簡介：畢業(yè)設計畢業(yè)設計論文論文外文資料翻譯外文資料翻譯學院計算機工程學院專業(yè)班級學生姓名學號指導教師外文出處外文HTTP//ENWIKIPEDIAORG/WIKI/JAVA_PROGRAMMING_LANGUAGE附件1外文資料翻譯譯文；2外文原文JAVA技術及技術及SSH框架和框架和JSP技術的介紹技術的介紹JAVA，是一種可以撰寫跨平臺應用軟件的面向對象的程序設計語言，由當時任職太陽微系統(tǒng)的詹姆斯高斯林（JAMESGOSLING）等人于1990年代初開發(fā)。它最初被命名為OAK，目標設置在家用電器等小型系統(tǒng)的編程語言，來解決諸如電視機、電話、鬧鐘、烤面包機等家用電器的控制和通訊問題。由于這些智能化家電的市場需求沒有預期的高，SUN放棄了該項計劃。就在OAK幾近失敗之時，隨著互聯(lián)網的發(fā)展，SUN看到了OAK在計算機網絡上的廣闊應用前景，于是改造了OAK，在1995年5月以“JAVA”的名稱正式發(fā)布了。JAVA伴隨著互聯(lián)網的迅猛發(fā)展而發(fā)展，逐漸成為重要的網絡編程語言。JAVA編程語言的風格十分接近C語言。繼承了C語言面向對象技術的核心，JAVA舍棄了C語言中容易引起錯誤的指針（以引用取代）、運算符重載（OPERATOROVERLOADING）、多重繼承（以接口取代）等特性，增加了垃圾回收器功能用于回收不再被引用的對象所占據(jù)的內存空間。在JAVASE15版本中JAVA又引入了泛型編程（GENERICPROGRAMMING）、類型安全的枚舉、不定長參數(shù)和自動裝/拆箱等語言特性。JAVA不同于一般的編譯運行計算機語言和解釋執(zhí)行計算機語言。它首先將源代碼編譯成字節(jié)碼（BYTECODE），然后依賴各種不同平臺上的虛擬機來解釋執(zhí)行字節(jié)碼，從而實現(xiàn)了“一次編譯、到處執(zhí)行”的跨平臺特性。不過，這同時也在一定程度上降低了JAVA程序的運行效率。但在J2SE142發(fā)布后，JAVA的運行速度有了大幅提升。與傳統(tǒng)程序不同SUN公司在推出JAVA之際就將其作為一種開放的技術。全球數(shù)以萬計的JAVA開發(fā)公司被要求所設計的JAVA軟件必須相互兼容?！癑AVA語言靠群體的力量而非公司的力量”是SUN公司的口號之一，并獲得了廣大軟件開發(fā)商的認同。這與微軟公司所倡導的注重精英和封閉式的模式完全不同。SUN公司對JAVA編程語言的解釋是JAVA編程語言是個簡單、面向對象、分布式、解釋性、健壯、安全與系統(tǒng)無關、可移植、高性能、多線程和動態(tài)的語言。JAVA的歷史的歷史DUKE，JAVA語言的吉祥物語言最開始只是太陽微系統(tǒng)（SUNMICROSYSTEMS）公司在1990年12月開始研究的一個內部項目。太陽微系統(tǒng)公司的一個叫做帕特里克諾頓的工程師被公司自己開發(fā)的C和C語言編譯器搞得焦頭爛額，因為其中的API極其難用。帕特里克決定改用NEXT，同時他也獲得了研究公司的一個叫做“STEALTH計劃”的項目的機會?！癝TEALTH計劃”后來改名為“GREEN計劃”，詹姆斯高斯林和麥克舍林丹也加入了帕特里克的工作小組。他們和其他幾個工程師一起在加利福尼亞州門羅帕克

簡介：本科生畢業(yè)論文（設計）開題報告性別專業(yè)論文題目基于JSP在線教學系統(tǒng)的設計和實現(xiàn)□教師推薦題目□自擬題目題目來源教育教學題目類別應用研究指導教師A選題的目的、意義理論意義、現(xiàn)實意義隨著計算機和計算機網絡的迅速發(fā)展及其普及，大多數(shù)高校和一些有條件的學校都假設了校園網，校園網不但是師生獲取信息的便捷手段，也是提高辦公效率，實現(xiàn)無紙化辦公的重要手段，為了改變常規(guī)的教學模式，基于WEB的在線教學系統(tǒng)也將成為一個很好的革新。在線教學系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)設計為師生之間的交流和教學都做了一個最大的優(yōu)化，使得教室局限化教學有所延展，在一定程度上推進了網絡通信的發(fā)展。網絡教學系統(tǒng)從學生、教師、家長三個角色的需求來設計，實現(xiàn)了網絡教學和教學監(jiān)督等多方面的功能。并且本系統(tǒng)用IE登陸，讓使用人員不受地域和時間的限制，可以隨時隨地的進行學習、交流等。這個系統(tǒng)將成為每個用戶的好幫手，把學生家長老師結合在一起的機會，通過這個平臺，可以幫助老師、家長、孩子解決好各自的問題。比如師生比例失調，老師照顧不過來；學生不好意思問老師；家長輔導不了孩子，不了解孩子目前學習狀況排名等等。論文設計主要內容（提綱）基于B/C架構和JSP的特點，我準備從以下幾個方面進行系統(tǒng)的設計1、開發(fā)設計四個子系統(tǒng)一是MANAGER，二是TEACHER，三是STUDENT,四是PARENTS。被授權的用戶才能使用系統(tǒng)資源。2、不同身份用戶實現(xiàn)不同管理，系統(tǒng)驗證有效的身份才可以登錄。用戶的身份不同使用的系統(tǒng)資源也不同。3、對各個系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)。4、連接數(shù)據(jù)庫，使系統(tǒng)更加嚴密和完善。。5、為以后B/C架構發(fā)展留下空間，方便功能的擴展。6、系統(tǒng)開發(fā)環(huán)境使用的是TOMCAT作為WEB服務器，數(shù)據(jù)庫使用的SQLSEVER，編寫程序用ULTRAEDIT，JAVA使用的是160_38EA版本的。用戶分為教師、學生、家長和管理員，因此在用戶操作的時候要判斷用戶屬于哪一種類型，從而判斷用戶的所要使用的界面，然后用相應的程序來實現(xiàn)。教師是因為課程所存在的所以教師的編號就是課程的編號，我就把對課程的管理也放在用戶管理中，增加一門課程時候，也要相應的用課程編號作為教師的編號添加一個新的用戶。系統(tǒng)基本結構圖網上教學系統(tǒng)教師界面學生界面管理員界面?zhèn)€人信息網上教學在線資源管理其他在線資源瀏覽用戶管理課程管理個人信息網上教學其他其他家長成績查詢任課教師基本信息查詢留言意見

簡介：畢業(yè)設計論文任務書姓名張藝耀班號專業(yè)計算機及其應用同組姓名指導教師高鵬毅一、課題名稱基于JSP的BBS系統(tǒng)的設計與實現(xiàn)IIABSTRACTWITHTHERAPIDDEVELOPMENTOFINTERNET,VARIOUSNETWORKTECHNOLOGIESARECOMINGINTOUSEORUPDATECONTINUOUSLYANDJSPISTHEREJSPCHANGESTHEWEBPAGEFROMSTATICTODYNAMICANDTHEWEBCONTENTCANBECUSTOMACCORDINGDIFFERENTUSERATANYTIMESAMETIMETHESAFETYOFWEBSITRISETHEREFRESHMENTOFWEBISNOLONGERATEDIOUSORREPETITIVEPROCESSANDBECOMINGASIMPLEANDAMUSINGTHEWEBBASEDBBSISCREATEDUSINGJSPANDPROVIDESNETWORKUSERAMULTIMANINTERACTIONWAYTHEPAPERDESCRIBESJSPINTRODUCTION,SCRIPTPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGEANDODBCITALSOSHOWSTHEFUNCTIONIMPLEMENTOFUSERLOGIN/REGISTER,RELEASINGARTICLE,BROWSING,CHANGINGPERSONALINFORMATIONINBBS

簡介：中文中文4300字畢業(yè)設計（論文）譯文題目基于C語言的MIS程序庫設計學生姓名學號專業(yè)物聯(lián)網班級指導教師評閱教師完成日期2014年12月20日第2頁共10頁統(tǒng)、DBMS和大多數(shù)的系統(tǒng)軟件，都是用C語言設計的。通過C語言設計的應用軟件，有著大量的成功案例。這證明C語言對于開發(fā)像MIS這樣的應用系統(tǒng)，也是一種合適而且強大的程序語言。事實上，通過精心選擇常用功能，以及編程使他們形成一個庫，用C語言設計一個MIS的有效性也能得到顯著提高。本文提到的WEB編程庫是一個很好的例子，該庫的優(yōu)點如下。●網頁編程功能。設計一個基于MIS的網頁，網頁編程是一項基本的要求。因此這類功能將無疑使程序員設計起來更為方便。這部分是庫的主要組成部分，它包括設置頁面風格，顯示頁面標題，顯示頁頭，顯示頁尾等?！癜踩卿浌δ?。對于現(xiàn)今的MIS系統(tǒng)，登錄系統(tǒng)是必不可少的部分，而且系統(tǒng)的安全性必須得到保證。該功能組將提供一些有用的功能，例如CAPTCHA功能，登錄功能，COOKIE處理功能，郵件功能，密碼修改功能，和密碼獲取功能等，從而簡化了安全登錄系統(tǒng)的設計?！駥嵱霉δ?。能夠提供一些常用的工具，如計數(shù)器、迷你日歷、加密和編碼功能等。這將給程序員在開發(fā)中帶來一些幫助。●C語言中的所有設計。通過使用C語言作為開發(fā)語言，在運行MIS的時候，只需要二進制對象代碼即可。這無疑增加了安全性、可靠性、可擴展性和運行效率。本文介紹了基于C語言的MIS程序庫，在設計和實施過程中的一些技術細節(jié)。包括網頁編程功能，安全登錄功能和實用功能，并提供了一個詳細的演示，來展現(xiàn)庫的使用和效果。IIII網頁創(chuàng)作功能網頁創(chuàng)作功能在WEB服務器和CGI程序之間的核心業(yè)務，是通過標準輸入和輸出對數(shù)據(jù)進行翻譯。通過CGI程序形成一個網頁，發(fā)送網頁內容到服務器的標準輸出是一個必要的工作。由于這個頁面實際上是一個HTML文檔，標準的格式化輸出功能PRINTF就可以完成這個任務。根據(jù)CGL說明5中，通過CGL形成的頁面，必須由兩部分組成，頁頭和主體，其中頁頭用于發(fā)送屬性信息，而主體則是通過服務器提供給客戶端實體。這兩個部分通過一個空行分開。

