高考語(yǔ)法總復(fù)習(xí)

1、語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)一：句子成分；簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)；次要成分有表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。（二）主語(yǔ)：主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。但在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問(wèn)句（當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不疑問(wèn)詞時(shí)）和倒裝句中，主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語(yǔ)可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語(yǔ)從句等表示。例

2、如：Duringthe1990sAmericancountrymusichasbecomememepopular.（名詞）WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（代詞）Onethirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.（數(shù)詞）Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（不定式）Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.（動(dòng)名詞）Therichshould

3、helpthepo.（名詞化的形容詞）WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.（主語(yǔ)從句）Itisnecessarytomasterafeignlanguage.（it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)為后面的不定式）（三）謂語(yǔ)：謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ)，一般放在主語(yǔ)之后。謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成如下：1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如：Hepractices

4、runningeverymning.2、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：（1）由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如：Youmaykeepthebookftwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.（2）由系動(dòng)詞加表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如：Wearestudents.（四）表語(yǔ)：表語(yǔ)用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動(dòng)詞（如bebecomegetlookgrowturnseem等）之后。表語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、

5、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞及表語(yǔ)從句表示。例如：OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名詞）Isityours（代詞）Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容詞）Thespeechisexciting.（分詞）Threetimessevenistwentyone（數(shù)詞）HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）Hishobby（愛(ài)好）isplayingfootball.（動(dòng)名詞）Themach

6、inemustbeoutofder.（介詞短語(yǔ)）Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副詞）Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表語(yǔ)從句）（五）賓語(yǔ)：賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛(ài)者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例如：Theywenttoseeanexhibition（展覽）yesterday.（名詞）Theheavyrainpreventedmefmcomingtoschoolontime.（

7、代詞）IndertocatchupwiththeothersImustwkharder.（目的狀語(yǔ)）Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)）Shewksveryhardthoughsheisold.（讓步狀語(yǔ)）Iamtallerthanheis.（比較狀語(yǔ)）練習(xí)一一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehedmeth

8、enewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemning.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmt

9、onight.9.HeistoleavefShanghaitomrow.10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.Hemanagedtofinishthewkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmefadvice.13.HefounditimptanttomasterEnglish.14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay15.Tobehonestyourpronunciationis

10、notsogood.16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress17.Hesattherereadinganewspaper.18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleantidy.19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.20.Theapplestastedsweet.二、用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的主語(yǔ)（）、謂語(yǔ)（＝）、賓語(yǔ)（～）：Ihopeyouareverywel

11、l.Imfinebuttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationImhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.ItisthetimeofyearfthericeharvestsoeverydayIwkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonwkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtracts.Wegrowr

12、iceinthesouthoftheStatesbutinthenthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.AlthoughthefarmislargemyDadhasonlytwomenwkingfhim.Butheemploysmemenftheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesnt

13、oftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresultwehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden.三、用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的定語(yǔ)（）、狀語(yǔ)（＝）、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（～）：MostSaturdayeveningsthereisapartyevena

14、tharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.Itsgreat!Americanseatalotofmeattoomuchinmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.IdontbecauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.Inyourletteryouaskedaboutth