外文翻譯--高頻開關(guān)電源介紹

1、<p>　　The Introduction Of </p><p>　　High Frequency Switching Power Supply </p><p>　　Introduction:</p><p>　　High frequency switching power supply (also called switch rectifier S

2、MR) through the MOSFET or the high frequency IGBT, switch frequency control in 50-100 KHZ, within the scope of efficient and realize miniaturization. In recent years, switch rectifier power capacity expansion, the capaci

3、ty of himself, from the volt 48V/12.5A、48V/20A to48V/200A、48V/400A。</p><p>　　High frequency switching power supply is traditional rectifier (silicon rectifier, silicon-controlled rectifier) upgrade alternati

4、ve products. High frequency switching power supply with convenient use, small size, high efficiency, stable work, coating meticulous etc absolute superiority quickly dominate the market. Widely used in electroplating ele

5、ctrolysis surface treatment industry oxidation and get old and new customers.</p><p>　　Product features:</p><p>　　一．This product USES imported brand components and international advanced bridge

6、in precision machining technology of inverter, and make the performance is stable, the quality is reliable.</p><p>　　二．For high-frequency pulse waveforms output ripple coefficient, the 1%, can improve the nu

7、mber of plating and surface aestivation, refuse the gloss and got a dark corner of plating. And can reduce the loss, raw materials of plating industry of special requirements.</p><p>　　三．SFG series high freq

8、uency switching power supply by air-filled type design, installation convenience. With remote control device, easy for operation. Can bring load switch machine, reduce the adjustment of the complex procedures.</p>

9、<p>　　四. Small volume light weight the comprehensive use of anticorrosive craft, enhance the ability of anti-corrosion products, prolong the life.</p><p>　　五. Energy saving, high working efficiency rea

10、ched more than 90%, any more than a linear always voltage matching. Save the traditional rectifier regulator and the energy loss, in more than 35%, greatly reduce the cost, the reason of surface treatment industry</p&

11、gt;<p>　　High frequency switching power supply</p><p>　　一． The main circuit</p><p>　　From the input and output of dc exchange network, including:</p><p>　　1．The whole the eff

12、ect is input filter: there will be the clutter power filter, also hindered the feedback to produce clutter of public power.</p><p>　　2．And rectification and filtering: ac power grid directly to a smooth dc r

13、ectification, in order to the next level.</p><p>　　3．Inverter: after rectifying dc into high frequency alternating, this is the core part of switch power supply, the higher the frequency volume, and weight a

14、nd output power than smaller.</p><p>　　4．And output rectifier and filtering: according to provide reliable, load of the dc power supply.</p><p>　　Second control circuit ：On one hand, the sample

15、from the output terminal with setting standards, and then compared to control the inverter, change the frequency or pulse width, achieve output stability, on the other hand, according to the test circuit, the information

16、 provided by differential protection circuit, control circuit of various protection measures.</p><p>　　Third detection circuit：In addition to providing protection circuit is running in the various parameters

17、 but also provide various display meter data.</p><p>　　Four, the auxiliary power</p><p>　　To provide all the different requirements of a circuit switching voltage control principle</p>&l

18、t;p>　　Switch to certain time interval K repeatedly through and disconnect the switch, the power input, K E through switch and filter circuits provide load RL, throughout the switch power load during to provide energy,

19、 E, When the switch, input power disconnection K E will provide energy interrupted. Visible, to provide the energy input power load is intermittent, for the load can be provided for energy switching power supply, a stora

20、ge device, must be in switch will be part of the energy stored in the</p><p>　　EAB = TON/T * E</p><p>　　For every TON of time, the switch to switch the huge T works cycle (i.e. switch time TON T

21、OFF cut-off time and sum).</p><p>　　By type, changing switch time and work cycle, the ratio between the average voltage AB also changed, therefore, with the load and the input voltage changes automatically a

22、djusted TON and the proportion of T he can make the output voltage V0 remain unchanged. Change through Time and work cycle TON of pulse that changing proportion of this method, SHCH as "Time Ratio Control" (fro

23、m Time, abbreviation for TRC).</p><p>　　According to the control principle TRC have three ways:</p><p>　　A Pulse Width Modulation (Pulse Width Modulation, the abbreviation for PWM)</p>&l

24、t;p>　　Switch is constant, by changing the pulse width to change the way SHCH.</p><p>　　Second, Pulse Frequency, Pulse Modulation (some Modulation abbreviated PFM)</p><p>　　The constant change

