(fēng)荷載作用下結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)力的計(jì)算3225豎向荷載作用下結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)力計(jì)算3626內(nèi)力組合4427剪力墻截面的設(shè)計(jì)5028板的計(jì)算5929樁基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)61210樓梯的設(shè)計(jì)65結(jié)論69參考參考文獻(xiàn)70致謝71

簡(jiǎn)介：此文檔是畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯成品（含英文原文中文翻譯），無需調(diào)整復(fù)雜的格式下載之后直接可用，方便快捷本文價(jià)格不貴,也就幾十塊錢一輩子也就一次的事外文標(biāo)題INTELLIGENTRESIDENTIALSECURITYALARMANDREMOTECONTROLSYSTEMBASEDONSINGLECHIPCOMPUTER外文作者LIUZHENYA,WANGZHENDONG,CHENRONG,文獻(xiàn)出處20183RDIEEECONFERENCEONINDUSTRIALELECTRONICSANDAPPLICATIONS如覺得年份太老，可改為近2年，畢竟很多畢業(yè)生都這樣做英文1831單詞，11975字符字符就是印刷符，中文3007漢字。INTELLIGENTRESIDENTIALSECURITYALARMANDREMOTECONTROLSYSTEMBASEDONSINGLECHIPCOMPUTERABSTRACTTHISPAPERPRESENTSINTELLIGENTRESIDENTIALBURGLARALARM,EMERGENCYALARM,FIREALARM,TOXICGASLEAKAGEREMOTEAUTOMATICSOUNDALARMANDREMOTECONTROLSYSTEM,WHICHISBASEDON89C51SINGLECHIPCOMPUTERTHESYSTEMCANBEAUTOMATICALARM,AUTOMATICCALLINGTHEPOLICEHOTLINENUMBERITCANBEUSEDVOICEALARMANDSHOWALARMOCCURREDADDRESSITCANSETUPANDMODIFYUSERPASSWORDITCANBERECORDABLEANDVOICESUGGESTIONITCANBEUSEDTELEPHONEREMOTECONTROLELECTRICALPOWERTHEALARMSYSTEMHASDESIGNINNOVATION,MULTIPLYFUNCTION,LOWCOST,HIGHRELIABILITYANDSOONIINTRODUCTIONWITHTHECOMPUTERTECHNOLOGYANDCONTROLTECHNOLOGYANDCOMMUNICATIONALTECHNOLOGY’SDEVELOPMENT,PEOPLE’SLIVINGSTANDARDHASIMPROVEDINCREASINGLYPEOPLESLIVINGCONDITIONSHAVECHANGED,SUCHASTHELIVINGENVIRONMENT’SSECURITYANDHOWCOMFORTABLETHEYFEELSOTHEINTELLIGENTRESIDENTIALBUILDING’SAUTOMATICEMERGEASTHETIMESREQUIREINTELLIGENTRESIDENTIALMUSTHAVESAFETYPRECAUTIONS,ANTITHEFTALARM,FIREALARM,TOXICGASLEAKAGEAUTOMATICALARMANDEMERGENCYCALLITISCIRCUIT,TELEPHONEINTERFACE,VOICECIRCUIT,DTMFCODECCIRCUIT,TELEPHONESIGNALDETECTIONCIRCUITANDTHEMAINCONTROLCIRCUITEACHMODULEISDESCRIBEDASFOLLOWSFIG1SYSTEMARCHITECTURECHARTADETECTINGCIRCUITTHEPARTCIRCUITISASTHEDETECTIONPARTOFTHEWHOLESYSTEM,USEDTODETECTTHEFTCASE,FIRE,TOXICGASLEAKAGEANDEMERGENCYCALLSIGNALSTHEFTPROOFDETECTIONISTOCOMPLETETHROUGHPYROELECTRICINFRAREDSENSORSENSORSAREINSTALLEDONTHEBALCONY,WINDOWSANDOTHERPLACEWHERETHIEVESAREEASYTOENTERTHEPARTCIRCUITISATTHEREADYSTATEUNDERNORMALCIRCUMSTANCESENSORSCATCHTHEFTINFORMATIONWHENSOMEONEENTERSTHESCOPEOFTHESURVEILLANCETHEN,WIRELESSMODULEWILLSENDTHEINFORMATIONTOTHE89C51SINGLECHIPCOMPUTERTHEDETECTIONOFFIREANDTOXICGASISTOCOMPLETEBYTHECORRESPONDINGDETECTIONSENSORS,EMERGENCYCALLSIGNALISSENTFROMUSERHANDHOLDREMOTECONTROLBWIRELESSTRANSMITTERRECEIVERCIRCUITTHETRANSMITTINGANDRECEIVINGCIRCUITOFTHEPARTMAKESUSEOFCMOSMANUFACTURINGPROCESSPRODUCEDBYALOWCOSTPT2262/PT2272WIRELESSREMOTECONTROLMODULETHEOPERATINGFREQUENCYOFITIS2MHZANDTHECOMMUNICATIONDISTANCEOFITIS100METERSABOVEUNDERNORMALCIRCUMSTANCES,TRANSMITTINGANDRECEIVINGMODULESAREINDORMANTSTATUSTHEMODULEISINNONDORMANTSTATUSWHENBEINDANGER,THENCODEDSIGNALISTRANSMITTEDTHERECEIVINGMODULEHASRECEIVEDHIGHFREQUENCYSIGNALDECODE,GENERATINGINTERRUPTSIGNALATTHESAMETIME

簡(jiǎn)介：字?jǐn)?shù)英文字?jǐn)?shù)英文35933593單詞，單詞，2119621196字符；中文字符；中文61686168漢字漢字出處出處EAEAHOPKINS,DCHOPKINS,DCREAD,RCREAD,RCGOSSPROMOTINGGOSSPROMOTINGSUSTAINABILITYSUSTAINABILITYININTHETHEUNITEDUNITEDSTATESSTATESMULTIFAMILYMULTIFAMILYPROPERTYPROPERTYMANAGEMENTMANAGEMENTINDUSTRYJJOURNALINDUSTRYJJOURNALOFOFHOUSINGHOUSINGANDANDTHETHEBUILTBUILTENVIRONMENT2016,322116ENVIRONMENT2016,322116外文文獻(xiàn)外文文獻(xiàn)PROMOTINGSUSTAINABILITYINTHEUNITEDSTATESMULTIFAMILYPROPERTYMANAGEMENTINDUSTRYABSTRACTEFFORTSTOPROMOTEENVIRONMENTALSUSTAINABILITYINTHEREALESTATEINDUSTRYCONTINUETOPROLIFERATETHROUGHOUTTHEUNITEDSTATESINRESPONSETOBOTHECONOMICANDSOCIALFORCESTHISTRENDHASRECEIVEDACONSIDERABLEAMOUNTOFATTENTIONINTHEACADEMICLITERATURE,YETRELATIVELYLITTLEISKNOWNABOUTTHEIMPORTANCEOFSUSTAINABILITYTOTHIRDPARTYPROPERTYMANAGEMENTFIRMSOPERATINGINTHEMULTIFAMILYSECTOROFTHEHOUSINGMARKETFORTHOSEINTERESTEDINPROMOTINGSUSTAINABILITY,ANIMPORTANTQUESTIONTHATARISESISWHETHERBARRIERSTOENVIRONMENTALLYFRIENDLYBUSINESSPRACTICESCOMMONLYOBSERVEDTHROUGHOUTTHEHOUSINGINDUSTRYEXTENDTOTHEMARKETFORTHIRDPARTYPROPERTYMANAGEMENTSERVICESASECONDQUESTIONOFEQUALRELEVANCEFOCUSESONDETERMININGWHATSUSTAINABILITYINITIATIVESTHIRDPARTYPROPERTYMANAGEMENTFIRMSAREACTUALLYUSINGINTHEIREFFORTSTOPROCURENEWCLIENTSORRETAINEXISTINGONESTHEQUALITATIVEANALYSISPRESENTEDINTHISPAPERISONEOFTHEFIRSTTOTHEAUTHORS’KNOWLEDGETOEXPLORETHIRDPARTYPROPERTYMANAGERS’PERCEPTIONSABOUTSUSTAINABILITYINANATTEMPTTOADDRESSTHEAFOREMENTIONEDISSUESTHEFINDINGSOFTHISSTUDYSUPPORTTWOOVERARCHINGCONCLUSIONSFIRST,SUSTAINABILITYISINCREASINGLYBEINGPROMOTEDBYLARGE,THIRDPARTYPROPERTYMANAGEMENTFIRMSINTHEMULTIFAMILYHOUSINGINDUSTRYNONETHELESS,NUMEROUSBARRIERSAREPERCEIVEDTOEXISTTHATMAYIMPINGEUPONFUTUREEFFORTSTOFORTHOSEINTERESTEDINPROMOTINGSUSTAINABILITY,ANIMPORTANTQUESTIONTHATARISESISWHETHERBARRIERSTOENVIRONMENTALLYFRIENDLYBUSINESSPRACTICESCOMMONLYOBSERVEDTHROUGHOUTTHEHOUSINGINDUSTRYEXTENDTOTHEMARKETFORTHIRDPARTYPROPERTYMANAGEMENTSERVICESNOTABLEEXAMPLESINCLUDEARELUCTANCETOEMBRACENEWTECHNOLOGIES,CONCERNSABOUTIMPLEMENTATIONCOSTS,SKEPTICISMREGARDINGCONSUMERDEMAND,ANDALACKOFCLEARDEFINITIONSANDCOMMUNICATIVEFRAMEWORKSASECONDQUESTIONOFEQUALRELEVANCEFOCUSESONDETERMININGWHATSUSTAINABILITYINITIATIVESTHIRDPARTYPROPERTYMANAGEMENTFIRMSAREACTUALLYUSINGINTHEIREFFORTSTOPROCURENEWCLIENTSANDRETAINEXISTINGONESGAININGABETTERUNDERSTANDINGOFTHESEPRACTICESISANTICIPATEDTOSHEDLIGHTONWHETHERSUSTAINABILITYAGENDASAREVIEWEDASANEFFECTIVEWAYTOIMPROVETHEOPERATIONALEFFICIENCYOFMULTIFAMILYPROPERTIESORSIMPLYASAMEANSOFSATISFYINGTHECORPORATESOCIALRESPONSIBILITYCOMMITMENTSOFINSTITUTIONALREALESTATEOWNERSTHEQUALITATIVEANALYSISPRESENTEDINTHISPAPERISONEOFTHEFIRSTTOTHEAUTHORS’KNOWLEDGETOEXPLORETHIRDPARTYPROPERTYMANAGERS’PERCEPTIONSABOUTSUSTAINABILITYINANATTEMPTTOADDRESSTHEAFOREMENTIONEDISSUESASERIESOFSEMISTRUCTUREDINTERVIEWSARECONDUCTEDWITHEXECUTIVESREPRESENTINGSOMEOFTHEMOSTPROMINENTFIRMSINTHEMULTIFAMILYHOUSINGINDUSTRYTOCOMPLETETHETASKTHOSEPARTICIPATINGINTHERESEARCHAREASKEDTOASSESSTHEIMPORTANCEOFSUSTAINABILITYTOTHEIRCLIENTS,ASWELLASTOIDENTIFYANYSUSTAINABLEMANAGEMENTPRACTICESCURRENTLYBEINGUSEDINTHEBUSINESSDEVELOPMENTPROCESSTODIFFERENTIATETHEIRFIRMSFROMCOMPETITORSTHEPAPERBEGINSWITHADISCUSSIONOFTHEPROPERTYMANAGER’SROLEINPROMOTINGSUSTAINABILITYNEXT,CONSISTENTBARRIERSENCOUNTEREDINIMPLEMENTATIONOFSUSTAINABILITYINITIATIVESINTHEHOUSINGANDRENTALHOUSINGINDUSTRIESAREREVIEWEDANOVERVIEWOFTHEDATAANDMETHODOLOGYUSEDTOEXAMINETHEEXTENTWHICHFIRMSPROMOTESUSTAINABILITYINTHEIRBUSINESSDEVELOPMENTPROCESSISPRESENTEDNEXTTHISISFOLLOWEDBYASUMMARYOFTHEINTERVIEWRESULTSANDANANALYSISOFTHESERESULTSTHEPAPERCONCLUDESWITHKEYFINDINGSOFTHESTUDY,RESEARCHLIMITATIONS,ANDISSUESINNEEDOFFURTHERANALYSIS

簡(jiǎn)介：ARTICLEPROMOTINGSUSTAINABILITYINTHEUNITEDSTATESMULTIFAMILYPROPERTYMANAGEMENTINDUSTRYERINAHOPKINS1DUSTINCREAD1ROSEMARYCARUCCIGOSS1RECEIVED16JULY2015/ACCEPTED17MAY2016?SPRINGERSCIENCEBUSINESSMEDIADORDRECHT2016ABSTRACTEFFORTSTOPROMOTEENVIRONMENTALSUSTAINABILITYINTHEREALESTATEINDUSTRYCONTINUETOPROLIFERATETHROUGHOUTTHEUNITEDSTATESINRESPONSETOBOTHECONOMICANDSOCIALFORCESTHISTRENDHASRECEIVEDACONSIDERABLEAMOUNTOFATTENTIONINTHEACADEMICLITERATURE,YETRELATIVELYLITTLEISKNOWNABOUTTHEIMPORTANCEOFSUSTAINABILITYTOTHIRDPARTYPROPERTYMANAGEMENTFIRMSOPERATINGINTHEMULTIFAMILYSECTOROFTHEHOUSINGMARKETFORTHOSEINTERESTEDINPROMOTINGSUSTAINABILITY,ANIMPORTANTQUESTIONTHATARISESISWHETHERBARRIERSTOENVIRONMENTALLYFRIENDLYBUSINESSPRACTICESCOMMONLYOBSERVEDTHROUGHOUTTHEHOUSINGINDUSTRYEXTENDTOTHEMARKETFORTHIRDPARTYPROPERTYMANAGEMENTSERVICESASECONDQUESTIONOFEQUALRELEVANCEFOCUSESONDETERMININGWHATSUSTAINABILITYINITIATIVESTHIRDPARTYPROPERTYMANAGEMENTFIRMSAREACTUALLYUSINGINTHEIREFFORTSTOPROCURENEWCLIENTSORRETAINEXISTINGONESTHEQUALITATIVEANALYSISPRESENTEDINTHISPAPERISONEOFTHEFIRSTTOTHEAUTHORS’KNOWLEDGETOEXPLORETHIRDPARTYPROPERTYMANAGERS’PERCEPTIONSABOUTSUSTAINABILITYINANATTEMPTTOADDRESSTHEAFOREMENTIONEDISSUESTHEFINDINGSOFTHISSTUDYSUPPORTTWOOVERARCHINGCONCLUSIONSFIRST,SUSTAINABILITYISINCREASINGLYBEINGPROMOTEDBYLARGE,THIRDPARTYPROPERTYMANAGEMENTFIRMSINTHEMULTIFAMILYHOUSINGINDUSTRYNONETHELESS,NUMEROUSBARRIERSAREPERCEIVEDTOEXISTTHATMAYIMPINGEUPONFUTUREEFFORTSTOREDUCETHEENVIRONMENTALIMPACTOFTHERENTALHOUSINGSTOCKSECOND,SOMEFIRMSAPPEARTOBEBETTERPOSITIONEDTHANOTHERSTOTAKEADVANTAGEOFSUSTAINABILITYINITIATIVESASARESULTOFTHETYPESOFPROPERTIESTHEYMANAGEANDTHECHARACTERISTICSOFTHEOWNERSTHEYREPRESENTKEYWORDSBUSINESSSTRATEGY?ENVIRONMENTALSUSTAINABILITY?GREENBUILDINGS?MULTIFAMILYHOUSING?PROPERTYMANAGEMENTMODIFYINGAPARTMENTLEASESTRUCTURESTOREALIGNTHEALLOCATIONOFCOSTSANDBENEFITSAMONGTHEPARTIESINVOLVEDANDINVESTINGINHUMANCAPITALTOINCREASEAWARENESSOFENVIRONMENTALCONCERNSFIRSTANDFOREMOST,THIRDPARTYPROPERTYMANAGERSCANEMPOWERTHEOWNERSTHEYWORKFORTOMAKEMORESUSTAINABLEBUSINESSDECISIONSBYPROVIDINGTHEMWITHINFORMATIONSINCETHESEPROFESSIONALSCONTROLGRANULARDATAMEASURINGTHEOPERATIONALEFFICIENCYOFTHEREALESTATEASSETSTHEYMANAGE,THEYCANPOTENTIALLYENCOURAGEOWNERSTOINVESTINCAPITALIMPROVEMENTSPROMOTINGRESOURCECONSERVATIONANDOTHERENVIRONMENTALLYFAVORABLEOUTCOMESIFTHEYCANCLEARLYILLUSTRATETHERESULTANTFINANCIALBENEFITSWAICHUNGLAI2006KYRO¨ETAL2012PROPERTYMANAGERSCANALSOPROVIDETHEIRCLIENTSWITHINFORMATIONABOUTTHERENTANDSALESPREMIUMSTHATCANPOTENTIALLYBEACHIEVEDASARESULTOFENVIRONMENTALLYFRIENDLYDESIGNFEATURESANDPROGRAMMINGZIEBAETAL2013MULTIPLESTUDIESSHOWTHATGREENBUILDINGSOFTENCOMMANDHIGHERRENTSANDSALESPRICESTHANCONVENTIONALBUILDINGSEICHHOLTZETAL2010FUERSTANDMCALLISTER2011MILLERETAL2008PROPERTYMANAGERSCANALSOADVISETHEIRCLIENTSABOUTTHEADVANTAGESOFFEREDBYENVIRONMENTALLYFRIENDLYLEASESTHEPROVISIONSINCLUDEDINTHESELEASESIMPOSEFEWDIRECTCOSTSONREALESTATEOWNERS,WHILEGENERATINGENVIRONMENTALBENEFITSBYREQUIRINGTENANTSTOENGAGEINSUSTAINABLEBEHAVIORSSUCHASUSINGPUBLICTRANSPORTATION,COMPOSTINGORPARTICIPATINGINRECYCLINGPROGRAMSCAULFIELD2015FOREXAMPLE,AGREENLEASECOULDINCLUDEANENERGYEFFICIENCYUPGRADECLAUSEWHERETENANTSAGREETOHAVEINCREASEDMONTHLYRENTSTOCOVERTHESECOSTSBESIDESTHEOBVIOUSENVIRONMENTALBENEFITS,THISCANBEMUTUALLYBENEFICIALTOTHETENANTANDOWNERASTHEOWNERCANRECEIVEARETURNONHISORHERINVESTMENTANDTHETENANT’SOVERALLRENTALEXPENSESCANBELOWEREDIFTHEMONTHLYENERGYSAVINGSAREHIGHERTHANTHEMONTHLYRENTINCREASESPUR2009FINALLY,THIRDPARTYPROPERTYMANAGEMENTFIRMSCANWORKTOENSURESITEMANAGERSANDMAINTENANCESTAFFAREAPPROPRIATELYTRAINEDINSUSTAINABLEPRACTICESANDPROCEDURESSUCHTRAININGHASBEENSHOWNTOEFFECTTHEPRIORITIESOFREALESTATEPRACTITIONERS,ASWELLASTHEIRCOMMITMENTTOSUSTAINABILITYKYRO¨ETAL2012SAHAANDPATERSON2008OLADOKUN2010ONEWAYTOIMPLEMENTTHISTRAININGISTHROUGHANENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENTSYSTEMEMSANEMSISACOMPREHENSIVEENVIRONMENTALPROGRAMADDRESSINGENVIRONMENTALPROMOTINGSUSTAINABILITYINTHEUNITEDSTATESMULTIFAMILY123

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TSISCOMPAREDWITHDATAFROMAREALENERGYDATA,INTHISCASEABILLTHISSOMESORT,SERVEASAVALIDATIONOFTHEWHOLECOMPUTATION4BUILDINGINFORMATIONMODELLINGWHATISITCONSTRUCTIONPROJECTSAREBECOMINGMORECOMPLEXANDDIFFICULTTOMANAGE12,21,62ANDASTECHNOLOGYDEVELOPS,MORECONSTRUCTIONPROFESSIONALSAREFAMILIARISINGTHEMSELVESWITHBIMTHISHASLEDTOADRAMATICSHIFTINATTENTIONTOWARDSTHECONCEPTOFBIMBYTHECONSTRUCTIONINDUSTRYBIMISCURRENTLYTHEMOSTCOMMONDENOMINATIONFORANEWWAYOFAPPROACHINGTHEDESIGN,CONSTRUCTIONANDMAINTENANCEOFBUILDINGS16ITISTHECREATIONANDUSEOFCOORDINATED,CONSISTENT,COMPUTABLEINFORMATIONABOUTABUILDINGPROJECTINFORMATIONTHATISPARAMETRICANDTHATCANBEUSEDFORDESIGNDECISIONMAKING,PRODUCTIONOFHIGHQUALITYCONSTRUCTIONDOCUMENTS,PREDICTIONOFBUILDINGPERFORMANCE,COSTESTIMATINGANDCONSTRUCTION

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簡(jiǎn)介：1700英文單詞，英文單詞，9200英文字符，中文英文字符，中文2600字文獻(xiàn)出處文獻(xiàn)出處LARIONOVA,LARIONOVAYPROSPECTSFORUNDERGROUNDPARKINGLOTSARRANGEMENTATTHECONSTRUCTIONOFMOSCOWREGIONRESIDENTIALPROPERTYJPROCEDIAENGINEERING,2016,16513281331PROSPECTSFORUNDERGROUNDPARKINGLOTSARRANGEMENTATTHECONSTRUCTIONOFMOSCOWREGIONRESIDENTIALPROPERTYARKADIYLARIONOV,YULIALARIONOVAABSTRACTTHISARTICLEISDEDICATEDTODETERMINATIONOFTHEDEVELOPMENTPECULIARITIESOFTHECURRENTMOSCOWREGIONRESIDENTIALPROPERTYMARKETITISADVISEDTOCONSIDERMOSCOWANDTHEMOSCOWOBLASTASAUNIFIEDMOSCOWREGIONWITHTHECOINCIDINGANDORCORRESPONDINGAIMSANDTASKSFORTOWNPLANNINGDEVELOPMENTITWASPROVEDTHATNOWADAYSITISNECESSARYTOBUILDRESIDENTIALPROPERTYANDPROVIDERESIDENTIALAREASWITHTHEREQUIREDPARKINGLOTSFORDWELLERS’COMFORTTHEARTICLESHOWSTHEADVANTAGESANDDISADVANTAGESOFUNDERGROUNDPARKINGLOTSARRANGEMENTATRESIDENTIALPROPERTYCONSTRUCTION,INCLUDINGTHEPROBLEMSATTHEIRCOMMISSIONINGHEREISPROVEDTHEPROSPECTOFUNDERGROUNDPARKINGLOTSARRANGEMENTINRESIDENTIALAREASKEYWORDSUNDERGROUNDPARKINGLOTS,RESIDENTIALPROPERTYMARKET,MOSCOWREGION,CONSTRUCTIONOFRESIDENTIALPROPERTY,RESIDENTIALPROPERTY,METROPOLIS1INTRODUCTIONTHECARCASSOFTHEMODERNMETROPOLIS,ALARGEREGION,INCLUDESNOTONLYLANDSCAPEDANDCOMFORTABLERESIDENTIALPROPERTY,BUTALSOSTREETANDROADNETWORKWHICHISDIRECTLYCONNECTEDWITHTHEDIFFICULTIESOFDEVELOPMENTANDUSEOFTHEUNDERGROUNDTERRITORYDURINGRESIDENTIALPROPERTYCONSTRUCTION,THETRANSPORTATIONSYSTEMOFTHEUNDERGROUNDINFRASTRUCTUREMUSTINCLUDETHEFACILITIESRELATEDTOSTORAGEANDMAINTENANCEOFVEHICLESPARKINGLOTSFORPERMANENTSTORAGEOFVEHICLESANDPARKINGLOTSFORGUESTSINVESTMENTACTIVITYINTHERESIDENTIALPROPERTYCONSTRUCTIONISMARKEDBYHIGHEFFICIENCYDEMANDFORRESIDENTIALPROPERTYINTHERUSSIANFEDERATIONANDINTHEMOSCOWREGION,INPARTICULAR,ISFARFROMBEINGGLUTTEDTHATISWHYRESIDENTIALPROPERTYWILLALWAYSREMAININDEMANDTHEREISANOTHERQUESTIONOFWHATKINDOFRESIDENTIALPROPERTYANDHOWMUCHOFITISREQUIREDBYTHEPOPULATIONATTHEMOMENT,ASWELLASFORMIDTERMANDLONGTERMPERSPECTIVEBESIDESTHIS,ITISNOTENOUGHTOCONSTRUCTRESIDENTIALPROPERTYUNDERMODERNCONDITIONS,ITISNECESSARYTOPROVIDERESIDENTIALAREASWITHTHEREQUIREDINFRASTRUCTUREANDBEGINWITHPARKINGLOTSUNDERGROUNDPARKINGLOTSMUSTBEARRANGEDONTHEFLOORSWITHTHEFLOORLINEBELOWTHEGRADEELEVATIONBYMORETHANHALFOFTHEPREMISESHEIGHTTHEYAREUSUALLYARRANGEDATTHERESIDENTIALCONSTRUCTIONDIRECTLYUNDERTHEBUILDINGSTRUCTUREORATSEPARATENONDEVELOPEDCOURTAREAS,UNDERDRIVEWAYS,PASSAGES,SQUARES,PUBLICGARDENS,LAWNSORPARKSASSEPARATESTRUCTURESINTHISCASETHEYMUSTBEARRANGEDATAMINIMUMDISTANCEFROMTHERESIDENTIALPROPERTY,ACCORDINGTOTHESANITARYRULES1,2,3,4,5,6AND7UNDERGROUNDPARKINGLOTSAREMOREEXPENSIVETHANABOVEGROUNDANDTHEIROPERATIONHASSOMEDIFFICULTIES,WITHTHEMAINONECONNECTEDWITHVENTILATIONENHANCEHOWEVER,UNDERTHECONDITIONOFDENSEDISTRICTS,THEIRCONSTRUCTIONISJUSTIFIEDECONOMICALLYANDBYREASONOFGENERALMETROPOLISPLANNINGMODERNUNDERGROUNDPARKINGLOTSARECONSTRUCTEDFOR250300CARSTHENUMBEROFLEVELSCANREACH7,ANDTHEFLOORDEPTHOFTHELOWERENVIRONMENTISACOMBINATIONOFTIMEANDSPACEOFACTIONOFTHEECONOMICENTITIES,THEBEAREROFREALLYOBJECTIVEANDREALLYSUBJECTIVE,IDEAL,MATERIALANDMANAGERIALHEREWITH,SOCIALANDECONOMICARENONSEPARABLEPEOPLEANDNATUREALWAYSWORKFORBALANCETENDENCY12,P61WESHOULDCONSIDERUPTODATETHESTATEMENTOFVDUDKINTHATMARKET,INITSQUITEDEVELOPEDFORM,APPEARSASACHAINOFINDEPENDENTCOMPETINGANDPERSONIFIEDINTERESTS,ASTHESYSTEMOFTHEIRINTERATTRACTIONANDREPULSION,ASAHISTORICALPHENOMENON,BUTNOTANATURALONEWITHTHECHANGEOFTHEECONOMICTYPEANDTHESYSTEMOFPUBLICPRODUCTION,CHANGESTHETYPEOFTHEMARKETCONTROLMECHANISM13,P41THESECONDPECULIARITYOFTHEMOSCOWREGIONRESIDENTIALPROPERTYMARKET,ASWETHINK,ISSIGNIFICANTFLUCTUATIONSOFPOPULATIONEFFECTUALDEMANDINDIFFERENTSEGMENTS,ANDITSDISBALANCEWITHSUPPLYINGENERAL,THEPRICESINTHEMOSCOWREGIONRESIDENTIALPROPERTYMARKETARECHARACTERIZEDBYTHESITUATIONOFA“SOAPBUBBLE”,ASWELLASINTHEFOREIGNRESIDENTIALPROPERTYMARKETS14,15,16WETHINK17,18,THATTHEREASONISINTHELACKOFUNDERSTANDINGBYTHEMARKETPARTICIPANTSOFTHECURRENTSITUATIONANDTHESTRATEGYFORTHERESIDENTIALPROPERTYMARKETDEVELOPMENTFORAMIDTERMANDLONGTERMPERSPECTIVEINTHISTERRITORYINTHISREGARD,NOWADAYSPARKINGREPRESENTSTHEMOSTIMPORTANTELEMENTOFINFRASTRUCTUREOFANYURBANFACILITY,INCLUDINGARESIDENTIALHOUSEORACOMPLEXHEREWITH,THECOSTOFIMMOVABLEPROPERTYWILLDIRECTLYDEPENDONTHECHARACTERISTICSANDCAPACITYOFTHEPARKINGLOTTHEADVANTAGESOFUNDERGROUNDPARKINGLOTSAREOBVIOUSTHEYSAVEFREESPACE,CANBEARRANGEDUNDERROADSANDBUILDINGS,BUTSANITARYANDHYGIENICREQUIREMENTSTOTHEIRLOCATIONAREMUCHSOFTERIFCOMPAREDTOTHENORMSFORABOVEGROUNDPARKINGLOTSANDGARAGESBESIDESTHIS,UNDERGROUNDPARKINGLOTSMAKEITPOSSIBLETOSAVEENERGY,DECREASINGITSCONSUMPTIONBYCONSTANTUNDERGROUNDAIRTEMPERATUREINCASEOFGOODHEATINSULATIONOFTHEBUILDINGAMONGTHEDISADVANTAGESOFUNDERGROUNDPARKINGLOTSISHIGHCOSTOFTHEIRCONSTRUCTIONONTHEOTHERHAND,DESIGNOFANUNDERGROUNDPARKINGMAKESITPOSSIBLETOUSETHEREMAININGAREAFORRESIDENTIAL,OFFICEANDTRADEAIMSDEVELOPINGCENTRALDISTRICTSOFTHECITY,UNDERGROUNDPARKINGSHOULDBEPREFERREDFORANUMBEROFREASONS19,P182DURINGTHEDESIGNOFUNDERGROUNDPARKINGLOTS,SHOULDBEMETTHEFOLLOWINGREQUIREMENTSNECESSITYTOSTUDYTHESTRUCTUREANDPECULIARITIESOFSOILATGREATDEPTH,FORECASTOFPOSSIBLECHANGESINTHESOILMASSANDHYDROGEOLOGICALCONDITIONS,ASWELLASEXAMINATIONOFTHEFOUNDATIONSOFTHENEARBYDEVELOPMENT,DETERMINEGREATINCREASEINTHEAREA,VOLUMEANDDETAILOFENGINEERINGANDGEOLOGICALRESEARCHDESIGNCONCEPTSANDTECHNOLOGYFORCONSTRUCTIONOFUNDERGROUNDFACILITIESMUSTPROVIDESAFETYANDNORMALOPERATIONCONDITIONSFORNEARBYABOVEGROUNDANDUNDERGROUNDFACILITIES,ESPECIALLY,HISTORICALBUILDINGSTODOTHIS,ITISNECESSARYTOIMPLEMENTMATHEMATICALMODELINGOFTHECHANGESINTHESTRAINSTRESSSTATEOFTHESOILMASS19,P185HEREWITH,LONGTERMOBSERVATIONSOFBVLYAPIDEVSKY,AKSHERSTNEVANDSNSAMUSEVOVERTHECONDITIONOFUNDERGROUNDFACILITIESHAVESHOWNTHATTHEMAINPROBLEMDURINGTHEOPERATIONISUNSAFEWATERISOLATIONANDAPPEARANCEOFLEAKAGESLEADINGTODESTRUCTIONOFTHELOADBEARINGSTRUCTURESINTHISREGARD,DURINGTHEDESIGN,CONSTRUCTIONANDOPERATIONOFUNDERGROUNDGARAGES,SPECIALATTENTIONSHOULDBEPAIDTOTHEWAYOFARRANGEMENTOFWATERISOLATINGSYSTEMSDEPENDINGONTHERESULTSOFENGINEERINGRESEARCH19,P1854CONCLUSIONUNFORTUNATELY,RUSSIADOESNOTSTILLHAVEAMETHODFOROBJECTIVEEVALUATIONOFECONOMIC

