外文翻譯--公交車自動(dòng)報(bào)站系統(tǒng)

1、<p><b>　　公交車自動(dòng)報(bào)站系統(tǒng)</b></p><p>　　公交車自動(dòng)報(bào)站器的背景及意義</p><p>　　共汽車為外出的人們提供了方便快捷的服務(wù)，而公共汽車的報(bào)站直接影響服務(wù)的質(zhì)量。傳統(tǒng)由乘務(wù)人員人工報(bào)站，這種方式因其效果太差和工作強(qiáng)度太大，在很多大城市已經(jīng)被淘汰。近年來(lái)，隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的日益發(fā)展和進(jìn)步，微型計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)已經(jīng)在許多領(lǐng)域得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用

2、。在聲學(xué)領(lǐng)域，微機(jī)技術(shù)與各種語(yǔ)音芯片相結(jié)合，即可完成語(yǔ)音的合成技術(shù)，使得汽車報(bào)站器的實(shí)現(xiàn)成為可能，從而為市民提供了更加人性化的服務(wù)。鑒于傳統(tǒng)公交車報(bào)站系統(tǒng)的不足之處，結(jié)合公交車輛的使用特點(diǎn)及實(shí)際營(yíng)運(yùn)環(huán)境，設(shè)計(jì)了一種由單片機(jī)控制的公交車自動(dòng)報(bào)站系統(tǒng)。</p><p>　　公交車自動(dòng)報(bào)站器的設(shè)計(jì)主要是為了彌補(bǔ)改變傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)音報(bào)站器必須有司機(jī)操控才能工作的落后方式，進(jìn)站、出站自動(dòng)播報(bào)站名及服務(wù)用語(yǔ)，為市民提供更人性化更完善

3、的服務(wù)。</p><p>　　系統(tǒng)各組成部分的設(shè)計(jì)</p><p>　　本系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)主要是硬件電路設(shè)計(jì)部分：利用AT89C51作為控制器，通過(guò)ISD4004語(yǔ)音芯片建立語(yǔ)音信息庫(kù)，形成變化多樣的語(yǔ)音信息，利用其功放播放語(yǔ)音信息以及提示語(yǔ)音，，同時(shí)運(yùn)用LED數(shù)碼進(jìn)行站數(shù)顯示。當(dāng)公交車到達(dá)某站點(diǎn)，用鍵盤控制本系統(tǒng)工作，通過(guò)育語(yǔ)音電路輸出語(yǔ)音信息和提示，同時(shí)站數(shù)信息在LED數(shù)碼管上顯示。整個(gè)系統(tǒng)硬

4、件設(shè)計(jì)包括鍵盤電路、復(fù)位電路、顯示驅(qū)動(dòng)電路、顯示電路、內(nèi)存擴(kuò)展電路模塊。</p><p>　　為了 實(shí)現(xiàn)公交車的語(yǔ)音自動(dòng)報(bào)站，即在進(jìn)站、出站時(shí)候自動(dòng)播報(bào)語(yǔ)音提示信息及服務(wù)用語(yǔ)，同時(shí)利用LED點(diǎn)陣電路進(jìn)行漢字顯示。本設(shè)計(jì)要求利用AT89C51作為主控芯片完成主控電路的設(shè)計(jì)，輔助電路要求包括語(yǔ)音電路、漢字點(diǎn)陣顯示電路、電源電路等。CPU控制、控制信號(hào)、語(yǔ)音芯片、輸出顯示燈組成。公交車站自動(dòng)報(bào)站器的設(shè)計(jì)，對(duì)車輪軸的轉(zhuǎn)角

5、的脈沖進(jìn)行計(jì)數(shù)，將計(jì)數(shù)值與預(yù)置值對(duì)比，即可確定報(bào)站時(shí)刻，達(dá)到準(zhǔn)確自動(dòng)的目的。以AT89C51為主控芯片，對(duì)外來(lái)脈沖計(jì)數(shù)，結(jié)合語(yǔ)音芯片ISD4004輸出語(yǔ)音。系統(tǒng)由脈沖檢測(cè)、脈沖計(jì)數(shù)、CPU控制、控制信號(hào)、語(yǔ)音芯片、輸出顯示燈組成。</p><p>　　關(guān)于AT89C51芯片：</p><p>　　AT89C51單片機(jī)它主要由下面幾個(gè)部分組成：1個(gè)8位中央處理單元你（CPU）、片內(nèi)Flash

6、存儲(chǔ)器，片內(nèi)RAM、4個(gè)8位的雙向可尋址I/O口、1個(gè)全雙工UART（通用異步接收發(fā)送器）的串行接口、2個(gè)16位的定時(shí)器/計(jì)數(shù)器、多個(gè)優(yōu)先級(jí)的嵌套中斷結(jié)構(gòu)，以及一個(gè)片內(nèi)振蕩器和時(shí)鐘電路。在AT89C51單片機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)中，最顯著的特點(diǎn)是內(nèi)部含有Flash存儲(chǔ)器，而在其他方面的結(jié)構(gòu)，則和Intel公司的8051的結(jié)構(gòu)沒(méi)有太大的區(qū)別。</p><p><b>　　主要性能：</b></p>