25、 of the pulse width, through the working frequency switches to change the way SHCH.</p><p>　　Third, mix modulation</p><p>　　Conduction pulse width and switch jobs are not fixed frequency, each o

26、ther can change the way, and it is more than two ways of mixed.</p><p>　　High frequency switching power supply [1] don't need to increase speed switches can theoretically the switch loss to zero, and noi

27、se is small</p><p>　　The development of switch power</p><p>　　Switching power supply for has the advantages of small size, light weight, high efficiency, low calorific value and stable performan

28、ce advantages and gradually replace traditional manufacturing technology of continuous work power, and widely used in electronic machine and equipment. In the 1980s, the full realization of computer, the switching power

29、supply complete computer. In the 1990s, switch power supply in electronics, electrical equipment, and home appliance field has been widely applied; </p><p>　　Switching voltage stabilizer adopts power semicon

30、ductor as switch, through the control switch SHCH adjustment output voltage. In power transistors (GTR), for example, when a switch tube saturated conductivity, the collector and emitter on both ends of the pressure drop

31、 to zero, When the switch tube, the collector current deadline to zero. So the consumption, efficiency can be up to 70-95. While consumption also decrease. Radiator switching voltage stabilizer for grid voltage directly

32、rectifier, </p><p>　　In addition, due to the low consumption, low temperature; improve the stability and reliability of the machine. And on the grid adaptive capability has increased, the average power seria

33、l Manos tat allows for 220 ± 10% fluctuate, but switching voltage stabilizer in voltage in a 110-260 volts range change, can obtain stable output voltage.</p><p>　　The high frequency switching power sup

34、ply is the development of technology innovation technology, high frequency of the benefit is that switching power supply device to miniaturization, and make an unprecedented power switch into a wide range of areas, espec

35、ially in the high-tech fields of application, promote the high-tech products of miniaturization, light. Now on the market of switch power supply power tube with a bipolar transistor, switch frequency can reach several KH

36、Z, The switch power MO</p><p>　　It can greatly improve switch speed, theoretically switch loss to zero, the noise is small, and it is to improve the working frequency of switch power. By way of resonant swit

37、ching converter has practical level MHZ. Pursuit of switch power supply technical development trend and can be summarized in the following four aspects.</p><p>　　A miniaturization, thin, light, high frequenc

38、y switching power supply of -- of volume, weight is mainly composed of storage devices (magnetic components and capacitance), so the miniaturization of switch power supply is essentially to minimize the volume of storage

39、 devices, In a certain range, the switch frequency, not only can effectively reduce capacitance and inductance and the size of the transformer, but also can restrain the interference, improve the dynamic performance of t

40、he system. Ther</p><p>　　Second, high reliability - the use of switch power supply for a job than components ten times, thus increasing the reliability. From the Angle of life, capacitors, optical coupler an

41、d platoon devices such as life determines the communication power of life. So, from design, use less as far as possible, improve integration. Such not only solved the reliability of complex, the circuit, also increases p

42、rotection function, simplify the circuit improve MTBF.</p><p>　　Third, low noise - one of switch power supply noise is. Simply pursuit of high frequency and noise also is met subsequently increased. The part

43、ial resonant converting circuit technology, in principle on which can not only improve the frequency and can reduce the noise. So, as far as possible to reduce the noise influence of switch power supply is a development

44、direction.</p><p>　　Four, using computer aided design and control -- USES the latest technology design CDD CAA and transformation of topology and the best parameters, make the switch power structure and the

45、best condition. Jane, in the circuit into microcomputers detection and control, monitoring system, can form multi-function real-time detection, record and automatic alarm and etc.</p><p>　　The development of

46、 switch power supply is and semiconductor devices and the development of magnetic components. The high frequency, need corresponding high-speed semiconductor</p><p>　　A high-frequency electromagnetic with ex

47、cellent performance. Development power MOSFET, IGBT etc, develop new high-speed device with low frequency magnetic materials, improving the loss of magnetic components of the structure and the design method, enhances the

48、 filter capacitor dielectric constant and reduce its equivalent series resistor etc, to switch power miniaturization has produced a great impetus</p><p><b>　　高頻開關(guān)電源介紹</b></p><p><

