of-studies原文譯文及賞析

1、培根OfStudies原文及三個(gè)版本的漢譯【原文】Studiesservefdelightfnamentfability.Theirchiefusefdelightisinprivatenessretiringfnamentisindiscoursefabilityisinthejudgmentdispositionofbusiness.Fexpertmencanexecuteperhapsjudgeofparticularsoneby

2、onebutthegeneralcounselstheplotsmarshallingofaffairscomebestfromthosethatarelearned.Tospendtoomuchtimeinstudiesisslothtousethemtoomuchfnamentisaffectiontomakejudgmentwhollybytheirrulesisthehumofascholar.Theyperfectnature

3、areperfectedbyexperience:fnaturalabilitiesarelikenaturalplantsthatneedpruningbystudystudiesthemselvesdogivefthdirectionstoomuchatlargeexcepttheybeboundedinbyexperience.Craftymencontemnstudiessimplemenadmirethemwisemenuse

4、themftheyteachnottheirownusebutthatisawisdomwithoutthemabovethemwonbyobservation.Readnottocontradictconfusentobelievetakefgrantedntofindtalkdiscoursebuttoweighconsider.Somebooksaretobetastedotherstobeswallowedsomefewtobe

5、cheweddigestedthatissomebooksaretobereadonlyinpartsotherstobereadbutnotcuriouslysomefewtobereadywhollywithdiligenceattention.Somebooksalsomaybereadbydeputyextractsmadeofthembyothersbutthatwouldbeonlyinthelessimptantargum

6、entsthemeanerstofbookselsedistilledbooksarelikecommondistilledwatersflashythings.Readingmakesafullmanconferenceareadymanwritinganexactman.therefeifamanwritelittlehehadneedhaveagreatmemyifheconferlittlehehadneedhaveaprese

7、ntwitifhereadlittlehehadneedhavemuchcunningtoseemtoknowthathedothnot.Histiesmakemenwisepoetswittythemathematicssubtlenaturalphilosophydeepmalgravelogicrheticabletocontend.Abeuntstudiainmes.Naythereisnostondimpedimentinth

8、ewitbutmaybewroughtoutbyfitstudies:likeasdiseasesofthebodymayhaveappropriateexercises.Bowlingisgoodfthestonereinsshootingfthelungsbreastgentlewalkingfthestomachridingftheheadthelike.Soifaman’switbeweringlethimstudythemat

9、hematicsfindemonstrationsifhiswitbecalledawayneversolittlehemustbeginagain.Ifhiswitbenotapttodistinguishfinddifferenceslethimstudytheschoolmenftheyaresyminisectes.Ifhebenotapttobeatovermatterstocalluponethingtoproveillus

10、trateanotherlethimstudythelawyers’cases.Soeverydefectofthemindmayhaveaspecialreceipt.Abeuntstudiainmes:StudiespassintotheacterSyminisectes:dividersofcuminseedshairsplitters大師們因?yàn)樗麄冋瞧饰龊涟l(fā)的人.假若一個(gè)人心靈遲滯不能舉一反三最好讓他去研究律師的案件.所以每一

11、種心理缺陷都有一種特殊的補(bǔ)救良方.三、孫有中譯文論學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)可以作為消遣作為裝點(diǎn)也可以增進(jìn)才能.其為消遣之用主在獨(dú)處、歸休之時(shí)；為裝點(diǎn)則在高談闊論之中；為才能則在明辨是非、深謀遠(yuǎn)慮之間；因?yàn)閷Ｓ谝患颊呖梢圆俪稚趸蚺袛嘁皇乱晃锒ㄓ胁W(xué)之士方能縱觀全局通權(quán)達(dá)變。國(guó)度沉溺于學(xué)習(xí)是怠惰；國(guó)度炫耀學(xué)問(wèn)是華而不實(shí)；食書(shū)不化乃書(shū)生之大疾.學(xué)習(xí)可以完善天性并通過(guò)經(jīng)驗(yàn)得以完善自身；因?yàn)樘焐弄q如天然之草木尚需通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)加以修整；而紙上學(xué)位未免空談除非由經(jīng)

