動(dòng)詞不定式講解

1、一動(dòng)詞不定式：to動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形1.基本用法：可在句中作主、賓、表、定、狀、補(bǔ)。1）作主語(yǔ)Togetupearlyisagoodhabit.Itssonicetohearyourvoice.(it為形式主語(yǔ))ItisimptantfustolearnEnglishwell.It’ssillyofyoutodosuchathing.HowtoimproveourEnglishisstillaproblem.2)作賓語(yǔ)Weallhopet

2、oseeyou.TheyfoundithardtolearnChinese.（it為形式賓語(yǔ)）Idonotknowwhattodonext.（疑問(wèn)詞不定式）HeaskedmehowtoimproveEnglish.（疑問(wèn)詞不定式）3）作表語(yǔ)①一般情況Mywkistocleantheroomeveryday.Hisdreamistobeadoct.Thequestionishowtoputitintopractice.問(wèn)題是怎樣把它付諸實(shí)

3、施。Heseemedtohaveknownthenews.②如果主語(yǔ)是不定式，則表語(yǔ)也用不定式。例如：Toseeistobelieve.Seeingisbelieving.③作表語(yǔ)的不定式有時(shí)可省略符號(hào)to：這時(shí)主語(yǔ)部分必須含有動(dòng)詞do而作表語(yǔ)的不定式則解釋do的精確意思。AllIdidwas(to)givehimalittlehelp.Whatwewanttodonowis(to)havearest.4)作定語(yǔ)①不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，被修飾

4、的名詞常為它的邏輯賓語(yǔ)。不定式與該名詞存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。Ihavesomeclothestowash.（后置定語(yǔ)）Thisquestioniseasytoanswer.6）作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)Hewantshissontobecomealawyer.Sheencouragedmetotryagain.Theypersuadedhimtogiveupsmoking.Theybelievehimtobewritinganewbook.他們認(rèn)為他正在寫

5、一本新書。Hewantedthelettertobetypedatonce.Theletterwaswantedtobetypedatonce.(主補(bǔ))注：有些動(dòng)詞后跟不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。常見的有：①感官動(dòng)詞feelhearseewatchnoticeobserve②使役動(dòng)詞letmakehave③help：helpsb.do……或helpsb.todo……兩種說(shuō)法均可。Ioftenhearhimsingthissong.Th

6、ebossmadethewkerswk12hoursaday.當(dāng)此類句子改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，要補(bǔ)上to.Heisoftenheardtosingthissong.Thewkersweremadetowk12hoursaday.☆在thinkfindconsiderdiscover等動(dòng)詞后常用tobeadj.結(jié)構(gòu)作賓補(bǔ)，有時(shí)tobe可省略。Weallthinkconsiderfinddiscoverhim(tobe)kindhonest.我們