7、<p>　　1. 與MCS-51兼容</p><p>　　2. 4K字節(jié)可編程閃爍存儲(chǔ)器</p><p>　　壽命：1000次寫/擦循環(huán)</p><p>　　數(shù)據(jù)保留時(shí)間：10年</p><p>　　3. 全靜態(tài)工作：0Hz-24Hz</p><p>　　4. 三級(jí)程序存儲(chǔ)器鎖定</p&

8、gt;<p>　　5. 128*8位內(nèi)部</p><p>　　6. 32可編程I/O線</p><p>　　7. 兩個(gè)16位定時(shí)器、計(jì)數(shù)器</p><p><b>　　8. 5個(gè)中斷源</b></p><p>　　9. 可編程串行通道</p><p>　　10. 片內(nèi)振蕩器和時(shí)鐘電路

9、</p><p>　　關(guān)于脈沖檢測(cè)電路的設(shè)計(jì)：</p><p>　　本設(shè)計(jì)的關(guān)鍵是對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)軸所轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)的圈數(shù)進(jìn)行計(jì)數(shù)，考慮到車輛將在復(fù)雜的環(huán)境中運(yùn)行，而霍爾元件具有耐震動(dòng)，不怕灰塵、油污、水汽及鹽霧等的污染或腐蝕的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，故采用可靠的霍爾元件DN6848作為信號(hào)采集裝置，再經(jīng)過(guò)光電耦合器4N25輸入給單片機(jī)。光電耦合器的電流傳輸比為10%~25%，響應(yīng)時(shí)間小于10us。</p><

10、;p>　　關(guān)于語(yǔ)音輸出電路設(shè)計(jì)</p><p>　　這個(gè)系列的芯片要求由于微處理器或微控制器系列通過(guò)串行外圍接口和串行接口進(jìn)行尋址和控制。錄音數(shù)據(jù)被存放方法是通過(guò)ISD的多級(jí)存儲(chǔ)專利技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)的，用聲音和聲頻信號(hào)的自然形式直接存放在固態(tài)存儲(chǔ)器中，從而提供高質(zhì)量回放語(yǔ)音的保真度。</p><p>　　ISD4004聲音錄放器件的采樣頻率為6.4kHZ,它單片錄放時(shí)間又8分、10分、12分

11、、16分幾種，其采用內(nèi)置費(fèi)易失性FLASH存儲(chǔ)器，這種快擦寫存儲(chǔ)器斷電不會(huì)丟失數(shù)據(jù)，所以保存數(shù)據(jù)部需要耗電。典型的被存儲(chǔ)信息可以保存時(shí)間高達(dá)100年，同一個(gè)存儲(chǔ)單元可以反復(fù)被錄音10萬(wàn)次。</p><p>　　IAD4004芯片的音頻輸出引腳可以驅(qū)動(dòng)一個(gè)5千歐的負(fù)載，當(dāng)器件上電后，改引腳輸出的電源為1.2v.本設(shè)計(jì)中選用的放大器是LM386是為低電壓應(yīng)用設(shè)計(jì)的 音頻功率放大器，其工作電壓為6V，最大失真度為0.2

12、，功率頻響為20~100KHZ </p><p>　　關(guān)于LED顯示輸出設(shè)計(jì)：</p><p>　　本電路采用16*256的LED點(diǎn)陣顯示屏來(lái)顯示16個(gè)16*16的漢字，采用顯存U14來(lái)存放漢字點(diǎn)陣信息。顯示屏分32頁(yè)，每頁(yè)由16行8列LED發(fā)光二極管構(gòu)成，在LED點(diǎn)陣顯示屏中，用一片4-16譯碼器74LS154進(jìn)行譯碼，將地址A0-A3譯碼形成行信號(hào)，用兩片4-16譯碼器74LS154組

13、成一個(gè)5-32譯碼器，進(jìn)行頁(yè)譯碼，將地址A4-A8譯碼形成頁(yè)選通信號(hào)，分別用以選通一片74LS244，系統(tǒng)通過(guò)此74LS244的數(shù)據(jù)線向該頁(yè)的某行上的8個(gè)發(fā)光二極管送入顯示信息。</p><p>　　3.系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn)和優(yōu)勢(shì)</p><p>　　本系統(tǒng)很大程度上提高公交車報(bào)站的準(zhǔn)確性，可靠性。提高了公交系統(tǒng)的服務(wù)質(zhì)量。促進(jìn)城市經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和交通變化的和諧發(fā)展。彌補(bǔ)了改變傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)音報(bào)站器必須有司機(jī)操控

14、才能工作的落后方式，在公交車進(jìn)站、出站時(shí)自動(dòng)播報(bào)站名及服務(wù)用語(yǔ)，為市民提供更人性化更完善的服務(wù)。</p><p>　　The bus stops system automatically</p><p>　　1. The bus is automatically stops the background and significance </p><p>　　The

15、 people of car out for provides convenient service, while the bus stops directly affect the quality of the service. Traditional stops by the crew artificially, and in this way because of its poor and working intensity ef

