本科教學與質(zhì)量控制

1、學業(yè)指導(dǎo)Academic Guidance for Undergraduates,南京工業(yè)大學教務(wù)處2012-08,,幾個值得注意的現(xiàn)象,有些人剛剛明白大學是怎么回事，就已經(jīng)畢業(yè)了；有些人還沒有明白，就糊里糊涂畢業(yè)了；有些人最后終于明白了，不過沒能畢業(yè)；還有些人一直沒明白，也沒能畢業(yè)。,課程說明,課程之目標從總體上探討何謂大學、大學學什么和如何學的問題為此，從三方面展開認識大學——回答什么是大學的問題（1講）感受大學

2、——了解我們的大學（學生以自我體驗方式完成）成就大學——討論學什么和如何學的問題（2講）課程實施——講課（3）+學生體驗（1）+討論（1）課程團隊——陳新民、孫蕓、鄭樂、費翔（聯(lián)系方式：58139182，jwcjy@njut.edu.cn）,大家對課程的預(yù)期是什么,,？,認識大學,——什么是大學,學業(yè)指導(dǎo)-1 Academic Guidance for Undergraduates,思考？,何謂大學？如何認識大學？我們的

3、認識路徑,認識大學的兩條路徑,從中學與大學的比較中認識大學——橫向從大學的發(fā)展歷史中認識大學——縱向,思考？,大學與中學有何不同？,中學與大學之區(qū)別,FOLLOWING THE RULES IN HIGH SCHOOLGOING TO HIGH SCHOOL CLASSESHIGH SCHOOL TEACHERSTESTS IN HIGH SCHOOLGRADES IN HIGH SCHOOL,CHOOSING RESPON

4、SIBLY IN COLLEGESUCCEEDING IN COLLEGE CLASSESCOLLEGE PROFESSORSTESTS IN COLLEGEGRADES IN COLLEGE,中學與大學之區(qū)別-1,FOLLOWING THE RULES IN HIGH SCHOOLCHOOSING RESPONSIBLY IN COLLEGE,中學與大學之區(qū)別-1,High school is mandatory and

5、usually free.College is voluntary and expensive.,中學與大學之區(qū)別-1,Your time is structured by others.You manage your own time.,中學與大學之區(qū)別-1,You need permission to participate in extracurricular activities.You must decide wh

6、ether to participate in co-curricular activities.,中學與大學之區(qū)別-1,You can count on parents and teachers to remind you of your responsibilities and to guide you in setting priorities.You must balance your responsibilities an

7、d set priorities. You will face moral and ethical decisions you have never faced before.,中學與大學之區(qū)別-1,Most of your classes are arranged for you.You arrange your own schedule in consultation with your adviser. Schedules t

8、end to look lighter than they really are.,中學與大學之區(qū)別-1,You are not responsible for knowing what it takes to graduate.Graduation requirements are complex, and differ from year to year. You are expected to know those that

9、apply to you.,中學與大學之區(qū)別-1,Guiding principle: You will usually be told what to do and corrected if your behavior is out of line.Guiding principle: You are expected to take responsibility for what you do and don't do,

10、 as well as for the consequences of your decisions.,中學與大學之區(qū)別-2,GOING TO HIGH SCHOOL CLASSESSUCCEEDING IN COLLEGE CLASSES,中學與大學之區(qū)別-2,Classes generally have no more than 50 students.Classes may number 100 students or m

11、ore.,中學與大學之區(qū)別-2,You may study outside class as little as 0 to 2 hours a week, and this may be mostly last-minute test preparation.You need to study at least 2 to 3 hours outside of class for each hour in class.,中學與大學之區(qū)

12、別-2,You seldom need to read anything more than once, and sometimes listening in class is enough.You need to review class notes and text material regularly.,中學與大學之區(qū)別-2,You are expected to read short assignments that are

13、 then discussed, and often re-taught, in class.You are assigned substantial amounts of reading and writing which may not be directly addressed in class.,中學與大學之區(qū)別-2,Guiding principle: You will usually be told in class w

14、hat you need to learn from assigned readings.Guiding principle: It's up to you to read and understand the assigned material; lectures and assignments proceed from the assumption that you've already done so.,中學與

15、大學之區(qū)別-3,HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERSCOLLEGE PROFESSORS,中學與大學之區(qū)別-3,Teachers check your completed homework.Professors may not always check completed homework, but they will assume you can perform the same tasks on tests.,中學與大學

16、之區(qū)別-3,Teachers remind you of your incomplete work.Professors may not remind you of incomplete work.,中學與大學之區(qū)別-3,Teachers approach you if they believe you need assistance.Professors are usually open and helpful, but mo

17、st expect you to initiate contact if you need assistance.,中學與大學之區(qū)別-3,Teachers are often available for conversation before, during, or after class.Professors expect and want you to attend their scheduled office hours.,中

18、學與大學之區(qū)別-3,Teachers have been trained in teaching methods to assist in imparting knowledge to students.Professors have been trained as experts in their particular areas of research.,中學與大學之區(qū)別-3,Teachers provide you with

19、information you missed when you were absent.Professors expect you to get from classmates any notes from classes you missed.,中學與大學之區(qū)別-3,Teachers present material to help you understand the material in the textbook.Pro

20、fessors may not follow the textbook. Instead, to amplify the text, they may give illustrations, provide background information, or discuss research about the topic you are studying. Or they may expect you to relate the c

21、lasses to the textbook readings.,中學與大學之區(qū)別-3,Teachers often write information on the board to be copied in your notes. Professors may lecture nonstop, expecting you to identify the important points in your notes. When p

22、rofessors write on the board, it may be to amplify the lecture, not to summarize it. Good notes are a must.,中學與大學之區(qū)別-3,Teachers impart knowledge and facts, sometimes drawing direct connections and leading you through the

23、 thinking process.Professors expect you to think about and synthesize seemingly unrelated topics.,中學與大學之區(qū)別-3,Teachers often take time to remind you of assignments and due dates.Professors expect you to read, save, an

24、d consult the course syllabus (outline); the syllabus spells out exactly what is expected of you, when it is due, and how you will be graded.,中學與大學之區(qū)別-3,Teachers carefully monitor class attendance.Professors may not fo

25、rmally take roll, but they are still likely to know whether or not you attended.,中學與大學之區(qū)別-3,Guiding principle: High school is a teaching environment in which you acquire facts and skills.Guiding principle: College is a

26、 learning environment in which you take responsibility for thinking through and applying what you have learned.,中學與大學之區(qū)別-4,TESTS IN HIGH SCHOOLTESTS IN COLLEGE,中學與大學之區(qū)別-4,Testing is frequent and covers small amounts of

27、 material.Testing is usually infrequent and may be cumulative, covering large amounts of material. You, not the professor, need to organize the material to prepare for the test. A particular course may have only 2 or 3

28、 tests in a semester.,中學與大學之區(qū)別-4,Teachers frequently rearrange test dates to avoid conflict with school events.Professors in different courses usually schedule tests without regard to the demands of other courses or ou

29、tside activities.,中學與大學之區(qū)別-4,Teachers frequently conduct review sessions, pointing out the most important concepts.Professors rarely offer review sessions, and when they do, they expect you to be an active participant,

30、 one who comes prepared with questions.,中學與大學之區(qū)別-4,Guiding principle: Mastery is usually seen as the ability to reproduce what you were taught in the form in which it was presented to you, or to solve the kinds of proble

31、ms you were shown how to solve.Guiding principle: Mastery is often seen as the ability to apply what you've learned to new situations or to solve new kinds of problems.,中學與大學之區(qū)別-5,GRADES IN HIGH SCHOOLGRADES IN C

32、OLLEGE,中學與大學之區(qū)別-5,Grades are given for most assigned work.Grades may not be provided for all assigned work.,中學與大學之區(qū)別-5,Consistently good homework grades may raise your overall grade when test grades are low.Grades on

33、 tests and major papers usually provide most of the course grade.,中學與大學之區(qū)別-5,You may graduate as long as you have passed all required courses with a grade of D or higher.You may graduate only if your average in classes

34、 meets the departmental standard--typically a 2.0 or C.,中學與大學之區(qū)別-5,Guiding principle: "Effort counts." Courses are usually structured to reward a "good-faith effort. " Guiding principle: "Resul

35、ts count." Though "good-faith effort" is important in regard to the professor's willingness to help you achieve good results, it will not substitute for results in the grading process.,,從中學與大學的比較中認識大學—

36、—橫向從大學的發(fā)展歷史中認識大學——縱向,大學的理念,關(guān)于大學的思想、觀念，是純粹理性的概念。如：霍爾丹勛爵：“大學是民族靈魂的反映”。 亞伯拉罕·弗萊克斯納：“保存知識和觀念、解釋知識和觀念、追求真理、訓(xùn)練學生以‘繼承事業(yè)’”。關(guān)于大學的理想，是對大學的價值、目的、使命等的認識與追求。 如：伯頓·克拉克：“進行科研和研究生教育的探究的場所”。 克拉克·

37、;克爾：“社會服務(wù)站”。,三種具有影響的大學理念,1.紐曼(John Herry Newman,1801-1890)的大學理念：《大學的理想》大學是一個提供博雅教育（liberal education），培育紳士的地方（雖然他也認為大學可以訓(xùn)練職業(yè)人才）。大學的目的在于“傳授”學問，而不是“發(fā)展”知識?！叭绻髮W的目的在于科學與哲學的發(fā)明，那么，我看不出為什么大學應(yīng)該有學生”。大學是一個教育機構(gòu)，是培養(yǎng)人才的機構(gòu)。,三種具有影