簡介：本科畢業(yè)設計（論文）開題報告本科畢業(yè)設計（論文）開題報告題目基于基于JSP的物資租賃系統(tǒng)的設計與實現(xiàn)的物資租賃系統(tǒng)的設計與實現(xiàn)系名計算機科學與工程學院計算機科學與工程學院專業(yè)班級軟件工程軟件工程學生姓名學號指導教師職稱高級實驗師高級實驗師也成為系統(tǒng)開發(fā)與維護人員的心愿。在美國，至租賃業(yè)所創(chuàng)造的價值約占GDP的30，約有60以上的各類企業(yè)都與租賃業(yè)有著密切的關系，1981年時，里根政府頒布經濟復興稅法，實行了“加速成本回收制”，有利于革新技術，降低成本。日本的租賃業(yè)以融資租賃為核心，其投資主體非常多元化，日本租賃業(yè)發(fā)展的一大特色在于政府發(fā)揮的“孵化器”作用。在推廣某種新技術和新設備時，政府金融機構會撥出特別基金來資助經營此種設備和技術的租賃公司，資助性貸款通常為租賃公司購買此種設備和技術總額的4070。在國內有多種多樣的租賃平臺大多以融資租賃為主，但其中的審核時間較長是當前國內租賃網站的致命缺陷因此國內的租賃平臺的技術還不夠成熟，距離國外還有很長的路要走。針對物資租賃系統(tǒng)用戶訪問量的現(xiàn)狀，因此業(yè)界使用較為普遍的B/S架構成為開發(fā)人員的首選。B/S結構即瀏覽器和服務器結構。它是隨著INTERNET技術的興起，對C/S結構的一種變化或者改進的結構。在這種結構下，用戶工作界面是通過WWW瀏覽器來實現(xiàn)，極少部分事務邏輯在前端BROWSER實現(xiàn)，但是主要事務邏輯在服務器端SERVER實現(xiàn)，形成所謂三層3TIER結構。B/S結構是WEB興起后的一種網絡結構模式，WEB瀏覽器是客戶端最主要的應用軟件。這種模式統(tǒng)一了客戶端，將系統(tǒng)功能實現(xiàn)的核心部分集中到服務器上，簡化了系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)、維護和使用。客戶機上只要安裝一個瀏覽器（BROWSER），如NETSCAPENAVIGATOR或INTERNETEXPLORER，服務器安裝ORACLE、SYBASE、INFORMIX或SQLSERVER等數(shù)據(jù)庫。瀏覽器通過WEBSERVER同數(shù)據(jù)庫進行數(shù)據(jù)交互。大大簡化了客戶端電腦載荷，減輕了系統(tǒng)維護與升級的成本和工作量，降低了用戶的總體成本TCO。在設計與開發(fā)過程中，采用JSP結合CSS以及JAVASCRIPT設計語言，利用MYECLIPSE，以MYSQL為數(shù)據(jù)庫，TOMCAT為WEB服務器進行開發(fā)，網站為B/S架構，MYSQL是一個小型關系型數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng),MYSQL被廣泛地應用在INTERNET上的中小型網站中。TOMCAT服務器是一個免費的開放源代碼的WEB應用服務器，屬于輕量級應用服務器，在中小型系統(tǒng)和并發(fā)訪問用戶不是很多的場合下被普遍使用，是開發(fā)和調試JSP程序的首選。上述的開發(fā)工具為如今所使用的主流工具，但是各系統(tǒng)的需求不同因此在開發(fā)工具的選擇上同樣也要做出相應的改變，不能一概而論。

簡介：PLCCONFIGURATIONANDPROGRAMMINGEXPERIENCEUSINGSTLANGUAGEGKARMAKAR1,ASHUTOSHKABRA,JOSEJOSEPH2,BBBISWAS,RKPATILREACTORCONTROLDIVISIONBHABHAATOMICRESEARCHCENTREMUMBAI–4000851GKARMA,2JJOSEPH}BARCGOVINABSTRACTTHISPAPERATTEMPTSAJOURNEYRIGHTFROMCONFIGURINGAPLC,WRITINGAPPLICATIONPROGRAMTOCODEGENERATIONALONGWITHRUNTIMECONFIGURATIONSANDRTOSABSTRACTIONFOREMBEDDINGITINTOPLCHARDWAREUSINGATYPICALCONTROLLOGICAPPLICATIONTHEIEC611313STLANGUAGEHASBEENUSEDASVEHICLEFORTHISTOURKEYWORDSPLC,ST,POU,CONFIGURATION,RESOURCE,PROGRAM,FB,FUNCTIONIINTRODUCTIONPROGRAMMABLECONTROLLERSPLCARETHEBACKBONEOFMOSTAUTOMATIONPROJECTSPLCSAREUSEDFORCONTROLLINGPURPOSESINVARIOUSINDUSTRIESLIKEPOWERGENERATION,STEELPRODUCTION,CHEMICAL,PETROCHEMICAL,NUCLEARPOWERPLANTSETCAPROGRAMMABLECONTROLLERPLCISANINDUSTRIALCOMPUTERCONTROLSYSTEMTHATCONTINUOUSLYMONITORSTHESTATEOFINPUTDEVICESANDMAKESDECISIONSBASEDUPONAPROGRAMTOCONTROLTHESTATEOFOUTPUTDEVICESPLCISANEXAMPLEOFAREALTIMESYSTEMSINCEOUTPUTRESULTSMUSTBEPRODUCEDINRESPONSETOINPUTCONDITIONSWITHINABOUNDEDTIMEINTHEPASTMANYVENDORSFORPLCSYSTEMSUSEDTHEIROWNPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGESWHICHWEREINCOMPATIBLEWITHOTHERSTOENHANCEREUSINGOFCOMPONENTS,COMPATIBILITYANDINTEROPERABILITYAMONGDIFFERENTPRODUCT,THEIEC61131STANDARDWASINTRODUCEDTOUNIFYTHEMAINDIFFERENTAPPROACHESTHIRDPARTOFIEC61131STANDARDSPECIFIESTHESYNTAXANDSEMANTICSOFAUNIFIEDSUITEOFPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGESFORPROGRAMMABLECONTROLLERSPCSINTHISPAPER,WEDESCRIBEATYPICALCONTROLLOGICAPPLICATIONFORDEMONSTRATIONOFCONFIGURINGAPLC,WRITINGAPPLICATIONPROGRAMANDCODEGENERATIONALONGWITHRUNTIMECONFIGURATIONSANDRTOSABSTRACTIONFOREMBEDDINGITINTOPLCHARDWARETHEPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGESTSTRUCTUREDTEXTHASBEENUSEDTHROUGHOUTTHEPAPERIITHESTUDYEXAMPLEAPROBLEMDEFINITIONASIMPLEEXAMPLEOFCONTROLLINGAPUMPP1ANDITSDISCHARGEVALVEV1ANDSENDINGINFORMATIONTOANYDEVICESAYASCADASTATIONONDEMANDUSECASESUSECASE1READINPUTSREADTHEFOLLOWINGFIELDINPUTSAP1STARTPUSHBUTTONPBSTATUSDISCRETEINPUTBP1STOPPUSHBUTTONPBSTATUSDISCRETEINPUTCV1OPENPUSHBUTTONPBSTATUSDISCRETEINPUTDV1CLOSEPUSHBUTTONPBSTATUSDISCRETEINPUTEP1ON/OFFSTATUSDISCRETEINPUTFREADP1DISCHARGEPRESSUREANALOGINPUTITISATIMEDRIVENTASKREADEVERY10MSUSECASE2CONTROLINTERLOCKSATHEPUMPP11WILLSTARTIFSTARTPBISACTUATEDONCESTARTEDP1WILLCONTINUERUNNINGTILLSTOPPBISACTUATED2WILLSTOPEITHERIFTHESTOPPBISACTUATEDORIFTHEP1DISCHARGEPRESSUREISHIGHBTHEVALVEV11WILLOPENEITHERIFTHEV1OPENISACTUATEDORIFTHEPUMPISSTARTEDAND3SECONDHASBEENELAPSED2WILLCLOSEIFTHEV1CLOSEISACTUATEDPROVIDEDTHEPUMPP1ISNOTRUNNINGUSECASE3COMMUNICATIONSLAVE/SERVERONQUERYFROMANYEXTERNALDEVICEITWILLSENDRESPONSEDATATHEPROTOCOLDETAILSARENOTPARTOFTHISHIGHLEVELPROGRAMMINGIIITHEDOMAINMODELOFPLCTHEDOMAINMODELOFAPLCISDEPICTEDINFIGURE1BELOWFIGURE1PLCDOMAINMODELIVSOFTWAREMODELANDBUILDINGBLOCKSOFIEC611313CONFIGURATIONAPPLICATIONPROGRAMCODEGENERATORFRAMEWORKANDRTOSABSTRACTIONBUILDANDDOWNLOADUTILITYBSTRUCTUREOFTHEBUILDINGBLOCKSPOUSFUNCTION,FUNCTIONBLOCKANDPROGRAMARETHETHREEPROGRAMORGANIZATIONUNITSPOUSDEFINEDBYTHEIEC611313APOUCONTAINSADECLARATIONPARTANDBODY1DECLARATIONOFVARIABLESIEC611313STANDARDUSESVARIABLESTOSTOREANDPROCESSINFORMATIONVARIABLESCANBEASSIGNEDTOACERTAINI/OADDRESSUSINGTHEKEYWORD“AT”ANDCANBEBATTERYBACKEDAGAINSTPOWERFAILUREEACHDECLARATIONOFAPROGRAMORGANIZATIONUNITCONTAINATITSBEGINNINGATLEASTONEDECLARATIONPARTWHICHSPECIFIESTHETYPESANDTHEPHYSICALORLOGICALLOCATIONIFNEEDEDOFTHEVARIABLESUSEDINTHEORGANIZATIONUNIT2BODYOFPOUTHEALGORITHMICBEHAVIOROFPOUISDEFINEDINONEOFTHEFIVELANGUAGESDEFINEDBYTHESTANDARDFBDFUNCTIONBLOCKDIAGRAM,LDLADDERDIAGRAM,STSTRUCTUREDTEXT,ILINSTRUCTIONLISTANDSFCSEQUENTIALFUNCTIONCHARTTHESTLANGUAGEHASACOMPREHENSIVERANGEOFCONSTRUCTSFORASSIGNINGVALUESTOVARIABLES,CALLINGFUNCTIONSANDFUNCTIONBLOCKS,CREATINGEXPRESSIONS,FORCONDITIONALEVALUATIONOFSELECTEDSTATEMENTSANDFORITERATIONCPROGRAMSAPROGRAMISANETWORKOFFUNCTIONSANDFUNCTIONBLOCKSTHATAREABLETOEXCHANGEDATATHROUGHSOFTWARECONNECTIONSAPROGRAMCANBEWRITTENINANYOFTHEDEFINEDPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGESAPROGRAMCANALSOREADANDWRITETOINPUT/OUTPUTVARIABLESANDCOMMUNICATEWITHOTHERPROGRAMSTHEEXECUTIONOFDIFFERENTPARTSOFAPROGRAM,FOREXAMPLESELECTEDFUNCTIONBLOCKS,MAYBECONTROLLEDUSINGTASKSFOROURSTUDYEXAMPLE,WEHAVEFOLLOWINGPROGRAMS1PUMPP1CONTROL2VALVEV1CONTROLTHESTPROGRAMOFVALVECONTROLISGIVENHEREASITUSESONDELAYTIMERTONINADDITIONTOOTHERSTPROGRAMMINGFEATURESPROGRAMVALVEV1CONTROLVAR_INPUTV1OPENCBOOLV1CLOSECBOOLP1STARTCBOOLP1STATUSBOOLEND_VARVARVTIMERTONEND_VARVAR_TEMPTBOOLEND_VARVAR_OUTPUTV1OPENBOOLV1MOVTOOPENV1CLOSEBOOLV1MOVTOCLOSEEND_VARVTIMERINP1STARTC,PTT3ST1VTIMERQIFV1OPENCORT1THENV1OPENTRUEV1CLOSEFALSEEND_IFIFV1CLOSECTRUEANDP1STATUSFALSETHENV1OPENFALSEV1CLOSETRUEEND_IFEND_PROGRAM3SCANINPUTDFUNCTIONANDFUNCTIONBLOCKSTHESEARETHEBASICBUILDINGBLOCKS,CONTAININGADATASTRUCTUREANDANALGORITHMFOROURSTUDYEXAMPLE,1THEREQUIREDFUNCTIONBLOCKSAREREADANALOGININANYPLC,READINGINPUTSFROMPHYSICALI/OCARDSISUNAVOIDABLEFUNCTION_BLOCKREADANALOGINVAR_EXTERNALCONSTANTNUM_ALOGIN_CARDUINTEND_VARVAR_OUTPUTALOGIN1ARRAY1NUM_ALOGIN_CARDOFANALOG_16_DATAEND_VARALOGIN1READALOGINNUM_ALOGIN_CARDEND_FUNCTION_BLOCKREADDIGITALINTON2THEREQUIREDFUNCTIONSAREREADALOGFUNCTIONREADALOGARRAY1NUM_ALOGIN_CARDOFANALOG_16_DATAVAR_INPUTNOALOGCARDSUINTEND_VARFUNCTIONBODYEND_FUNCTIONREADDIGEGLOBALANDDIRECTVARIABLESAGLOBALVARIABLECANBEDECLAREDATPROGRAMLEVEL,RESOURCELEVELORCONFIGURATIONLEVELGLOBALVARIABLESPROVIDEAMEANSFORTRANSFERRINGDATAANDINFORMATIONBETWEENPROGRAMSORBETWEENFUNCTIONBLOCKSRESIDINGWITHINDIFFERENTPROGRAMSDIRECTLYREPRESENTEDVARIABLESEGIX11,IW11,QX11AREUSEDTOADDRESSTHEMEMORYLOCATIONSWITHINAPLCDIRECTLY

簡介：此文檔是畢業(yè)設計外文翻譯成品（含英文原文中文翻譯），無需調整復雜的格式下載之后直接可用，方便快捷本文價格不貴,也就幾十塊錢一輩子也就一次的事外文標題PHPLANGUAGEBASICS外文作者JASONLENGSTORF文獻出處PHPFORABSOLUTEBEGINNERS，2018PP2968如覺得年份太老，可改為近2年，畢竟很多畢業(yè)生都這樣做英文2187單詞，12403字符字符就是印刷符，中文3135漢字。（如果字數(shù)多了，可自行刪減，大多數(shù)學校都是要求選取外文的一部分內容進行翻譯的。）PHPLANGUAGEBASICSACTIVESERVERPAGESPHPISAPROVEN,WELLESTABLISHEDTECHNOLOGYFORBUILDINGDYNAMICWEBAPPLICATIONS,WHICHPROVIDESTHEPOWERANDFLEXIBILITYYOUNEEDTOCREATEANYTHINGFROMAPERSONAL,WEBBASEDPHOTOGALLERYTOACOMPLETECATALOGUEANDSHOPPINGCARTSYSTEMFORYOURNEXTECOMMERCEPROJECT。ONEUNIQUEFEATUREOFPHPISTHATITLETSYOUCHOOSEYOURFAVOURITESCRIPTINGLANGUAGE,BEITJAVASCRIPTORPHPHOWEVER,PHPISBYFARTHEMOSTPOPULARCHOICEINTHISARTICLE,ILLBRINGYOUUPTOSPEEDONTHEBASICSYNTAXOFTHEPHPLANGUAGE,INCLUDINGVARIABLES,OPERATORS,ANDCONTROLSTRUCTURESTHISARTICLEISTHESECONDINASERIESTEACHINGPHPSPECIFICALLY,THEGOALOFTHISSERIESISTOTEACHYOUALLYOUNEEDTOKNOWTOCREATEDYNAMICWEBSITESUSINGPHPTHISARTICLEPICKSUPRIGHTWHERETHEPREVIOUSARTICLEINTHESERIES,GETTINGSTARTEDWITHPHP,LEFTOFFVARIABLESHEREISTHELISTINGFORTHEFIRSTPHPSCRIPTIHELPEDYOUCREATEINTHEPREVIOUSARTICLE123MYFIRSTPHPPAGE456THISISATESTOFPHP“91011ASIADMITTEDINTHATARTICLE,THISISAPRETTYUNINTERESTINGEXAMPLEOFANPHPSCRIPTWHENITCOMESRIGHTDOWNTOIT,THISSCRIPTDOESNTDOANYTHINGAPLAIN,OLDHTMLPAGECOULDNTDOOHSURE,IGAVEASLIGHTLYMOREINTERESTINGEXAMPLETHATDISPLAYEDTHECURRENTSERVERTIME,BUTTOBEREALLYUSEFULASCRIPTNEEDSTOPERFORMYOUSHOULDALWAYSCREATEAVARIABLEBEFOREASSIGNINGITAVALUE,ANDYOULLUSUALLYWANTTOASSIGNTHEVARIABLEAVALUEBEFOREPUTTINGITTOUSETRYINGTOASSIGNAVALUETOAVARIABLETHATDOESNOTEXIST,HOWEVER,WILLCAUSEPHPTOAUTOMATICALLYCREATEANEWVARIABLEWITHTHEGIVENNAMETHISISCALLEDIMPLICITDECLARATION,BECAUSEANEWVARIABLEISDECLAREDIMPLICITLYASARESULTOFYOURTRYINGTOASSIGNAVALUETOAVARIABLETHATDOESNTEXISTSINCEYOUAREFREETOUSEIMPLICITDECLARATIONFORALLOFYOURVARIABLES,YOUMAYBEWONDERINGWHATTHEPOINTISOFUSINGTHECOMMANDTOCREATEEACHANDEVERYVARIABLEBYHANDTHEANSWERHASTODOWITHHOWEASYYOUWANTITTOBETOFINDTYPINGMISTAKESINYOURCODEPHPPROVIDESANOTHERCOMMAND,OPTIONEXPLICIT,WHICHCAUSESPHPTODISALLOWIMPLICITDECLARATIONSANDINSTEADDISPLAYANERRORMESSAGEWHENEVERYOUTRYTOASSIGNAVALUETOANONEXISTENTVARIABLEWHYWOULDYOUWANTTHISTOHAPPENCONSIDERTHEFOLLOWINGEXAMPLEINTROOMTEMPCCREATEAVARIABLEINTROMTEMPC20ASSIGNTHEVARIABLEAVALUEOF20IFYOUHAVEAKEENEYE,YOUMAYHAVENOTICEDTHATTHEVARIABLENAMEISMISSPELLEDONTHESECONDLINETHISISTHEKINDOFMISTAKETHATEVENEXPERIENCEDPROGRAMMERSMAKEALLTHETIMEWITHIMPLICITDECLARATIONENABLED,THESECONDLINEWILLCREATEANOTHERNEWVARIABLECALLEDINTROMTEMPCANDWILLSTORETHEVALUEINTHATVARIABLEINSTEADNOW,IFTHERESTOFYOURSCRIPTEXPECTSTHATVALUETOBESTOREDININTROOMTEMPC,YOUREGOINGTORUNINTOTROUBLEINALARGESCRIPT,TRACINGSUCHAPROBLEMBACKTOONELITTLETYPINGMISTAKECANBEVERYTIMECONSUMINGTHATSWHEREOPTIONEXPLICITCOMESINOPTIONEXPLICITDISABLEIMPLICITDECLARATIONINTROOMTEMPCCREATEAVARIABLEINTROMTEMPC20ASSIGNTHEVARIABLEAVALUEOF20THISTIME,PHPWILLREPORTTHETYPINGMISTAKEASANILLEGALIMPLICITDECLARATION,DISPLAYINGANERRORMESSAGETOTHATEFFECTWITHTHEEXACTLINENUMBERWHERETHETYPINGMISTAKEWASMADEFORTHISREASON,ITENDTOEXPLICITLYDECLAREALLMYVARIABLESWITHANDSPECIFYOPTIONEXPLICITONTHEFIRSTLINEOFALLOFMYPHPSCRIPTSITMIGHTTAKESLIGHTLYLONGERTOTYPE,BUTITSAVESALOTOFHEADACHESWHENSOMETHINGGOESWRONGASHORTCUTEXISTSFORCREATINGSEVERALVARIABLESATONCEONTHESAMELINEFORINSTANCE,THEFOLLOWINGLINEWOULDCREATETWOVARIABLES,INTROOMTEMPC,ANDINTFREEZINGCINTROOMTEMPC,INTFREEZINGCTWOVARIABLESINONELINEBYNOWYOUMAYBEWONDERINGABOUTMYNAMINGCONVENTIONFORVARIABLESTHETWOVARIABLESCREATEDINTHEABOVESNIPPETBOTHBEGINWITHINTIMUSINGTHISPREFIXTOINDICATETHATTHESEVARIABLESWILLCONTAININTEGERSWHOLENUMBERSYOUCANFEELFREETONAMEYOURVARIABLESWHATEVERYOULIKEANDSTOREWHATEVERKINDOFDATAYOULIKEINTHEM,BUTIPREFERTOUSETHISCONVENTIONASAHELPFULREMINDEROFTHETYPEOFINFORMATIONINEACHVARIABLETHISPRACTICEOFPREFIXINGVARIABLENAMESWITHACLUEASTOTHEIRTYPEISKNOWNASHUNGARIANNOTATION,ANDILLINTRODUCEADDITIONALPREFIXESFOROTHERDATATYPESASTHEYARISEOVERTHECOURSEOFTHISSERIES

簡介：此文檔是畢業(yè)設計外文翻譯成品（含英文原文中文翻譯），無需調整復雜的格式下載之后直接可用，方便快捷本文價格不貴,也就幾十塊錢一輩子也就一次的事外文標題INTRODUCINGTOPHP外文作者DAVIDRBROOKS文獻出處PROGRAMMINGINHTMLANDPHPCODINGFORSCIENTISTSANDENGINEERS,2018如覺得年份太老，可改為近2年，畢竟很多畢業(yè)生都這樣做英文4605單詞，27056字符字符就是印刷符，中文7376漢字。（如果字數(shù)多了，可自行刪減，大多數(shù)學校都是要求選取外文的一部分內容進行翻譯的。）INTRODUCTIONTOPHPTHISCHAPTERINTRODUCESSYNTAXANDSOMECAPABILITIESOFTHEPHPLANGUAGE51WHATSHOULDAPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGEDOPHPISASTRUCTUREDPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGE,WHICHMEANSTHATITPROVIDESAWAYTOSOLVECOMPUTATIONALPROBLEMSBYBREAKINGTHEMINTODISCRETESTEPSTHATCANBECARRIEDOUTINA“TOPTOBOTTOM”FASHION,ONESTEPATATIMEALLSTRUCTUREDLANGUAGESSHARECERTAINESSENTIALFEATURES1MANAGEINPUTANDOUTPUTTOBEUSEFUL,ANYLANGUAGEMUSTPROVIDEANINPUT/OUTPUTI/OINTERFACEWITHAUSERWHENACOMPUTERPROGRAMISEXECUTEDORASCRIPTISINTERPRETED,THEUSERMAYBEASKED5MAKEDECISIONSBASEDONCOMPARINGVALUESCOMPUTERSCAN’TMAKEDECISIONSBY“THINKING”ABOUTMULTIPLEPOSSIBILITIESINAHUMANLIKEWAYHOWEVER,THEYCANCOMPAREVALUESANDACTONTHERESULTSOFTHOSECOMPARISONSTYPICALLY,APROGRAMWILLCOMPAREVALUESANDTHENEXECUTEINSTRUCTIONSBASEDONTHERESULTSOFTHOSECOMPARISONSINPARTICULAR,SUCHDECISIONSAREOFTENEMBEDDEDINBRANCHINGSTRUCTURESTHATEXECUTEONESETOFINSTRUCTIONSTOTHEEXCLUSIONOFOTHERS,BASEDONACOMPARISONOFVALUES6PERFORMREPETITIVECALCULATIONSLOOPSTRUCTURESALLOWCOMPUTERSTOPERFORMREPETITIVECALCULATIONSTHESECALCULATIONSMAYBETERMINATEDAFTERTHEYHAVEBEENEXECUTEDASPECIFIEDNUMBEROFTIMES,ORTHEYMAYBEEXECUTEDONLYUNTILORWHILESOMESETOFCONDITIONSISSATISFIED52SOMEESSENTIALTERMINOLOGYITISESSENTIALTOAGREEUPONTHEMEANINGANDUSEOFPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGETERMINOLOGYINORDERTODISCUSSPROGRAMMINGCONCEPTS,ESPECIALLYBECAUSETHEPROGRAMMINGSPECIFICMEANINGOFSOMETERMSMUSTBEDISTINGUISHEDFROMTHEIREVERYDAYCONVERSATIONALUSETABLE51GIVESSOMEESSENTIALTERMSANDTHEIRDEFINITIONS