12、驗(yàn)加以約束.聰穎者鄙視學(xué)習(xí)愚魯者羨慕學(xué)習(xí)明智者利用學(xué)習(xí)；學(xué)習(xí)本身并不教人如何運(yùn)用；唯有觀察可以帶來(lái)超越學(xué)習(xí)的智慧.讀書(shū)不為爭(zhēng)論長(zhǎng)短不為輕信盲從也不為高談闊論而旨在衡情度理.有些書(shū)可以淺嘗輒止有些書(shū)可以生吞而有少數(shù)書(shū)應(yīng)該細(xì)嚼慢咽融會(huì)貫通；換言之有些書(shū)可以閱讀但不必謹(jǐn)小慎微；而有少數(shù)書(shū)應(yīng)該悉心通讀刻苦研習(xí).有些書(shū)可以請(qǐng)人代讀也可以讀其節(jié)選；但這只限于那些不夠重要的論述和粗制濫造的書(shū)籍；否則經(jīng)過(guò)提煉的書(shū)猶如經(jīng)過(guò)提煉的水一樣淡而無(wú)味.讀書(shū)使人充

13、實(shí)老論使人機(jī)智筆記使人嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)；因此假若一個(gè)人很少做筆記那他需要有超人的記憶；假若他很少討論那他需要天資聰穎；而假若他很少讀書(shū)那他需要有充分的狡詐掩飾自己的無(wú)知.讀史使人明智讀詩(shī)使人聰穎算數(shù)使人縝密自然哲學(xué)使人深刻倫理使人莊重邏輯與修辭使人善辨.總之學(xué)習(xí)造就性格；不盡如此心智中任何障礙可以通過(guò)恰當(dāng)?shù)膶W(xué)習(xí)來(lái)疏通.這正如身體尚的疾病可以通過(guò)恰當(dāng)?shù)腻憻拋?lái)消除：滾球有益于腰腎射箭有益于胸肺慢步有益于腸胃騎馬有益于大腦等等.因此假若有人甚至懶散那就讓

14、他學(xué)習(xí)算術(shù)因?yàn)樵谘菟阒凶⒁饬ι杂蟹稚⑺捅仨殢念^做起；假若他的智慧不足以辨別差異那就讓他學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)院哲學(xué)家因?yàn)樗麄兩朴诖得蟠?；而假若他不擅處理事?wù)不能觸類(lèi)旁通那就讓他學(xué)習(xí)律師的案例.因此心智上的每一種缺陷都可能有專門(mén)的藥方.【文趣欣賞】OfStudies是培根400年前撰寫(xiě)的一篇探討讀書(shū)問(wèn)題的散文雜記亦是英語(yǔ)文學(xué)中婦孺皆知的勸學(xué)名篇.該文筆力遒勁蒼幽思想精深悠遠(yuǎn)行文簡(jiǎn)潔明快論述深入淺出分析桴鼓相應(yīng)讀來(lái)時(shí)若春雨潤(rùn)物時(shí)若激流漂石時(shí)若清風(fēng)拂面時(shí)

15、若萬(wàn)籟俱號(hào)令人似置身莊子《齊物論》所謂之“野馬也塵埃也生物之以息相吹也”之境界中.OfStudies從讀書(shū)之功用立論分析了讀書(shū)學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)人生不同凡響的意義.同時(shí)人們對(duì)讀書(shū)學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度之取向、方法之別異也直接影響到了學(xué)習(xí)效果的涇渭兩色.培根以為讀書(shū)的功用有三即Studiesservefdelightfnamentfability.其在人生中的具體體現(xiàn)亦有三即Theirchiefusefdelightisinprivatenessretiringf

16、namentisindiscoursefabilityisinthejudgmentdispositionofbusiness.在作者看來(lái)人們的經(jīng)驗(yàn)與學(xué)識(shí)亦直接影響其讀書(shū)之取向與效用.具體說(shuō)來(lái)就是expertmencanexecuteperhapsjudgeofparticularsonebyonebutthegeneralcounselstheplotsmarshallingofaffairscomebestfromthosethat