38、響的大學理念,2.弗萊克斯納(Abraham Flexner, 1866-1959)的大學理念：《現(xiàn)代大學論》洪堡的柏林大學辦學理念：大學是研究中心。大學重在發(fā)展知識而不是傳授知識，當然，通過教學來傳授知識也是一個任務(wù)。發(fā)展知識是為了更好地傳授知識。大學應(yīng)該是一個“有機體”，應(yīng)該探討“物理世界”、“社群世界”等方面的知識。大學不應(yīng)該訓(xùn)練“實務(wù)人才”，不應(yīng)該開設(shè)職業(yè)訓(xùn)練課程。大學應(yīng)該注意創(chuàng)造學校和社會文化。研究在大學的出現(xiàn)被

39、看作是“現(xiàn)代”的標志。,三種具有影響的大學理念,3.克爾(Clark Kerr)的大學理念：《大學的功用》美國贈地學院的出現(xiàn)，大學積極參與到社會發(fā)展進程中。學術(shù)與市場結(jié)合，大學成為社會的“服務(wù)站”?！岸嘣扌痛髮W”的稱謂。大學就是一個完整的社會，是一個“知識性的社會”?？藸栒f：紐曼心目中的大學是“鄉(xiāng)村”，弗萊克斯納心目中的大學是“市鎮(zhèn)”，當代的大學是“城市”。,大學之變,大學從培養(yǎng)貴族（傳統(tǒng)大學）到培養(yǎng)學者（德國現(xiàn)代大學）到

40、最后培養(yǎng)公民（美國近現(xiàn)代大學）大學從象牙塔(ivory tower) 模式變成社會發(fā)動機 (social engine) 模式，再到成為服務(wù)站 (the community service station) 和創(chuàng)業(yè)型 (entrepreneurial university) 模式,大學的內(nèi)涵,大學是思想庫，精神文明的輻射源，社會發(fā)展的智慧源大學是知識經(jīng)濟的輻射源大學培養(yǎng)的是“大”人才，而不是一般的工匠、技師大學所要解答的總是帶

41、有根本性的問題 大學是培養(yǎng)通才，給學生發(fā)放不同價值文憑的學府,大學的品味,人們主要是通過大學校園文化的特征來識別大學所屬的品味等級，即是以大學里所有可以看見的事物和可以聽到的話語、自然流露出來的信息所傳遞的格調(diào)來評判大學的品味的。 大學物質(zhì)文化的品味：“意”大學行為文化的品味：“雅”大學制度文化的品味：“和”大學精神文化的品味：“真”,意,事物流露的情態(tài)——如春意校園物質(zhì)文化的實用性校園物質(zhì)文化的哲學沉思、科學物理、倫理

42、規(guī)范、科學追求崇尚廣博、自然、深邃,雅,“大學人”應(yīng)作為一個相對獨立的文化精英(而非社會精英，不屬于政治學意義上的官僚，也不屬于經(jīng)濟上豐盈的“上層階級”和“新中產(chǎn)階級”) 群體而存在崇尚創(chuàng)造性和個性風格，追求思想的獨立性、倫理的嚴肅性與藝術(shù)的完美性不同于體制文化的正統(tǒng)趣味和大眾文化的流行趣味,和,應(yīng)具有包容和吸納各種學問的胸懷和氣魄教師和學生在教與學的過程中應(yīng)主動打破壁壘分明的系科限制，主動探討，相互辯難，以汲取各種文化知識的營

43、養(yǎng)， 使自己盡可能多地接觸universal knowledge 的分支， 成為真正意義上的“大學人”,真,大學是探求高深學問的殿堂，高深學問忠實于真理哈佛大學的校訓(xùn)：“與柏拉圖相知，與亞里士多德相知， 更重要的是與真理相知”Let Plato be your friend, and Aristotle, but more let your friend be truth.,大學之“大”,大學之“大” ，因有“大家”而謂大大學之“

44、大” ，因有“大師”而謂大大學之“大” ，因有館藏豐富的圖書館和濃郁的校園文化氛圍而謂大大學之“大”，因?qū)χR探究的高深與博大而謂大。大學之“大”，因有“大學生”而大……,學生,學者,學長,學時,學期,學年,學制,學籍,學歷,學位,學分,學子,學問,學識,學費,學風,學界,學科,學派,學術(shù),大學之“學”,歡迎咨詢與討論,郵箱：jwc@njut.edu.cn網(wǎng)址：jwc.njut.edu.cn地址：南京工業(yè)大學江浦校區(qū)教務(wù)處