簡(jiǎn)介：PROCEDIAENGINEERING16520161328–133118777058?2016THEAUTHORSPUBLISHEDBYELSEVIERLTDTHISISANOPENACCESSARTICLEUNDERTHECCBYNCNDLICENSEHTTP//CREATIVECOMMONSORG/LICENSES/BYNCND/40/PEERREVIEWUNDERRESPONSIBILITYOFTHESCIENTIFICCOMMITTEEOFTHE15THINTERNATIONALSCIENTIFICCONFERENCE“UNDERGROUNDURBANISATIONASAPREREQUISITEFORSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTDOI101016/JPROENG201611859SCIENCEDIRECTAVAILABLEONLINEATWWWSCIENCEDIRECTCOM15THINTERNATIONALSCIENTIFICCONFERENCE“UNDERGROUNDURBANISATIONASAPREREQUISITEFORSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT”PROSPECTSFORUNDERGROUNDPARKINGLOTSARRANGEMENTATTHECONSTRUCTIONOFMOSCOWREGIONRESIDENTIALPROPERTYARKADIYLARIONOVA,,YULIALARIONOVABANATIONALRESEARCHMOSCOWSTATEUNIVERSITYOFCIVILENGINEERING,YAROSLAVSKOYESH26,MOSCOW,129337,RUSSIABSTATEINSTITUTEOFECONOMICS,FINANCE,LAW,ANDTECHNOLOGY,ROSCHINSKAYASTR5,GATCHINA,188300,RUSSIAABSTRACTTHISARTICLEISDEDICATEDTODETERMINATIONOFTHEDEVELOPMENTPECULIARITIESOFTHECURRENTMOSCOWREGIONRESIDENTIALPROPERTYMARKETITISADVISEDTOCONSIDERMOSCOWANDTHEMOSCOWOBLASTASAUNIFIEDMOSCOWREGIONWITHTHECOINCIDINGANDORCORRESPONDINGAIMSANDTASKSFORTOWNPLANNINGDEVELOPMENTITWASPROVEDTHATNOWADAYSITISNECESSARYTOBUILDRESIDENTIALPROPERTYANDPROVIDERESIDENTIALAREASWITHTHEREQUIREDPARKINGLOTSFORDWELLERS’COMFORTTHEARTICLESHOWSTHEADVANTAGESANDDISADVANTAGESOFUNDERGROUNDPARKINGLOTSARRANGEMENTATRESIDENTIALPROPERTYCONSTRUCTION,INCLUDINGTHEPROBLEMSATTHEIRCOMMISSIONINGHEREISPROVEDTHEPROSPECTOFUNDERGROUNDPARKINGLOTSARRANGEMENTINRESIDENTIALAREAS?2016THEAUTHORSPUBLISHEDBYELSEVIERLTDPEERREVIEWUNDERRESPONSIBILITYOFTHESCIENTIFICCOMMITTEEOFTHE15THINTERNATIONALSCIENTIFICCONFERENCE“UNDERGROUNDURBANISATIONASAPREREQUISITEFORSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTKEYWORDSUNDERGROUNDPARKINGLOTS,RESIDENTIALPROPERTYMARKET,MOSCOWREGION,CONSTRUCTIONOFRESIDENTIALPROPERTY,RESIDENTIALPROPERTY,METROPOLIS1INTRODUCTIONTHECARCASSOFTHEMODERNMETROPOLIS,ALARGEREGION,INCLUDESNOTONLYLANDSCAPEDANDCOMFORTABLERESIDENTIALPROPERTY,BUTALSOSTREETANDROADNETWORKWHICHISDIRECTLYCONNECTEDWITHTHEDIFFICULTIESOFDEVELOPMENTANDUSEOFTHEUNDERGROUNDTERRITORYDURINGRESIDENTIALPROPERTYCONSTRUCTION,THETRANSPORTATIONSYSTEMOFTHEUNDERGROUNDCORRESPONDINGAUTHORTEL79163422340EMAILADDRESSPROFLARIONOVMAILRU?2016THEAUTHORSPUBLISHEDBYELSEVIERLTDTHISISANOPENACCESSARTICLEUNDERTHECCBYNCNDLICENSEHTTP//CREATIVECOMMONSORG/LICENSES/BYNCND/40/PEERREVIEWUNDERRESPONSIBILITYOFTHESCIENTIFICCOMMITTEEOFTHE15THINTERNATIONALSCIENTIFICCONFERENCE“UNDERGROUNDURBANISATIONASAPREREQUISITEFORSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT1330ARKADIYLARIONOVANDYULIALARIONOVA/PROCEDIAENGINEERING16520161328–1331LOTSMUSTAPPEARNEARMOSCOWBYTHEENDOF2016THEIDEAISTHATEVERYCOURT,IFPOSSIBLE,SHOULDHAVEAPARKINGLOTBUTITISOBVIOUSTHATTHESEPLACESWILLNOTBEENOUGH,THATISWHYALLNEWTERRITORIESMUSTHAVEMULTILAYEREDPARKINGLOTSTHEADJACENTTERRITORIESSHOULDHAVEAREASFORVEHICLES,BUTNOTINTHECOURT,BUTONTHEOUTSIDE11HOWEVER,INTHISPROGRAMTHESPEECHISMOSTLYABOUTABOVEGROUNDPARKINGLOTS3RESULTSWETHINKTHATMOSCOWOBLASTRESIDENTIALPROPERTYMARKETTAKESASPECIALPLACEAMONGTHEREGIONALRESIDENTIALPROPERTYMARKETSFIRSTOFALL,ITISCONNECTEDWITHTHEINTERNALMIGRATIONONOURCOUNTRYMOSCOWREGIONMOSCOWANDMOSCOWOBLASTFORMANYDECADESHAVEBEENAKINDOFA“PUMP”PUMPINGOUTOFTHECONSTITUENTENTITIESOFTHERUSSIANFEDERATIONTHEMOSTENERGETIC,STRONGANDFORWARDMINDEDPEOPLETHISISCAUSEDBYTHEFACTTHATONTHEONEHAND,REGIONALELITEDIDNOTPROVIDETHESEPEOPLEWITHTHEPOSSIBILITYOFSELFFULFILLMENT,ONTHEOTHERHAND,DEMANDFORSUCHPEOPLEINTHECAPITALGROWSWITHEVERYYEARHEREWITH,THELEVELOFINCOMEHEREISMUCHBIGGERTHANINMOSTOFTHERUSSIANREGIONSINTHISREGARD,WESHOULDAGREEWITHANLARIONOVANDIVMALYSHEVTHATTHEECONOMICENVIRONMENTISACOMBINATIONOFTIMEANDSPACEOFACTIONOFTHEECONOMICENTITIES,THEBEAREROFREALLYOBJECTIVEANDREALLYSUBJECTIVE,IDEAL,MATERIALANDMANAGERIALHEREWITH,SOCIALANDECONOMICARENONSEPARABLEPEOPLEANDNATUREALWAYSWORKFORBALANCETENDENCY12,P61WESHOULDCONSIDERUPTODATETHESTATEMENTOFVDUDKINTHATMARKET,INITSQUITEDEVELOPEDFORM,APPEARSASACHAINOFINDEPENDENTCOMPETINGANDPERSONIFIEDINTERESTS,ASTHESYSTEMOFTHEIRINTERATTRACTIONANDREPULSION,ASAHISTORICALPHENOMENON,BUTNOTANATURALONEWITHTHECHANGEOFTHEECONOMICTYPEANDTHESYSTEMOFPUBLICPRODUCTION,CHANGESTHETYPEOFTHEMARKETCONTROLMECHANISM13,P41THESECONDPECULIARITYOFTHEMOSCOWREGIONRESIDENTIALPROPERTYMARKET,ASWETHINK,ISSIGNIFICANTFLUCTUATIONSOFPOPULATIONEFFECTUALDEMANDINDIFFERENTSEGMENTS,ANDITSDISBALANCEWITHSUPPLYINGENERAL,THEPRICESINTHEMOSCOWREGIONRESIDENTIALPROPERTYMARKETARECHARACTERIZEDBYTHESITUATIONOFA“SOAPBUBBLE”,ASWELLASINTHEFOREIGNRESIDENTIALPROPERTYMARKETS14,15,16WETHINK17,18,THATTHEREASONISINTHELACKOFUNDERSTANDINGBYTHEMARKETPARTICIPANTSOFTHECURRENTSITUATIONANDTHESTRATEGYFORTHERESIDENTIALPROPERTYMARKETDEVELOPMENTFORAMIDTERMANDLONGTERMPERSPECTIVEINTHISTERRITORYINTHISREGARD,NOWADAYSPARKINGREPRESENTSTHEMOSTIMPORTANTELEMENTOFINFRASTRUCTUREOFANYURBANFACILITY,INCLUDINGARESIDENTIALHOUSEORACOMPLEXHEREWITH,THECOSTOFIMMOVABLEPROPERTYWILLDIRECTLYDEPENDONTHECHARACTERISTICSANDCAPACITYOFTHEPARKINGLOTTHEADVANTAGESOFUNDERGROUNDPARKINGLOTSAREOBVIOUSTHEYSAVEFREESPACE,CANBEARRANGEDUNDERROADSANDBUILDINGS,BUTSANITARYANDHYGIENICREQUIREMENTSTOTHEIRLOCATIONAREMUCHSOFTERIFCOMPAREDTOTHENORMSFORABOVEGROUNDPARKINGLOTSANDGARAGESBESIDESTHIS,UNDERGROUNDPARKINGLOTSMAKEITPOSSIBLETOSAVEENERGY,DECREASINGITSCONSUMPTIONBYCONSTANTUNDERGROUNDAIRTEMPERATUREINCASEOFGOODHEATINSULATIONOFTHEBUILDINGAMONGTHEDISADVANTAGESOFUNDERGROUNDPARKINGLOTSISHIGHCOSTOFTHEIRCONSTRUCTIONONTHEOTHERHAND,DESIGNOFANUNDERGROUNDPARKINGMAKESITPOSSIBLETOUSETHEREMAININGAREAFORRESIDENTIAL,OFFICEANDTRADEAIMSDEVELOPINGCENTRALDISTRICTSOFTHECITY,UNDERGROUNDPARKINGSHOULDBEPREFERREDFORANUMBEROFREASONS19,P182DURINGTHEDESIGNOFUNDERGROUNDPARKINGLOTS,SHOULDBEMETTHEFOLLOWINGREQUIREMENTSNECESSITYTOSTUDYTHESTRUCTUREANDPECULIARITIESOFSOILATGREATDEPTH,FORECASTOFPOSSIBLECHANGESINTHESOILMASSANDHYDROGEOLOGICALCONDITIONS,ASWELLASEXAMINATIONOFTHEFOUNDATIONSOFTHENEARBYDEVELOPMENT,DETERMINEGREATINCREASEINTHEAREA,VOLUMEANDDETAILOFENGINEERINGANDGEOLOGICALRESEARCHDESIGNCONCEPTSANDTECHNOLOGYFORCONSTRUCTIONOFUNDERGROUNDFACILITIESMUSTPROVIDESAFETYANDNORMALOPERATIONCONDITIONSFORNEARBYABOVEGROUNDANDUNDERGROUNDFACILITIES,ESPECIALLY,HISTORICALBUILDINGSTODOTHIS,ITISNECESSARYTOIMPLEMENTMATHEMATICALMODELINGOFTHECHANGESINTHESTRAINSTRESSSTATEOFTHESOILMASS19,P185HEREWITH,LONGTERMOBSERVATIONSOFBVLYAPIDEVSKY,AKSHERSTNEVANDSNSAMUSEVOVERTHECONDITIONOFUNDERGROUNDFACILITIESHAVESHOWNTHATTHEMAINPROBLEMDURINGTHEOPERATIONISUNSAFEWATERISOLATIONANDAPPEARANCEOFLEAKAGESLEADINGTODESTRUCTIONOFTHELOADBEARINGSTRUCTURESINTHISREGARD,DURINGTHEDESIGN,

簡(jiǎn)介：4800英文單詞，英文單詞，25萬英文字符，中文萬英文字符，中文7200字文獻(xiàn)出處文獻(xiàn)出處DUVANOVAI,SIMANKINAT,SHEVCHENKOA,ETALOPTIMIZETHEUSEOFAPARKINGSPACEINARESIDENTIALAREAJPROCEDIAENGINEERING,2016,16517841793OPTIMIZETHEUSEOFAPARKINGSPACEINARESIDENTIALAREAIRINADUVANOVA,TATYANASIMANKINA,ANASTASIASHEVCHENKO,TATIANAMUSORINA,ANNAYUFEREVAABSTRACTDEVELOPMENTOFAMULTISTOREYBUILDINGISGAININGPOPULARITYINMODERNCONDITIONSHOWEVER,THEDESIGNERSDONOTPAYENOUGHATTENTIONTOTHEORGANIZATIONOFTHEPARKINGSPACETHISLEADSTOACHAOTIC“PARKINGFUNCTION“MACHINESININTRAYARDTERRITORIESCARSAREONTHELAWNS,PLAYGROUNDSANDINTRADOMESTICDRIVEWAYSFORMINGTRAFFICCONGESTIONFORSPECIALSERVICECARSITCANBENOTEDINTHERESULTOFANALYSISTHATDIFFERENTTYPESOFPARKINGINRESIDENTIALCOMPLEXESWIDELYUSEDBOTHABROADANDINRUSSIA,INPARTICULAR,THEREISATENDENCYTOINTRODUCETHEPRACTICEOFMECHANIZEDANDCOMBINEDRAMPANDMECHANIZEDPARKINGUNDERGROUNDANDSURFACEOBJECTIVETOOPTIMIZETHEORGANIZATIONOFAPARKINGSPACEINACONGESTEDRESIDENTIALAREAONTHECRITERIONOFMAXIMIZINGTHEUSEOFINTRAYARDSPACEKEYWORDSPARKINGRESIDENTIALAREAINFRASTRUCTUREPARKINGPLACEINTERCEPTINGPARKINGLEVEEDPARKING1INTRODUCTIONMARKETANALYSISOFPARKINGINTHELARGESTCITIESOFTHERUSSIANFEDERATION11EVALUATIONOFTHEPARKINGSITUATIONINTHECENTRALREGIONSANDINTHEBUILDINGSURROUNDINGGROUNDSCURRENTLY,THEPROBLEMOFORGANIZINGPERMANENTSTORAGEOFCARSISRELEVANTDUETOTHEHIGHGROWTHRATEOFCARAUTOMOBILIZATIONINTHEWORLDOVERTHEPASTTENYEARS,THENUMBEROFPRIVATEVEHICLESINSTPETERSBURGHASINCREASEDALMOSTBYTHREETIMESSEEFIG1MEANWHILE,THENUMBEROFPARKINGANDGARAGESGRADUALLYDECREASESASHAVINGTHESTATUSOFTEMPORARYOBJECTSTHEYAREGOINGTOBEDEMOLISHED,FREEINGLARGEAREASFORFUTURECONSTRUCTIONFOROTHERPURPOSESROADS,FACTORIES,BUSINESSCENTERS,