49、b>　　簡介</b></p><p>　　高頻開關(guān)電源(也稱為開關(guān)型整流器SMR)通過MOSFET或IGBT的高頻工作，開關(guān)頻率一般控制在50-100kHz范圍內(nèi)，實(shí)現(xiàn)高效率和小型化。近幾年，開關(guān)整流器的功率容量不斷擴(kuò)大，單機(jī)容量己從48V/12.5A、48V/20A擴(kuò)大到48V/200A、48V/400A。 </p><p>　　高頻開關(guān)電源是傳統(tǒng)整流器（硅整流器 ，可

50、控硅整流器）的升級(jí)替代產(chǎn)品。高頻開關(guān)電源以使用方便，體積小，效率高，工作穩(wěn)定，鍍層細(xì)致等絕對(duì)的優(yōu)勢(shì)迅速占領(lǐng)市場。廣泛使用于電鍍，電解，氧化等表面處理行業(yè)，并得到新老客戶的一致好評(píng)。 </p><p><b>　　產(chǎn)品特點(diǎn)：</b></p><p>　　1．本產(chǎn)品采用進(jìn)口名牌元器件和國際先進(jìn)的全橋逆變換流技術(shù)精密加工而成，使整機(jī)的性能穩(wěn)定，質(zhì)量更加可靠。</p&g

51、t;<p>　　2.流輸出波形為高頻方波，紋波系數(shù)大大主小于1%，可提高鍍數(shù)，拒絕鈍化，增強(qiáng)鍍層表面的光澤度和鍍件暗角的鉆芯度。并可減少原材料的損耗，達(dá)到電鍍行業(yè)的各種特殊要求。 </p><p>　　3.SFG系列高頻開關(guān)電源采用風(fēng)冷式設(shè)計(jì)，安裝方便。并配有遠(yuǎn)控裝置，操作簡單。可以帶負(fù)載開關(guān)機(jī)，減少調(diào)節(jié)的煩瑣程序。 </p><p>　　4.體積小、重量輕，整機(jī)運(yùn)用了全方位

52、的防腐工藝制作，增強(qiáng)了產(chǎn)品的防腐蝕能力，延長了使用壽命。 </p><p>　　5.高效，節(jié)能，工作效率達(dá)到90%以上，任意電壓電流比始終成線性匹配。省去了傳統(tǒng)整流器的調(diào)壓器和主變的損耗，節(jié)能在35%以上，大大的減輕了電鍍成本，實(shí)為表面處理行業(yè)最理智的選 </p><p><b>　　高頻開關(guān)電源原理</b></p><p><b>

53、　　一、主電路</b></p><p>　　從交流電網(wǎng)輸入、直流輸出的全過程，包括： </p><p>　　1、輸入濾波器：其作用是將電網(wǎng)存在的雜波過濾，同時(shí)也阻礙本機(jī)產(chǎn)生的雜波反饋到公共電網(wǎng)。 </p><p>　　2、整流與濾波：將電網(wǎng)交流電源直接整流為較平滑的直流電，以供下一級(jí)變換。 </p><p>　　3、逆變：將整流后

54、的直流電變?yōu)楦哳l交流電，這是高頻開關(guān)電源的核心部分，頻率越高，體積、重量與輸出功率之比越小。 </p><p>　　4、輸出整流與濾波：根據(jù)負(fù)載需要，提供穩(wěn)定可靠的直流電源。 </p><p><b>　　二、控制電路</b></p><p>　　一方面從輸出端取樣，經(jīng)與設(shè)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行比較，然后去控制逆變器，改變其頻率或脈寬，達(dá)到輸出穩(wěn)定，另一方

55、面，根據(jù)測試電路提供的資料，經(jīng)保護(hù)電路鑒別，提供控制電路對(duì)整機(jī)進(jìn)行各種保護(hù)措施。</p><p><b>　　三、檢測電路</b></p><p>　　除了提供保護(hù)電路中正在運(yùn)行中各種參數(shù)外，還提供各種顯示儀表資料。</p><p><b>　　四、輔助電源</b></p><p>　　提供所有單一

56、電路的不同要求電源。</p><p><b>　　開關(guān)控制穩(wěn)壓原理</b></p><p>　　開關(guān)K以一定的時(shí)間間隔重復(fù)地接通和斷開，在開關(guān)K接通時(shí)，輸入電源E通過開關(guān)K和濾波電路提供給負(fù)載RL，在整個(gè)開關(guān)接通期間，電源E向負(fù)載提供能量；當(dāng)開關(guān)K斷開時(shí)，輸入電源E便中斷了能量的提供?？梢姡斎腚娫聪蜇?fù)載提供能量是斷續(xù)的，為使負(fù)載能得到連續(xù)的能量提供，開關(guān)穩(wěn)壓電源必須

57、要有一套儲(chǔ)能裝置，在開關(guān)接通時(shí)將一部份能量儲(chǔ)存起來，在開關(guān)斷開時(shí)，向負(fù)載釋放。圖中，由電感L、電容C2和二極管D組成的電路，就具有這種功能。電感L用以儲(chǔ)存能量，在開關(guān)斷開時(shí)，儲(chǔ)存在電感L中的能量通過二極管D釋放給負(fù)載，使負(fù)載得到連續(xù)而穩(wěn)定的能量，因二極管D使負(fù)載電流連續(xù)不斷，所以稱為續(xù)流二極管。在AB間的電壓平均值EAB可用下式表示：</p><p>　　EAB=TON/T*E</p><p&

58、gt;　　式中TON為開關(guān)每次接通的時(shí)間，T為開關(guān)通斷的工作周期（即開關(guān)接通時(shí)間TON和關(guān)斷時(shí)間TOFF之和）。</p><p>　　由式可知，改變開關(guān)接通時(shí)間和工作周期的比例，AB間電壓的平均值也隨之改變，因此，隨著負(fù)載及輸入電源電壓的變化自動(dòng)調(diào)整TON和T的比例便能使輸出電壓V0維持不變。改變接通時(shí)間TON和工作周期比例亦即改變脈沖的占空比，這種方法稱為“時(shí)間比率控制”（Time Ratio Control,

59、縮寫為TRC）。</p><p>　　按TRC控制原理，有三種方式：</p><p>　　一、脈沖寬度調(diào)制（Pulse Width Modulation,縮寫為PWM） </p><p>　　開關(guān)周期恒定，通過改變脈沖寬度來改變占空比的方式。 </p><p>　　二、脈沖頻率調(diào)制（Pulse Frequency Modulation,縮寫為

60、PFM） </p><p>　　導(dǎo)通脈沖寬度恒定，通過改變開關(guān)工作頻率來改變占空比的方式。 </p><p><b>　　三、混合調(diào)制 </b></p><p>　　導(dǎo)通脈沖寬度和開關(guān)工作頻率均不固定，彼此都能改變的方式，它是以上二種方式的混合。 </p><p>　　高頻開關(guān)電源[1]不需要大幅度提高開關(guān)速度就可以在理

61、論上把開關(guān)損耗降到零，而且噪聲也小</p><p><b>　　開關(guān)電源的發(fā)展</b></p><p>　　開關(guān)電源因具有體積小、重量輕、效率高、發(fā)熱量低、性能穩(wěn)定等優(yōu)點(diǎn)而逐漸取代傳統(tǒng)技術(shù)制造的連續(xù)工作電源，并廣泛應(yīng)用于電子整機(jī)與設(shè)備中。20世紀(jì)80年代，計(jì)算機(jī)全面實(shí)現(xiàn)了開關(guān)電源化，率先完成計(jì)算機(jī)的電源換代。20世紀(jì)90年代，開關(guān)電源在電子、電器設(shè)備、家電領(lǐng)域得到了廣

62、泛的應(yīng)用，開關(guān)電源技術(shù)進(jìn)入快速發(fā)展期。</p><p>　　開關(guān)型穩(wěn)壓電源采用功率半導(dǎo)體器件作為開關(guān)，通過控制開關(guān)的占空比調(diào)整輸出電壓。以功率晶體管(GTR)為例，當(dāng)開關(guān)管飽和導(dǎo)通時(shí)，集電極和發(fā)射極兩端的壓降接近零；當(dāng)開關(guān)管截止時(shí)，其集電極電流為零。所以其功耗小，效率可高達(dá)70%-95%。而功耗小，散熱器也隨之減小。開關(guān)型穩(wěn)壓電源直接對(duì)電網(wǎng)電壓進(jìn)行整流、濾波、調(diào)整，然后由開關(guān)調(diào)整管進(jìn)行穩(wěn)壓，不需要電源變壓器。此外