簡介：WEBPROGRAMMINGLIBRARYDESIGNINCFORMISBOQUSCHOOLOFMATHEMATICSANDINFORMATIONTECHNOLOGYNANJINGXIAOZHUANGCOLLEGENANJING,CHINAMR,QUBO126,COMABSTRACTTHISPAPERDESCRIBESTHETECHNICALDETAILSOFTHEDESIGNANDIMPLEMENTATIONOFAWEBPROGRAMMINGLIBRARYFORWEBBASEDMIS,INCLUDINGWEBPAGEAUTHORINGFUNCTIONS,SECURELOGINFUNCTIONS,ANDUTILITYFUNCTIONS,ALLINTEGRATEDINTOONELIBRARYTHELIBRARYISPROGRAMMEDINCONLINUXPLATFORMWITHGNUTOOLCHAINADEMOEXAMPLEISPROVIDEDTOSHOWTHEUSAGEANDEFFECTOFTHELIBRARYITISPROVENBYTHEFACTTHATCISANAPPROPRIATEPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGETODEVELOPWEBBASEDMISWHICHCANBEOFSECURE,RELIABLEANDSTABLEKEYWORDSWEBPROGRAMMINGLIBRARYWEBPAGEAUTHORINGMISSECURELOGINCGILINTRODUCTIONWITHTHECONSTANTDEVELOPMENTOFCOMPUTERINFORMATIONTECHNOLOGY,MANAGEMENTINFORMATIONSYSTEMSHAVEBEENPOPULARLYUSEDBYALLWALKSOFLIFEONDIFFERENTTOPICSTHEBASICARCHITECTUREOFMISISCISCLIENT/SERVERMODEORIGINALLY,SOMEDEDICATEDCLIENTPROGRAMSAREDEVELOPEDTOCARRYOUTTHEDEDICATEDTASKSBYCOMMUNICATINGWITHTHESERVER,DUETOTHERAPIDDEVELOPMENTOFTHECOMPUTERNETWORKSANDWORLDWIDEWEB,MOREANDMOREMISSTAKEWEBASTHECOMMUNICATIONSYSTEMANDCOMMONLYUSEDSTANDARDBROWSERSASTHEIRCLIENTTHATISJUSTTHEWELLKNOWNB/SBROWSER/SERVERMODE1INORDERTOMEETTHEREQUIREMENTSOFDEVELOPINGWEBBASEDMIS,SOMEINTERPRETEDWEBAUTHORINGLANGUAGES,SUCHASASP,PHP,JSP,ETC,EMERGEASTHETIMESREQUIRETHECOMMONCHARACTERISTICSOFTHEMAREINTERPRETATION,FOREXAMPLE,ASPANDPHPISINTERPRETEDBYDEDICATEDWEBSERVERWHILEJSPISCOMPILEDINTOBYTECODEWHICHTHENRUNNINGONJAVAVIRTUALMACHINENMALTHOUGHTHEDEVELOPINGEFFICIENCYCANBEINCREASED,THEREARESOMEDRAWBACKSINUSINGTHEMTHEPROCESSINGSPEEDBYINTERPRETEDLANGUAGEISOBVIOUSLYSLOWERTHANBYCOMPILEDONES,NOMATTERINTHEORYORPRACTICEALTHOUGHTHESERVERPROGRAMSAREINTERPRETEDDIRECTLYBYTHEWEBSERVER,AFTERALL,THERUNNINGINSTRUCTIONSARESOURCECODESRATHERTHANBINARYOBJECTCODESTHATISSELFEVIDENTTHERUNNINGCODEFORINTERPRETEDLANGUAGEMUSTBETHESOURCECODEWHILEFORCOMPILEDLANGUAGEBETHEBINARYOBJECTCODETHATMEANSTHEREEXISTLATENTDANGERSFORTHEMISPROGRAMSDESIGNEDINTHESEINTERPRETEDLANGUAGES,FOREXAMPLE,THEKEYCODESFORVERIFICATION,SECURITYPROTECTION,ANDSENSITIVEDATA,ETCCANBESEEN9781467320085/12/3100?2012IEEE733ZHAOZHIWUSCHOOLOFMATHEMATICSANDINFORMATIONTECHNOLOGYNANJINGXIAOZHUANGCOLLEGENANJING,CHINAWZZ5958126COMANDMISUSEDBYSOMEMALICIOUSUSERSSMCETHEINSTRUCTIONSAREALLSOURCECODESITISDIFFICULTTOGENERATEMERCHANDISEDSOFTWAREPRODUCTBYUSINGINTERPRETEDLANGUAGESASWELLASSELF-PROTECTTHEINTELLECTUALPROPERTYRIGHTOFTHESOFTWAREASWEALLKNOW,CISAPOWERFULCOMPILINGSYSTEMPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGE4ALMOSTALLTHEOPERATINGSYSTEMS,DBMS,ANDMAJORITYOFSYSTEMSOFTWAREAREDESIGNEDINCLOTSOFSUCCESSFULAPPLICATIONSOFTWAREDESIGNEDINCPROVETHATCISALSOANAPPROPRIATEANDPOWERFULPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGEFORDEVELOPINGAPPLICATIONSYSTEMSSUCHASMISINFACT,BYELABORATELYSELECTINGCOMMONLYUSEDFUNCTIONSANDPROGRAMMINGTHEMTOFORMALIBRARY,THEEFFICIENTTODESIGNAMISINCCANBEALSOIMPROVEDEVIDENTLYTHEWEBPROGRAMMINGLIBRARYMENTIONEDINTHISPAPERISJUSTAGOODEXAMPLEONTHEFIELDTHEADVANTAGEOFTHELIBRARYISDESCRIBEDASTHEFOLLOWINGWEBPAGEAUTHORINGFUNCTIONSWEBPAGEAUTHORINGISTHEBASICREQUIREMENTFORDESIGNINGAWEBBASEDMIS,THEREFORESUCHKINDSOFFUNCTIONSWILLBEUNDOUBTEDLYCONVENIENTTOPROGRAMMERSTODESIGNTHISPARTISTHEMAINCOMPONENTSOFTHELIBRARYINCLUDINGSETTINGPAGESTYLE,DISPLAYINGPAGEHEADER,DISPLAYINGPAGETOP,DISPLAYINGPAGEFOOT,ETCSECURELOGINFUNCTIONSLOGINSYSTEMISANESSENTIALPARTFORNOWADAYSMIS,ANDTHESECURITYOFTHESYSTEMMUSTBEENSUREDTHISGROUPOFFUNCTIONSWILLPROVIDESOMEUSEFULFUNCTIONSSUCHASCAPTCHAFUNCTION,LOGINFUNCTION,COOKIEPROCESSFUNCTION,MAILFUNCTION,PASSWORDMODIFYINGFUNCTION,ANDPASSWORDGETTINGBACKFUNCTION,ETC,TOSIMPLIFYTHEDESIGNOFASECURELOGINSYSTEMUTILITYFUNCTIONSSOMECOMMONLYUSEDUTILITIESSUCHASACCESSCOUNTER,MINICALENDAR,ENCRYPTINGANDENCODINGFUNCTIONS,ETCAREPROVIDED,WHICHWILLGIVESOMEASSISTANTSTOPROGRAMMERSINDEVELOPMENTALLDESIGNINCBYUSINGCASTHEDEVELOPINGLANGUAGE,ONLYTHEBINARYOBJECTCODESARENEEDEDWHENTHEMISRUNNINGTHATWILLUNDOUBTEDLYINCREASETHESECURITY,RELIABILITY,STABILITY,ANDTHERUNNINGEFFICIENCYGREATLYTHISPAPERDESCRIBESTHETECHNICALDETAILSOFDESIGNANDIMPLEMENTATIONOFTHEWEBPROGRAMMINGLIBRARYINCFORWEBSYSTEMWHICHGENERALLYCONSISTSOFTHREECOMPONENTS,ALOGINFORMPAGE,ACAPTCHA3,6IMAGE,ANDTHECORRESPONDINGCOOKIEMECHANISMASECURELOGINSYSTEMFORWEBBASEDMISISDESIGNEDINCBYTHEAUTHOROFTHISPAPER,ANDCONFINEDTOTHELENGTHOFTHETHESIS,THEDESIGNOFITANDTHECORRESPONDINGMAILFUNCTIONSANDCOOKIEPROCESSFUNCTIONSWILLBEDESCRIBEDINDETAILSINOTHERPAPERSTHEREFORENOTBEMENTIONEDFURTHERBESIDESTHESE,SOMEOTHERCOMMONLYUSEDFUNCTIONSAREALSONEEDEDFORSECURELOGIN,MAINLYINCLUDINGMAILAGENCYCONFIGURATION,PASSWORDMODIFICATION,MAILBOXCONFIGURATION,ANDPASSWORDGETTINGBACK,ETCAMAILAGENCYCONFIGURATIONTOTRANSMITEMAILS,ANSMTPSERVERISREQUIREDGENERALLY,THEREARETWOWAYSTOIMPLEMENTANSMTPSERVER,THATIS,BYRUNNINGSUCHASERVERATTHESAMEHOSTASTHEMISIN,ORBYINVOKINGAMAILAGENCYTHELATTERISTHEWAYPOPULARLYUSEDINVARIOUSKINDSOFMISTOINVOKEAMAILAGENCY,FOURESSENTIALFACTORSAREREQUIRED,IETHEUSEMAMEANDPASSWORDOFTHEACCOUNTFORTHATAGENCY,THEMAILBOXNAMEOFTHATACCOUNTANDTHEDOMAINNAMEOFTHEAGENCYTOCONVENIENTFORTHECONFIGURATION,FUNCTIONWEB_MAILAGENCYOISDESIGNEDFIG5SHOWSTHEPAGETOCONFIGUREA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簡介：4300英文單詞，英文單詞，26500英文字符，中文英文字符，中文7700字文獻出處文獻出處KEDIABL,REDDYRKLANGUAGEANDCROSSBORDERACQUISITIONSANEXPLORATORYSTUDYJINTERNATIONALBUSINESSREVIEW,2016,25613211332LANGUAGEANDCROSSBORDERACQUISITIONSANEXPLORATORYSTUDYBENLKEDIA,RAMAKRISHNAREDDYABSTRACTTHEAIMOFTHISSTUDYISTOEXAMINETHEEFFECTSOFLANGUAGEONPOSTACQUISITIONPERFORMANCEOFUSBASEDCROSSBORDERACQUISITIONSINTHISSTUDYWEATTEMPTTOSHOWTHATPOSTACQUISITIONPERFORMANCEISEXPLAINEDBYTHELINGUISTICDISTANCEBETWEENTHEACQUIRERANDTARGETCOUNTRYOFTHEACQUISITIONINADDITION,THISSTUDYEXPLAINSTHEMODERATINGROLEOFACQUISITIONEXPERIENCEINTHELINGUISTICDISTANCEACQUISITIONPERFORMANCERELATIONSHIPANANALYSISOF1120USACQUISITIONSIN33TARGETCOUNTRIESOVERAPERIODOF6YEARS2007TO2012DEMONSTRATESTHATLINGUISTICDISTANCEHASEXPLANATORYVALUEINPOSTACQUISITIONPERFORMANCEOURANALYSISALSODEMONSTRATESTHATTHEACQUIRER’SCROSSBORDERACQUISITIONEXPERIENCEPLAYSASIGNIFICANTROLEASAMODERATOROFTHISLINGUISTICDISTANCEACQUISITIONPERFORMANCERELATIONSHIPINADDITION,OURANALYSISOFLINGUAFRANCAPROFICIENCYALSOLENDSSUPPORTTOOURHYPOTHESIZEDRELATIONSHIPSANDDEMONSTRATESTHEROBUSTNESSOFOURFINDINGSKEYWORDSLANGUAGELINGUISTICDISTANCEMERGERSACQUISITIONPERFORMANCE1INTRODUCTIONCROSSBORDERACQUISITIONSAREADOMINANTMODEOFFOREIGNEXPANSION,INCREASINGINOVERALLVALUEFROM99BILLIONIN1990TO555BILLIONIN2011UNCTAD,2012DESPITEASSUMPTIONSTHATACQUISITIONSRESULTINHIGHERFINANCIALPERFORMANCEANDCREATEFIRMVALUEBARNEY,1988DATTA,1991ZOLLOKING,DALTON,DAILY,LARSSONHITTETAL,2001,UNSKILLEDEXECUTIONOFTHEACQUISITIONPROCESSITSELFSCHULERLARSSONJEMISONCARTWRIGHTCHATTERJEE,LUBATKIN,SCHWEIGER,DATTA,1991MOROSINISTAHLCHAKRABARTI,MUKHARJEE,FRENKEL,2008HARZINGHENDERSON,2005RESEARCHHASSHOWNTHATDIFFERENCESINSOCIALIDENTITY,SOCIALCATEGORIZATION,POWERDISPARITYANDCULTURALDIFFERENCESBREEDSDYSFUNCTIONANDFREQUENTLYBREAKSTEAMSINTOSUBGROUPSDEFINEDBYAN‘USVSTHEM’MENTALITYCRAMTONPOLZER,CRISP,JARVENPAA,HENDERSON,2005TRUSTISESSENTIALFORCOOPERATIVEBEHAVIORAMONGINDIVIDUALSANDTEAMSMAYER,DAVIS,MCALLISTER,1995ANDTHELACKOFTRUSTAMONGTEAMSORGROUPSSEVERELYUNDERMINESCOOPERATIONMCALLISTER1995SUGGESTEDTHATINCREASEDINTERACTIONENHANCESTRUSTANDCOOPERATIONAMONGTEAMSTOIMPROVECOMMUNICATIONSANDINTERACTIONSTHEMAJORITYOFMULTINATIONALSMANDATEENGLISHASTHELINGUAFRANCAORTHECOMMONLANGUAGEOFBUSINESSBONOVEY,2005HOWEVER,EVIDENCESUGGESTSTHATEVENWHENTHEREISCORPORATEMANDATEDLINGUAFRANCA,NONNATIVESPEAKERSTENDTODISTRUSTNATIVESPEAKERS,SUSPECTINGTHATTHEYWOULDDECEIVETHEMUSINGTHEIRSUPERIORLANGUAGESKILLSNEELEY,2013IN

簡介：LANGUAGEANDCROSSBORDERACQUISITIONSANEXPLORATORYSTUDYBENLKEDIA,RAMAKRISHNAREDDYWANGCENTERFORINTERNATIONALBUSINESS,THEUNIVERSITYOFMEMPHIS,FOGELMANEXECUTIVECENTER,330INNOVATIONDR220,MEMPHIS,TN38152,UNITEDSTATESARTICLEINFOARTICLEHISTORYRECEIVED10FEBRUARY2015RECEIVEDINREVISEDFORM2MARCH2016ACCEPTED6APRIL2016AVAILABLEONLINE11MAY2016KEYWORDSLANGUAGELINGUISTICDISTANCEMERGERSDATTA,1991ZOLLOKING,DALTON,DAILY,LARSSONHITTETAL,2001,UNSKILLEDEXECUTIONOFTHEACQUISITIONPROCESSITSELFSCHULERLARSSONJEMISONCARTWRIGHTCHATTERJEE,LUBATKIN,SCHWEIGER,DATTA,1991MOROSINISTAHLCHAKRABARTI,MUKHARJEE,SHENKAR,2001DESPITETHISCALL,THEORETICALANDEMPIRICALINCONSISTENCIESOFCULTUREDISTANCERESEARCHCONTINUETOACCUMULATE,ANDRESEARCHERSREMAINHIGHLYDEPENDENTONCULTUREDISTANCETOEXPLAININTERNATIONALIZATIONANDOTHERCROSSBORDERPHENOMENAGIVENTHISDOMINANTFOCUSONTHEUMBRELLACONCEPTOFCULTUREDISTANCE,RESEARCHERSHAVEVIRTUALLYIGNOREDTHESINGULARIMPORTANCEOFLANGUAGEDIFFERENCES,WHICHISTHEFIRSTFACTOROFJOHANSONANDVAHLNE1977‘PSYCHICDISTANCE’CONCEPTTHEPSYCHICDISTANCECONSTRUCTINCLUDESLANGUAGE,CULTURE,POLITICALSYSTEMS,LEVELOFEDUCATIONANDLEVELOFINDUSTRIALDEVELOPMENTTHEPASTFAILUREOFCORRESPONDINGAUTHOREMAILADDRESSESBKEDIAMEMPHISEDUBLKEDIA,RREDDY1MEMPHISEDU,MRKREDDY82GMAILCOMRKREDDYHTTP//DXDOIORG/101016/JIBUSREV20160400409695931/?2016PUBLISHEDBYELSEVIERLTDINTERNATIONALBUSINESSREVIEW2520161321–1332CONTENTSLISTSAVAILABLEATSCIENCEDIRECTINTERNATIONALBUSINESSREVIEWJOURNALHOMEPAGEWWWELSEVIERCOM/LOCATE/IBUSREVACRUCIALANDFUNDAMENTALPARTOFARTICULATIONWITHINKNOWLEDGETRANSFERARTICULATIONALLOWSTACITKNOWLEDGETOBETRANSFORMEDINTOANEXPLICITLYABSORBABLEFORMFORTHERECEIVINGPARTYCARLILE,2004WELCHLARSSONCORDINGETAL,2008THEEFFECTIVENESSOFINTEGRATIONEFFORTSBECOMESEVENMOREIMPORTANTWHENACQUISITIONSSPANINTERNATIONALBOUNDARIESHASPESLAGHLARSSONBLAKESTAHLFRENKEL,2008HARZINGFEELY,2008TOESTABLISHSHAREDIDENTITY,EMPLOYEESNEEDTOINTERNALIZEANEWCOMMONIDENTITYASHFORTH,1985SOCIALIZATIONHASADIRECTFIG1HYPOTHESIZEDINFLUENCEOFLANGUAGEDIFFERENCEONINTEGRATIONPROCESSANDACQUISITIONPERFORMANCEBLKEDIA,RKREDDY/INTERNATIONALBUSINESSREVIEW2520161321–13321323