ETCBESIDES,EVERYWHEREINSTPETERSBURGTHEREISAINFILLDEVELOPMENTMAINLYRESIDENTIALBUILDINGSANDPUBLICFACILITIES,ANDMOSTOFTHEMARENOTPROVIDEDOFPARKINGSPACEORTHENUMBERDOESNOTMATCHTHEACTUALNUMBEROFCAROWNERSSUPPLYOFPARKINGSPACESISGRADUALLYREDUCING,THATISINVERSELYPROPORTIONALTOCHANGEINTHENUMBEROFVEHICLESFIGURE11B1112FIG1DYNAMICSOFATHENUMBEROFPRIVATEVEHICLESANDBTHEAVAILABILITYOFPARKINGSPACESINSTPETERSBURGOVERTHEPAST10YEARS9PARKINGSPACESTORAGECOULDBEDIVIDEDBYTHEDURATIONOFTEMPORARYANDLONGTERMPERMANENTOUTDOORPARKINGLOTS,DETERMINESTHELOWEFFICIENCYOFLANDUSEINSUFFICIENTACCESSTOTHEIRPLACESOFPERMANENTSTORAGEOFCARSACCORDINGTOEUROPEANUNIONSTANDARDS,THEPROBLEMOFPARKINGINTHECITYISCONSIDEREDSOLVEDIFSEATSAREPROVIDED,ATLEAST60OFREGISTEREDVEHICLESINTHECITYTHEPROBLEMOFPARKINGISSOLVEDMULTILATERALLYINMANYEUROPEANCOUNTRIESFIRSTLY,THEMAJORITYOFTHEPOPULATIONASPOSSIBLEMOVESONTHEBIKESECONDLY,THEREAREUNDERGROUNDCARPARKSAREBEINGBUILTTHIRD,ITWORKSDEVELOPEDECOPARKINGNETWORK19ABOUT250PARKINGSPACESINTHEGARAGEFOREVERY100FLATSFALLSINUSA,WHICHISLOCATEDWITHINTHESTRUCTUREOFAHOUSEWHENTHISCALCULATIONISNOSHORTAGEOFPARKINGSPACESFORBOTHRESIDENTSANDVISITORS15INJAPAN,SELLINGMACHINESONLYINTHEPRESENCEOFAGARAGETHEREFORE,BUYINGACAR,ITISNECESSARY,FIRSTOFALL,THINKOFTHEPARKINGLOTPARKINGSPACESINANAREAOF1530SQMITMAYBEINTENDEDONLYFORPARKINGONECAR,DEPENDINGONTHELEVELOFCOMFORT89THEURGENCYOFTHEPROBLEMISPROVEDBYTHERESULTSOFTHEPARKINGSTUDYIBM?GLOBALPARKINGSURVEY?,WHICHSURVEYED8,042MOTORISTSIN20CITIESAROUNDTHEWORLDITWASFOUNDTHATMORETHAN30OFTRAFFICJAMSINTHECITIESOFTHEWORLDSTEMFROMTHEFACTTHATDRIVERSARELOOKINGFORPARKINGSPACESCREATEOBSTACLESONTHEROAD6OUTOF10DRIVERSSURVEYEDATLEASTONCEHADTOGIVEUPTHESEARCHSPACEFORTEMPORARYPARKINGOFYOURCARANDGOTOANOTHERPLACEOVERAQUARTEROFRESPONDENTSENTEREDINTOADISPUTEWITHOTHERDRIVERSFORAPARKINGSPACEFOREIGNEXPERIENCEINOPERATINGMULTISTOREYCARPARKSSHOWSTHATCOMFORTABLEINTHEGARAGEOFLEVELSCONSIDEREDTOBEUPTO5ANDACAPACITYOFUPTO500CARSTHESECONDFACTORISTHEENVIRONMENTALPOLLUTIONWHENDRIVINGAVEHICLEUNDERITSOWNPOWERTHEMORESTRUCTUREFORSTORAGEOFVEHICLES,THEGREATERTHEDISTANCEREQUIREDTOREACHTHECARPARKINGSPACEINTHEPROCESSOFEVOLUTIONINTHEVEHICLESTORAGEAREAMAKINGTHETRANSITIONFROMSINGLESTOREYGARAGESANDPARKINGINMULTISTOREYATTHEFOREFRONTISSUESOFPLACINGALARGENUMBEROFPRIVATEVEHICLESCLOSETORESIDENTIALHOMESINCONVENIENCESITESFORPLACEMENTOFGARAGESLEADSTOANINCREASEINTHENUMBEROFSTOREYSOFBUILDINGSTHEMOSTPOPULARAREMULTISTOREYUNDERGROUNDANDABOVEGROUNDGARAGESWITHCARSMOVINGBYRAILORBYMEANSOFSPECIALIZEDLIFT9ONEOFTHESOLUTIONSTOTHISPROBLEMAREMULTISTOREYSEMIMECHANICALANDAUTOMATICMECHANIZEDPARKINGTHEADVANTAGEOFTHISSOLUTIONCOMPACT,ENVIRONMENTALLYFRIENDLY,CANBEINTEGRATEDINTORESIDENTIALCOMPLEXESSEMIMECHANICALGARAGETODELIVERTHECARTOTHESPECIFIEDPARKINGLEVELWITHELEVATOR,THEFURTHERMOVEMENTISITSOWNWAYTHEGOODEXAMPLEISTHEGARAGEAREAUNDERDIAZINMILANFOR600CARSWITHACOMBINEDSTRUCTUREOFTHERAMPANDTHEMECHANICALMOVEMENT2INCREASINGOFNUMBEROFPARKINGSPACESVENTILATIONANDEVACUATIONISSUESOFTHESEFACILITIESHADANIMPACTONTHEIRLAYOUTANDAPPEARANCESTAIRLIFTUNITS,OPENPARKINGLEVELSFORTHROUGHVENTILATION,FORCEDVENTILATIONMECHANIZEDGARAGESHAVEADIFFERENTSHAPEINVIEW,VARIOUSTYPESOFWALLFENCETRANSPORTPROCESSOCCURSINSIDETHECOMPLEXDEPENDINGONTHETYPEOFFENCEANDOVERGROUNDORUNDERGROUNDTYPEGARAGE,YOUCANSEETHEPROCESSOFTRANSPORTATIONTHEPREVALENCEOFTHISTYPEOFGARAGEDEPENDSONTHEFINANCIALPOSSIBILITIESOFTHECUSTOMER,THEFEAS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簡(jiǎn)介：PROCEDIAENGINEERING16520161784–179318777058?2016PUBLISHEDBYELSEVIERLTDTHISISANOPENACCESSARTICLEUNDERTHECCBYNCNDLICENSEHTTP//CREATIVECOMMONSORG/LICENSES/BYNCND/40/PEERREVIEWUNDERRESPONSIBILITYOFTHESCIENTIFICCOMMITTEEOFTHE15THINTERNATIONALSCIENTIFICCONFERENCE“UNDERGROUNDURBANISATIONASAPREREQUISITEFORSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTDOI101016/JPROENG201611923SCIENCEDIRECTAVAILABLEONLINEATWWWSCIENCEDIRECTCOM15THINTERNATIONALSCIENTIFICCONFERENCE“UNDERGROUNDURBANISATIONASAPREREQUISITEFORSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT”O(jiān)PTIMIZETHEUSEOFAPARKINGSPACEINARESIDENTIALAREAIRINADUVANOVAA,TATYANASIMANKINAB,ANASTASIASHEVCHENKOC,TATIANAMUSORINAD,ANNAYUFEREVAEABONAVABUILDINGCOMPANY,ENGINEER,MSC,STPETERSBURG,RUSSIABSTPETERSBURGSTATEPOLYTECHNICALUNIVERSITY,INSTITUTEOFCIVILENGINEERING,DOCENT,STPETERSBURG,RUSSIACSTPETERSBURGSTATEPOLYTECHNICALUNIVERSITY,INSTITUTEOFCIVILENGINEERING,STUDENT,STPETERSBURG,RUSSIADSTPETERSBURGSTATEPOLYTECHNICALUNIVERSITY,INSTITUTEOFCIVILENGINEERING,STUDENT,STPETERSBURG,RUSSIAESTPETERSBURGSTATEPOLYTECHNICALUNIVERSITY,INSTITUTEOFCIVILENGINEERING,STUDENT,STPETERSBURG,RUSSIAABSTRACTDEVELOPMENTOFAMULTISTOREYBUILDINGISGAININGPOPULARITYINMODERNCONDITIONSHOWEVER,THEDESIGNERSDONOTPAYENOUGHATTENTIONTOTHEORGANIZATIONOFTHEPARKINGSPACETHISLEADSTOACHAOTIC“PARKINGFUNCTION“MACHINESININTRAYARDTERRITORIESCARSAREONTHELAWNS,PLAYGROUNDSANDINTRADOMESTICDRIVEWAYSFORMINGTRAFFICCONGESTIONFORSPECIALSERVICECARSITCANBENOTEDINTHERESULTOFANALYSISTHATDIFFERENTTYPESOFPARKINGINRESIDENTIALCOMPLEXESWIDELYUSEDBOTHABROADANDINRUSSIA,INPARTICULAR,THEREISATENDENCYTOINTRODUCETHEPRACTICEOFMECHANIZEDANDCOMBINEDRAMPANDMECHANIZEDPARKINGUNDERGROUNDANDSURFACEOBJECTIVETOOPTIMIZETHEORGANIZATIONOFAPARKINGSPACEINACONGESTEDRESIDENTIALAREAONTHECRITERIONOFMAXIMIZINGTHEUSEOFINTRAYARDSPACE?2016THEAUTHORSPUBLISHEDBYELSEVIERLTDPEERREVIEWUNDERRESPONSIBILITYOFTHESCIENTIFICCOMMITTEEOFTHE15THINTERNATIONALSCIENTIFICCONFERENCE“UNDERGROUNDURBANISATIONASAPREREQUISITEFORSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTKEYWORDSPARKINGRESIDENTIALAREAINFRASTRUCTUREPARKINGPLACEINTERCEPTINGPARKINGLEVEEDPARKINGCORRESPONDINGAUTHORTEL79217996988EMAILADDRESSDUVANOVAIMAILRU?2016PUBLISHEDBYELSEVIERLTDTHISISANOPENACCESSARTICLEUNDERTHECCBYNCNDLICENSEHTTP//CREATIVECOMMONSORG/LICENSES/BYNCND/40/PEERREVIEWUNDERRESPONSIBILITYOFTHESCIENTIFICCOMMITTEEOFTHE15THINTERNATIONALSCIENTIFICCONFERENCE“UNDERGROUNDURBANISATIONASAPREREQUISITEFORSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT1786IRINADUVANOVAETAL/PROCEDIAENGINEERING16520161784–1793PARKINGFORSHORTTERMSTORAGEOFVEHICLES,AREUSEDFORSHOPS,HEALTHCENTERS,BUSINESSCENTERSFORTHESEGARAGESARECHARACTERIZEDBYLOWHEIGHTFROM1TO4FLOORSANDTHELOCATIONWITHINWALKINGDISTANCE8FORLONGTERMSTORAGEOFCARSPARKINGPARKINGINCLUDESMORELEVELSTHANFORSHORTTERMSTORAGE,WHICHISREFLECTEDINPLANNINGDECISIONSANDAPPEARANCETHEUNDERGROUNDANDABOVEGROUNDPARKINGLOTSARECONSIDEREDASVARIANTSDIKEDCARPARKTHISTYPEOFGARAGEISUSEDINAREASWITHACOMPLEXRELIEFDIKEGARAGESPROVIDETHEABILITYTOUSENATURALTERRAINAREATOMINIMIZETHEIMPACTONTHEENVIRONMENTSURROUNDINGBUILDINGS,TOREDUCETHECOSTSOFALIGNMENTOFTHECONSTRUCTIONSITEFIGURE138SITESFORSTORAGEOFCARSINRESIDENTIALAREASISTHESIMPLESTANDMOSTPOPULARTYPEOFPARKINGTHEYAREPARTOFTHEACCOMPLISHMENTOFTERRITORYANDHAVETHENECESSARYCOVERAGEHOWEVER,ATTHEPRESENTLEVELOFMOTORIZATION,OUTDOORPARKINGLOTS,CANNOTSATISFYTHENEEDSOFTHERESIDENTSOFANAPARTMENTHOUSEINTHETEMPORARYSTORAGEOFVEHICLESTHEREISANEEDFORTHEDESIGNOFNEWTYPESOFCARPARKS,PROVIDINGAHIGHDEGREEOFCOMPACTNESSWHENPLACEDNEARARESIDENTIALCOMPLEXINCREASETHEDISTANCETOTHECARPARKFROMTHEPROPERTY,INADDITIONTOTHEDISCOMFORTFORTHERESIDENTS,RESULTINGINANINCREASEOFTHEROADNETWORK,UTILITIES3EXPERIENCEOFPARKINGSPACESINRESIDENTIALAREASMAINPROBLEMSOFTHEORGANIZATIONOFTHEPERMANENTSTORAGEOFCARSINRUSSIAARESHORTAGEOFSPACEFORTHEORGANIZATIONOFPERMANENTSTORAGEOFVEHICLES,ESPECIALLYINTHECENTRALAREAOFTHEPLANNINGAREATHEPREVALENCEINTHESTRUCTUREOFTHEIRPERMANENTSTORAGEOFVEHICLESGARAGESBOXESANDOUTDOORPARKINGLOTS,DETERMINESTHELOWEFFICIENCYOFLANDUSEINSUFFICIENTACCESSTOTHEIRPLACESOFPERMANENTSTORAGEOFCARSACCORDINGTOEUROPEANUNIONSTANDARDS,THEPROBLEMOFPARKINGINTHECITYISCONSIDEREDSOLVEDIFSEATSAREPROVIDED,ATLEAST60OFREGISTEREDVEHICLESINTHECITYTHEPROBLEMOFPARKINGISSOLVEDMULTILATERALLYINMANYEUROPEANCOUNTRIESFIRSTLY,THEMAJORITYOFTHEPOPULATIONASPOSSIBLEMOVESONTHEBIKESECONDLY,THEREAREUNDERGROUNDCARPARKSAREBEINGBUILTTHIRD,ITWORKSDEVELOPEDECOPARKINGNETWORK19ABOUT250PARKINGSPACESINTHEGARAGEFOREVERY100FLATSFALLSINUSA,WHICHISLOCATEDWITHINTHESTRUCTUREOFAHOUSEWHENTHISCALCULATIONISNOSHORTAGEOFPARKINGSPACESFORBOTHRESIDENTSANDVISITORS15INJAPAN,SELLINGMACHINESONLYINTHEPRESENCEOFAGARAGETHEREFORE,BUYINGACAR,ITISNECESSARY,FIRSTOFALL,THINKOFTHEPARKINGLOTPARKINGSPACESINANAREAOF1530SQMITMAYBEINTENDEDONLYFORPARKINGONECAR,DEPENDINGONTHELEVELOFCOMFORT89THEURGENCYOFTHEPROBLEMISPROVEDBYTHERESULTSOFTHEPARKINGSTUDYIBM?GLOBALPARKINGSURVEY?,WHICHSURVEYED8,042MOTORISTSIN20CITIESAROUNDTHEWORLDITWASFOUNDTHAT?MORETHAN30OFTRAFFICJAMSINTHECITIESOFTHEWORLDSTEMFROMTHEFACTTHATDRIVERSARELOOKINGFORPARKINGSPACESCREATEOBSTACLESONTHEROAD?6OUTOF10DRIVERSSURVEYEDATLEAST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