63、，開關(guān)工作頻率為幾十千赫，濾波電容器、電感器數(shù)值較小。因此開關(guān)電源具有重量輕、體積小等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。</p><p>　　另外，由于功耗小，機(jī)內(nèi)溫升低，提高了整機(jī)的穩(wěn)定性和可靠性。而且其對(duì)電網(wǎng)的適應(yīng)能力也有較大的提高，一般串聯(lián)穩(wěn)壓電源允許電網(wǎng)波動(dòng)范圍為220±10%，而開關(guān)型穩(wěn)壓電源在電網(wǎng)電壓在110-260伏范圍內(nèi)變化時(shí)，都可獲得穩(wěn)定的輸出電壓。</p><p>　　開關(guān)電源的高頻化是

64、電源技術(shù)發(fā)展的創(chuàng)新技術(shù)，高頻化帶來的效益是使開關(guān)電源裝置空前地小型化，并使開關(guān)電源進(jìn)入更廣泛的領(lǐng)域，特別是在高新技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用，推動(dòng)了高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)品的小型化、輕便化。另外開關(guān)電源的發(fā)展與應(yīng)用在節(jié)約資源及保護(hù)環(huán)境方面都具有深遠(yuǎn)的意義。</p><p>　　目前市場上開關(guān)電源中功率管多采用雙極型晶體管，開關(guān)頻率可達(dá)幾十千赫；采用MOSFET的開關(guān)電源轉(zhuǎn)換頻率可達(dá)幾百千赫。為提高開關(guān)頻率，必須采用高速開關(guān)器件。對(duì)于兆赫以

65、上開關(guān)頻率的電源可利用諧振電路，這種工作方式稱為諧振開關(guān)方式。</p><p>　　它可以極大地提高開關(guān)速度，理論上開關(guān)損耗為零，噪聲也很小，這是提高開關(guān)電源工作頻率的一種方式。采用諧振開關(guān)方式的兆赫級(jí)變換器已經(jīng)實(shí)用化。開關(guān)電源的技術(shù)追求和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)可以概括為以下四個(gè)方面。</p><p>　　一、小型化、薄型化、輕量化、高頻化———開關(guān)電源的體積、重量主要是由儲(chǔ)能元件（磁性元件和電容）決定

66、的，因此開關(guān)電源的小型化實(shí)質(zhì)上就是盡可能減小其中儲(chǔ)能元件的體積；在一定范圍內(nèi)，開關(guān)頻率的提高，不僅能有效地減小電容、電感及變壓器的尺寸，而且還能夠抑制干擾，改善系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)態(tài)性能。因此，高頻化是開關(guān)電源的主要發(fā)展方向。</p><p>　　二、高可靠性———開關(guān)電源使用的元器件比連續(xù)工作電源少數(shù)十倍，因此提高了可靠性。從壽命角度出發(fā)，電解電容、光耦合器及排風(fēng)扇等器件的壽命決定著通信電源的壽命。所以，要從設(shè)計(jì)方面著眼，

67、盡可能使用較少的器件，提高集成度。這樣不但解決了電路復(fù)雜、可靠性差的問題，也增加了保護(hù)等功能，簡化了電路，提高了平均無故障時(shí)間。</p><p>　　三、低噪聲———開關(guān)電源的缺點(diǎn)之一是噪聲大。單純地追求高頻化，噪聲也會(huì)隨之增大。采用部分諧振轉(zhuǎn)換回路技術(shù)，在原理上既可以提高頻率又可以降低噪聲。所以，盡可能地降低噪聲影響是開關(guān)電源的又一發(fā)展方向。</p><p>　　四、采用計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)和

68、控制———采用CAA和CDD技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)最新變換拓?fù)浜妥罴褏?shù)，使開關(guān)電源具有最簡結(jié)構(gòu)和最佳工況。在電路中引入微機(jī)檢測和控制，可構(gòu)成多功能監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)，可以實(shí)時(shí)檢測、記錄并自動(dòng)報(bào)警等。</p><p>　　開關(guān)電源的發(fā)展從來都是與半導(dǎo)體器件及磁性元件等的發(fā)展休戚相關(guān)的。高頻化的實(shí)現(xiàn)，需要相應(yīng)的高速半導(dǎo)體件和性能優(yōu)良的高頻電磁元件。發(fā)展功率MOSFET、IGBT等新型高速器件，開發(fā)高頻用的低損磁性材料，改進(jìn)磁元件的結(jié)構(gòu)及設(shè)