外文翻譯--汽車設(shè)計-車架設(shè)計

1、<p><b>　　附錄</b></p><p>　　Automobile Design----Frame Designs</p><p>　　The vehicle frame is the basic platform to which all suspension and steering linkage parts attach. A vehicl

2、e will neither steer nor handle well if the frame is too flexible. A rigid frame structure may pass unnecessary vibrations into the passenger compartment. The frame and suspension design will affect the ride quality, ha

3、ndling, and durability, as well as the levels of both noise and vibration.</p><p>　　Manufacturers use several different types of construction on their vehicles. Of these, separate body and frame construction

4、 was the most common through the 1970's. It is still used in large vans, pickups, and trucks. In this type of construction, the engine, drive line, running gear, and body mount to the frame through insulators. Insula

5、tors are synthetic rubber pads that keep road and engine noise and vibration from going into the passenger compartment.</p><p>　　A second type of construction is the unitized body. This, design is by far the

6、 most popular in modern vehicles. The unitized design has a lightweight structure with the required strength. Tn this type of construction, the frame is welded into the body as part of the body structure. Body panels add

7、 strength to the frame pieces. The running gear and drive line are mounted to the unitized body through large, soft synthetic rubber insulators. The insulators minimize the transfer of noise and vibrati</p><p&

8、gt;　　A third type of construction combines the features of the first and second types. It uses a stub frame from the bulkhead forward and a unitized body from the bulkhead back. The unitized part is very rigid, while the

9、 stub frame provides a place for good insulation.</p><p>　　Manufacturers select the type of construction .that is most economical to build,' while providing the noise, vibration, and ride and handling ch

10、aracteristics they want in the vehicle. Large older vehicles, vans, and trucks generally use separate body and frame construction. The newer, smaller' vehicles generally use unitized construction.</p><p>

11、;<b>　　汽車設(shè)計-車架設(shè)計</b></p><p>　　車架是汽車最基本的臺架，所有的懸架和轉(zhuǎn)向連接部件都安裝在車架上面。如果汽車車架柔性過大，會使汽車既無法轉(zhuǎn)向，也無法進行正常操縱。而如果汽車車架結(jié)構(gòu)剛性過大，又會引起不必要的震動傳遞給駕駛員和乘客的座艙室。汽車車架和懸架的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計不僅決定了汽車噪聲大小和震動的幅度強度，而且也將影響到汽車的質(zhì)量和車輛的正常操縱。</p>

12、<p>　　汽車制造廠商們在他們生產(chǎn)的汽車上都使用了幾種不同的車架結(jié)構(gòu)。其中，整個七十年代最常使用的是殼體和大梁的分體結(jié)構(gòu)。目前它仍然在大型貨車、小噸位貨車和卡車上應(yīng)用著。在汽車殼體和大梁的分體結(jié)構(gòu)里，發(fā)動機、傳動裝置、傳動齒輪和車殼都是通過絕緣裝置固定在車身大梁上。車架內(nèi)部的絕緣裝置是人造橡膠緩沖墊，能夠阻止道路不平和發(fā)動機工作引起的噪音和震動傳到駕駛員和乘客的座艙里。</p><p>　　第二種是

13、汽車車架的單體結(jié)構(gòu)。這種設(shè)計到目前為止在現(xiàn)代汽車上是最常用。單體車架按所需的強度來分，設(shè)計有輕型結(jié)構(gòu)。在這種汽車結(jié)構(gòu)中大梁作為車架的一部分被直接焊接到殼體上。底盤的重量增加了大梁的強度。傳動齒輪和傳動裝置經(jīng)由大而軟的人造橡膠絕緣墊安裝在單體車架上。絕緣墊減弱了噪聲的傳動和震動。若絕緣墊太軟，將會引起傳動齒輪和傳動裝置位移。這種位移稱為柔量，它會影響到汽車的操縱性能和控制性能。若絕緣墊太硬，則不能起到應(yīng)有的隔絕噪音和減小震動的作用。汽車制

14、造廠商們精心地設(shè)計絕緣墊，把它們裝置在汽車適當(dāng)?shù)牡胤剑越档驮肼?，緩沖震動的傳送，使汽車便于駕駛，駕駛員和乘客乘坐舒適。絕緣墊的性能隨使用年限發(fā)生變化，當(dāng)汽車變舊時原先的性能也隨之改變。</p><p>　　第三種結(jié)構(gòu)是把前兩種結(jié)構(gòu)的主要特點結(jié)合在一起。它在汽車前艙使用了短車梁，在汽車后艙使用了單體車架。單體部分剛性很大，而短的車梁增強了絕緣作用。</p><p>　　汽車制造廠家們在汽車