16、fect is too great, in many big cities have been eliminated. In recent years, with the development of science and technology progress and microcomputer technology in many fields has been widely used. In the acoustic field

17、, with various pronunciation chip microcomputer technolog</p><p>　　The bus stops the design of automatic device is mainly to compensate for changing the traditional voice stops device must have driver contro

18、l can work backward way, pitted, automatic station broadcasts six-foot-tall service term for the public and provide more humanized more perfect service. </p><p>　　2. The system design of each component </

19、p><p>　　This system is designed hardware circuit design part: use AT89C51 as controller, through ISD4004 pronunciation chip establish speech, forming a variety of information and use the voice messages broadcas

20、t speech information and tips amplifier, and using speech, LED digital display for standing count. When the bus arrived at one site, use the keyboard control the system work, through the yukon voice circuits output speec

21、h information and tips, stood in several information LED digital tube display.</p><p>　　In order to realize the bus stops, namely in speech automatic six-foot-tall; and when voice prompt information and auto

22、matic reporting service term, while utilizing of LED dot matrix circuit Chinese displaying. This design is required to exploit the AT89C51 as the master control circuit design of chips, auxiliary circuit requirements inc

23、luding voice circuits, Chinese dot matrix display circuit, the power supply circuit, etc. The CPU control and control signals, pronunciation chip, output indicat</p><p>　　About AT89C51 chip: </p><

24、p>　　AT89C51 it mainly consists of for the following parts: 1 eight central processing unit (CPU), piece you in memory, the pieces (Flash RAM, 4 of 8 bits two-way addressable I/O port, 1 full-duplex UART (general async

25、hronous receiver transmitter) serial interface, 2 16 timer/counters, multiple priority nested interrupt structure, and a piece inside oscillator and clock circuit. In AT89C51 structure, the most striking characteristics

26、of internal contains Flash memory is, while in other aspects of the</p><p>　　Main performance: </p><p>　　1. With MCS - 51 compatible </p><p>　　2. 4K bytes programmable flashing memo

27、ry </p><p>　　Life expectancy: 1000 times to write/wipe cycle </p><p>　　Data retention time: 10 years </p><p>　　3. All the static job: 0Hz - 24Hz </p><p>　　4. Tertiary p

28、rogram memory lock </p><p>　　5. 128 * 8 bits inside </p><p>　　6. 32 programmable I/O lines </p><p>　　7. Two 16 timers, counter </p><p>　　8. Five interrupt source </p

29、><p>　　9. Programmable serial channels </p><p>　　10. Slice clock circuit oscillator and within </p><p>　　The design of pulse detection circuit: </p><p>　　The design of the

30、 key is that the rotor turn lap count, considering the vehicles will be running in a complex environment, and the hall componets are resistant to vibrate, afraid of dust, grease, water vapor and salt fog the advantages o

31、f the pollution or corrosion, so adopt reliable hall element DN6848 as signal acquisition device, again by photoelectric couplers 4N25 input to microcontroller. Photoelectric coupler current transmission 10% ~ 25%, than

32、for less than 10us response time. </p><p>　　About speech output circuit design </p><p>　　This series of chip required by the microprocessor or micro controller series through serial peripheral i

33、nterfaces and serial interface addressing and control. The recording data is stored method of multistage storage is through ISD patent technology implementation, with sound and audio signals directly in the natural form

34、of solid state memory, thus providing high quality replay the fidelity of speech. </p><p>　　ISD4004 voice recording devices for 6.4 kHZ sampling frequency, time and recording a single chip 8 points, 10 point

35、s, 12 points, 16 points several, and its use of built-in FLASH memory cost nonvolatile CaXie memory, this fast data, and it is not lost power save data department needs power consumption. The typical stored information c

36、an save time up to 100 years, the same storage unit can be repeated be recorded 10 million times. </p><p>　　IAD4004 chip audio output pin can drive a five thousand uefa load, when device after power up, chan

37、ge the power output pins for 1.2 v. to this design of chosen amplifier is LM386 is for low voltage application design audio amplifier, the working voltage of 6V, maximum distortion degree of 0.2, power frequency response

38、 to 20 ~ 100 KHZ </p><p>　　About LED display output design: </p><p>　　This circuit USES 16 * 256 destem to display 16 16 * 16 Chinese characters, using the video memory U14 to deposit the charac

39、ters bitmap information. Screen points page 32, each page 16 line 8 column LED by constitute the light emitting diode, destem with a four - 16 decoder 74LS154 decode, will address A0 - A3 decode formed by two do signal,

40、4-16 decoder 74LS154 form a 5-32 decoder, carries on the page decode, will address A4 - A8 decode form page, choose communication, respectively, to choose a</p><p>　　3. The characteristics of the system and

41、advantage </p><p>　　This system greatly improve the accuracy of bus stops, and reliability. Improving the service quality of the bus system. Promote the city economic development and harmonious development o

42、f traffic changes. Made up for changing the traditional voice stops device must have driver control can work means, in the bus stops behind when the station broadcasts, automatic six-foot-tall service term for the public