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簡介：FULLTERMSCHILDLANGUAGETEACHER’SLANGUAGEPRESCHOOLVOCABULARYINTRODUCTIONPRESCHOOLERS’LANGUAGEDEVELOPMENTISCONSIDEREDTOBEANIMPORTANTFOUNDATIONFORLATERREADINGDEVELOPMENTBRACKEN2005DICKINSON2011DICKINSONETAL2003DICKINSONANDPORCHE2011NICHDEARLYCHILDCARERESEARCHNETWORK2005SEVERALSTUDIESHAVEFOUNDTHATYOUNGCHILDREN’SORALLANGUAGESKILLSPREDICTTHEIRREADINGCOMPREHENSIONPERFORMANCELATERINTHEELEMENTARYSCHOOLYEARSCATTSETAL1999MUTERETAL2004STORCHANDWHITEHURST2002THISFINDINGHASLEDSEVERALRESEARCHERSTOINVESTIGATEFACTORSTHATIMPACTYOUNGCHILDREN’SLANGUAGEDEVELOPMENTONEFACTOR,AMONGMANY,DISCOVEREDTOBERELATEDTOCHILDREN’SLANGUAGEDEVELOPMENTISCHILDREN’SCAREGIVERS’ORALLANGUAGEPROFICIENCYDICKINSON2011FARKASANDBERON2004HARTANDRISLEY1995HOFF2003PELLEGRINIANDGALDA1993TUDGEANDROGOFF1989CHILDREN’SLANGUAGEDEVELOPMENTISHIGHLYRELATEDTOCAREGIVERS’ORALLANGUAGEPROFICIENCY,SPECIFICALLYVOCABULARYFARKASANDBERON2004HARTANDRISLEY1995HOFF2003HUTTENLOCHERETAL2010ANDSYNTAXHOFFGINSBERG1998HUTTENLOCHERETAL2002MOSTOFTHESTUDIESABOUTTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENCAREGIVERS’LANGUAGEINPUTANDCHILDREN’SLANGUAGEDEVELOPMENTWEREBASEDONPARENTS’ANDTHEIRCHILDREN’SLANGUAGEPRESUMABLYBECAUSETHEYWERETARGETINGCHILDRENWHOWERETHREEYEARSOLDORUNDERHOWEVER,LANGUAGEANDVOCABULARYDEVELOPMENTCONTINUETHROUGHOUTEARLYCHILDHOOD,AND635OFCHILDRENINTHEUNITEDSTATESBETWEENTHEAGESOFTHREEANDFIVEWEREENROLLEDINAPRIVATE/PUBLICNURSERYSCHOOLORKINDERGARTEN,ACCORDINGTONATIONALCENTERFOREDUCATIONSTATISTICS’2010DATASNYDERANDDILLOW2011WHEREASWITHPARENTALFACTORSCANACCOUNTFORVARIANCEINCHILDREN’SLANGUAGEDEVELOPMENT,ASTHEYSPENDMORETIMEINOUTOFHOMECHILDCARE,TEACHERFACTORSCANALSOACCOUNTFORVARIANCEINCHILDREN’SLANGUAGEDEVELOPMENTTEACHERSCANPLAYANESPECIALLYIMPORTANTROLEINTHELANGUAGEDEVELOPMENTOFCHILDRENFROMLOWSESEUROPEANEARLYCHILDHOODEDUCATIONRESEARCHJOURNAL251DOWNLOADEDBYUNSWLIBRARYAT062405MAY2016

簡介：中文中文5200字，字，2700英文單詞，英文單詞，16500英文字符英文字符出處出處SOHYUNMEACHAM,CAROLVUKELICH,MYAEHAN,ETALPRESCHOOLTEACHERSLANGUAGEUSEDURINGDRAMATICPLAYJEUROPEANEARLYCHILDHOODEDUCATIONRESEARCHJOURNAL,2013,212250PRESCHOOLTEACHERS’LANGUAGEUSEDURINGDRAMATICPLAYSOHYUNMEACHAM，CAROLVUKELICH，MYAEHAN，MARTHABUELLABSTRACTTHISSTUDYSOUGHTTODESCRIBEPRESCHOOLTEACHERS’LANGUAGEUSEDURINGDRAMATICPLAYUSINGBOTHQUANTITATIVEANDQUALITATIVEANALYSESFINDINGSINDICATETHATTHETEACHERS’LANGUAGEUSEDURINGDRAMATICPLAYVARIEDAMONGTEACHERSQUANTITATIVEANALYSESREVEALEDTHEVARIABILITYOFTEACHERS’LEXICALDIVERSITY,SYNTACTICCOMPLEXITY,TALKATIVENESS,ANDCHILDRENTOTEACHERUTTERANCERATIOQUALITATIVEANALYSESREVEALEDFOURTYPESOFTEACHERPLAYINSTRUCTIONTALKPLAYEMBEDDEDINSTRUCTIONALTALK,EXPLICITINSTRUCTIONALTALK,PLAYLANGUAGECOACHING,ANDPLAYADMINISTRATIONALTALKINADDITION,THEFREQUENCYOFCHILDREN’STALKVARIEDACROSSTHECASESTHETEACHERSWHOFREQUENTLYUSEDPLAYEMBEDDEDINSTRUCTIONALTALKSCOREDRELATIVELYHIGHINTHEFREQUENCYOFCHILDREN’STALKFINDINGSSUGGESTTHATFURTHERINVESTIGATIONONTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENTEACHERS’LANGUAGEUSEDURINGDRAMATICPLAYANDCHILDREN’SLANGUAGEPRODUCTIVITYCANBEUSEFULFORTEACHEREDUCATIONKEYWORDSDRAMATICPLAYCHILDLANGUAGETEACHER’SLANGUAGEPRESCHOOLVOCABULARYINTRODUCTIONPRESCHOOLERS’LANGUAGEDEVELOPMENTISCONSIDEREDTOBEANIMPORTANTFOUNDATIONFORLATERREADINGDEVELOPMENTBRACKEN2005DICKINSON2011DICKINSONETAL2003DICKINSONANDPORCHE2011NICHDEARLYCHILDCARERESEARCHNETWORK2005SEVERALSTUDIESHAVEFOUNDTHATYOUNGCHILDREN’SORALLANGUAGESKILLSPREDICTTHEIRREADINGCOMPREHENSIONPERFORMANCELATERINTHEELEMENTARYSCHOOLYEARSCATTSETAL1999MUTERETAL2004STORCHANDWHITEHURST2002THISFINDINGHASLEDSEVERALRESEARCHERSTOINVESTIGATEFACTORSTHATIMPACTYOUNGCHILDREN’SLANGUAGEDEVELOPMENTONEFACTOR,AMONGMANY,DISCOVEREDTOBERELATEDTOCHILDREN’SLANGUAGEDEVELOPMENTISCHILDREN’SCAREGIVERS’ORALLANGUAGEPROFICIENCYDICKINSON2011FARKASANDBERON2004HARTANDRISLEY1995HOFF2003PELLEGRINIANDGALDA1993TUDGEANDROGOFF1989CHILDREN’SLANGUAGEDEVELOPMENTISHIGHLYRELATEDTOCAREGIVERS’ORALLANGUAGEPROFICIENCY,SPECIFICALLYVOCABULARYFARKASANDBERON2004HARTANDRISLEY1995HOFF2003HUTTENLOCHERETAL2010ANDSYNTAXHOFFGINSBERG1998HUTTENLOCHERETAL2002MOSTOFTHESTUDIESABOUTTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENCAREGIVERS’LANGUAGEINPUTANDCHILDREN’SLANGUAGEDEVELOPMENTWEREBASEDONPARENTS’ANDTHEIRCHILDREN’SLANGUAGEPRESUMABLYBECAUSETHEYWERETARGETINGCHILDRENWHOWERETHREEYEARSOLDORUNDERHOWEVER,LANGUAGEANDVOCABULARYDEVELOPMENTCONTINUETHROUGHOUTEARLYCHILDHOOD,AND635OFCHILDRENINTHEUNITEDSTATESBETWEENTHEAGESOFTHREEANDFIVEWEREENROLLEDINAPRIVATE/PUBLICNURSERYSCHOOLORKINDERGARTEN,ACCORDINGTONATIONALCENTERFOREDUCATIONSTATISTICS’2010DATASNYDERANDDILLOW2011WHEREASWITHPARENTALFACTORSCANACCOUNTFORVARIANCEINCHILDREN’SLANGUAGEDEVELOPMENT,ASTHEYSPENDMORETIMEINOUTOFHOMECHILDCARE,TEACHERFACTORSCANALSOACCOUNTFORVARIANCEINCHILDREN’SLANGUAGEDEVELOPMENTTEACHERSCANPLAYANESPECIALLYIMPORTANTROLEINTHELANGUAGEDEVELOPMENTOFCHILDRENFROMLOWSESFAMILIESWHOARECONSIDEREDATRISKFORLANGUAGEDEVELOPMENTHARTANDATTAINEDINSTORYBOOKREADINGRESEARCH,ASSTORYBOOKREADINGANDPLAYARECOMMONACTIVITIESINPRESCHOOLSETTINGSFORTHISREASON,THEIRQUALITATIVESTUDYINCLUDEDDRAMATICPLAYSUCHASKITCHEN/HOUSEPLAY,RESTAURANTPLAY,ANDLIBRARYPLAYTHELITERATUREPROVIDESTHEORETICALANDEMPIRICALRATIONALESFORTHEIMPORTANCEOFDRAMATICPLAYDURINGTHEPRESCHOOLYEARSMOSTPRESCHOOLCLASSROOMSINCLUDEADRAMATICPLAYCENTERWHERECHILDREN’SDRAMATICPLAYISENCOURAGEDASACONTEXTFORSUPPORTINGCHILDREN’SLEARNINGANDDEVELOPMENTPARTICULARLYDRAMATICPLAY,DISTINCTFROMSOLITARYPLAY,WHICHINVOLVESMORETHANONECHILD,ISKNOWNTOSUPPORTCHILDREN’SLANGUAGEDEVELOPMENTBECAUSECHILDRENCANUSEMOREADVANCEDLANGUAGEINTHEIRDRAMATICPLAYTHANINOTHERACTIVITIESVYGOTSKY1967,ANDTHEYHAVEOPPORTUNITIESTOPRACTICETHELANGUAGETHEYLEARNEDINSOCIETY,INTHEWORLDOUTSIDETHECLASSROOMPELLEGRINIANDGALDA1993ASCHILDREN’SORALLANGUAGEUSEBECOMESMORECOHESIVEINDRAMATICPLAYTHANINOTHERTYPESOFPLAYPELLEGRINIANDGALDA1993,DRAMATICPLAYHASBEENCONSIDEREDTOBEANIMPORTANTCONTEXTFORPRESCHOOLERS’LANGUAGEDEVELOPMENTCHRISTIEANDENZ1992SMILANSKY1968SUGGESTSTHEMAKEBELIEVEELEMENTOFDRAMATICPLAYRELIESHEAVILYUPONSPEECHUSINGFOURFORMSOFVERBALISATIONIDENTIFICATIONOFMAKEBELIEVEROLES,IDENTIFICATIONOFMAKEBELIEVEOBJECTS,SPEECH’SSUBSTITUTIONFORACTION,DESCRIPTIONOFSITUATIONSTHESEVERBALISATIONFORMSAREIMPORTANTTOCOMMUNICATEEACHPLAYER’SIMAGINATIONANDTOMAKETHEPLAYBEHAVIORSMOREUNDERSTANDABLEAMONGPLAYERSSMILANSKY1968ALSOSUGGESTSTHATSPEECHINCLUDINGEXPLANATIONS,DISCUSSIONS,ANDCOMMANDSFORPLAYPROGRESSIONFROMPLANNINGTODEVELOPINGANDTOMAINTAININGTHEPLAYISCRUCIALINDRAMATICPLAYTHEREFORE,DRAMATICPLAYENCOURAGESCHILDREN’SLANGUAGEPRACTICEGARVEY1974SOMEPLAYRESEARCHERSSHEDLIGHTONMETALEVELCOMMUNICATIONWITHINCHILDREN’SPLAYCONVERSATIONINGARVEY’SGARVEY1974STUDY,SHECATEGORIZEDTWOMODESOFVERBALEXCHANGESOBSERVEDINCHILDREN’SDRAMATICPLAYPRETENDCOMMUNICATIONSANDMETACOMMUNICATIONSFORPRETENDCOMMUNICATIONS,CHILDRENAREACTINGTHEROLESWITHINTHEPRETENDPLAYFRAMECHILDRENDISCUSSTHEDETAILSOFTHEPRETENDPLAYATTHEMETALEVELOFPRETENDPLAYATTHEMETACOMMUNICATIONSMODE,CHILDRENASSIGNORCHANGEPRETENDROLES,DISCUSSAPPROPRIATEACTIONS,USESPEECHFORTHEROLESORIDENTIFYTHEPRETENDPROPS,ANDPLANTHESTORYLINEINGARVEY’SGARVEY1974OBSERVATION,CHILDRENACTIVELYUSEDLANGUAGE,CONSTANTLYSWITCHINGTHEMODESOFVERBALEXCHANGEBETWEENPRETENDCOMMUNICATIONSANDMETACOMMUNICATIONSWHENTHEYPARTICIPATEINDRAMATICPLAYWILLIAMSONANDSILVERN1992ALSOEMPHASIZEDTHEIMPORTANCEOFTHEMETALEVELPLAYCOMMUNICATIONS,CALLEDMETAPLAYBYTHESEAUTHORSTHEYARGUEDTHATMETAPLAYCONVERSATIONSEFFECTLATERLISTENINGCOMPREHENSIONSKILLSINSUM,BOTHPLAYCONVERSATIONANDMETAPLAYCONVERSATIONSUPPORTCHILDREN’SORALLANGUAGEDEVELOPMENTITISASSUMEDTHATTHEREISVARIABILITYINTEACHERS’LANGUAGEUSEINTHEDRAMATICPLAYCENTER,ALTHOUGHTYPESOFTEACHERS’LANGUAGEUSEINTHEDRAMATICPLAYCENTERHAVENOTYETBEENWELLDESCRIBEDINLITERATURETHEREARETWOOPPOSINGPOINTSOFVIEWREGARDINGTEACHERS’PARTICIPATIONINCHILDREN’SDRAMATICPLAYONEISTHATTEACHERS’PARTICIPATIONWILLHINDERCHILDREN’SPLAYANDOPPORTUNITIESTOPRACTICETHEIRLEARNEDLANGUAGEKONTOS1999THEOTHERISTHATTEACHERS’PARTICIPATIONCANENHANCECHILDREN’SDRAMATICPLAYANDSUPPORTCHILDREN’SLANGUAGELEARNINGASTUTORINGPELLEGRINIANDGALDA1993SMILANSKY1968INPRACTICE,DEGREESANDTYPESOFTEACHERS’ENGAGEMENTAREVARIOUSROSKOSANDNEUMAN1993LITTLEISKNOWNABOUTEFFECTIVEDEGREESANDTYPESOFTEACHERS’PARTICIPATIONINDRAMATICPLAYFORCHILDREN’SLANGUAGELEARNINGANDDEVELOPMENT

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