簡(jiǎn)介：此文檔是畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯成品（含英文原文中文翻譯），無需調(diào)整復(fù)雜的格式下載之后直接可用，方便快捷本文價(jià)格不貴,也就幾十塊錢一輩子也就一次的事外文標(biāo)題ENERGYEFFICIENTBUILDINGDESIGN外文作者RUNMINGYAOANDALANSHORT文獻(xiàn)出處DESIGNANDMANAGEMENTOFSUSTAINABLEBUILTENVIRONMENTS，2018179202如覺得年份太老，可改為近2年，畢竟很多畢業(yè)生都這樣做英文4636單詞，30458字符字符就是印刷符，中文8175漢字。（如果字?jǐn)?shù)多了，可自行刪減，大多數(shù)學(xué)校都是要求選取外文的一部分內(nèi)容進(jìn)行翻譯的。）ENERGYEFFICIENTBUILDINGDESIGNABSTRACTTHISCHAPTERCOVERSTHEBASICCONCEPTSOFPASSIVEBUILDINGDESIGNANDITSRELEVANTSTRATEGIES,INCLUDINGPASSIVESOLARHEATING,SHADING,NATURALVENTILATION,DAYLIGHTING,ANDTHERMALMASSINENVIRONMENTSWITHHIGHSEASONALPEAKTEMPERATURESAND/ORHUMIDITYEGCITIESINTEMPERATEREGIONSEXPERIENCINGTHEURBANHEATISLANDEFFECT,WHOLLYPASSIVEMEASURESMAYNEEDTOBESUPPLEMENTEDWITHLOWANDZEROCARBONTECHNOLOGIESLZCSTHECHAPTERALSOINCLUDESTHREECASESTUDIESONERESIDENTIAL,ONEDEMONSTRATIONAL,ANDONEACADEMICFACILITYTHATINCLUDESANINNOVATIVEPASSIVEDOWNDRAFTCOOLINGPDCSTRATEGYTOILLUSTRATEASELECTIONOFPASSIVEMEASURESLEARNINGOUTCOMEONSUCCESSFULCOMPLETIONOFTHISCHAPTER,READERSWILLBEABLETO1SUMMARIZETHEPHYSICALPROCESSESUNDERPINNINGTHEENERGYTHERMALBALANCEINBUILDINGS2FULLYGRASPTHEKEYCONCEPTSGOVERNINGPASSIVEARCHITECTURE/DESIGN3UNDERSTANDHOWEFFICIENTDESIGNCONTRIBUTESTOENERGYANDCARBONREDUCTION4COMPREHENDHOWSIMULATIONTOOLSCANAIDTHEDESIGNPROCESS5IDENTIFYDIFFERENTVENTILATIONSTRATEGIESUSEDINAND6OBSERVEHOWENERGYEFFICIENTDESIGNBENEFITSACTUALBUILDINGSTHROUGHDIFFERENTCASESTUDIESSKEYWORDSBUILDINGENVELOPEDOWNDRAFTNATURALVENTILATIONPASSIVEDESIGNPASSIVESOLARTHERMALMASS103STRATEGICDESIGNITISINCREASINGLYRECOGNIZEDTHAT,ULTIMATELY,ABUILDING’SPERFORMANCEISLARGELYDETERMINEDBYITS‘STRATEGIC’DESIGNASCONSIDEREDWITHINTHEEARLIESTSTAGESOFAPROJECTFOREXAMPLE,DECISIONSABOUTPLANDEPTH,ORIENTATION,ANDFENESTRATIONTHEGLAZINGSCHEMEAREALLKEYSTRATEGICELEMENTSOFTHEDESIGN,WHICHINFLUENCETHEPOTENTIALFORDAYLIGHTANDNATURALVENTILATION,WHICHINTURNDETERMINETHEDEMANDFORHEATINGANDCOOLINGTHESEEARLYDESIGNDECISIONSHAVEINEVITABLEKNOCKONEFFECTSFORPLANTANDEQUIPMENT,WHICHHAVEAMAJORIMPACTONBUILDINGENERGYPERFORMANCEBUILDINGDESIGNISANITERATIVEPROCESS,OFTENREQUIRINGTHEDESIGNTEAMTORETHINKFUNDAMENTALASPECTSANINTEGRATEDBUILDINGDESIGNSTRATEGYSHOULDBECONSIDEREDATTHEEARLIESTDESIGNSTAGEORTHEEXERCISEWILLBECOMEONEOFREMEDIALDESIGNINTERVENTIONTOCORRECTAFLAWEDDESIGNRETROSPECTIVELYATTHESTRATEGICDESIGNSTAGE,THEISSUESCONCERNINGTHEINTERRELATIONSHIPBETWEENARCHITECTUREANDENGINEERINGSHOULDBEADDRESSED,WHILECONFIRMINGTHEIRRESPECTIVECONTRIBUTIONTOTHEENERGYEFFICIENCYOFTHEBUILDINGINFORMEDDECISIONSWHICHAFFECTTHEHOLISTICCONCEPTOFTHEBUILDINGNEEDTOBETAKENDURINGTHISSTAGE,SOTHATMEMBERSOFTHEDESIGNTEAMCANPROCEEDWITHDETAILEDDESIGNWORK,FULLYAWAREOFTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENTHECOMPONENTSANDTHEBUILDINGASAWHOLERESOURCESMUSTBEMADEAVAILABLETOHELPINFORMTHOSEINTHEDECISIONMAKINGPROCESS,WHODETERMINETHEFUNDAMENTALSTRATEGIES104ENERGYCONSUMPTIONINBUILDINGSESTIMATINGENERGYCONSUMPTIONFORSPACEHEATINGSHANDSPACECOOLINGSCINBUILDINGS,INVOLVESCALCULATIONOFASSOCIATEDHEATGAINSANDLOSSESWHENAROOM’SHEATLOSSESAREGREATERTHANITSHEATGAINS,MECHANICALHEATINGISREQUIREDWHEREASIFHEATGAINSAREGREATER,COOLINGISREQUIREDTOMAINTAININDOORTHERMALCOMFORTFIGURE101ILLUSTRATESHEATGAINSANDLOSSESWITHINAROOMAKEYPRINCIPLEOFPASSIVEDESIGNISTOPREVENTHEATLOSSINWINTERBYINSULATIONANDTHEMAXIMIZINGOFSOLARGAINANDREDUCEHEATGAINSINSUMMERPARTICULARLYBYMINIMIZINGSOLARGAINSTHERESULTINGCOMBINATIONREDUCESHEATINGANDCOOLINGLOADSHEATGAINSSOLARGAINHEATDIRECTLYTRANSMITTEDTOTHEINDOORENVIRONMENTTHROUGHGLAZINGAND

簡(jiǎn)介：此文檔是畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯成品（含英文原文中文翻譯），無需調(diào)整復(fù)雜的格式下載之后直接可用，方便快捷本文價(jià)格不貴,也就幾十塊錢一輩子也就一次的事外文標(biāo)題THEASSESSMENTOFBIDDINGSTRATEGYOFIRANIANCONSTRUCTIONFIRM外文作者BESMAEELI,MRAVANSHADNIA,MTBANKI文獻(xiàn)出處INTERNATIONALJOURNALOFMANAGEMENTSCIENCEANDENGINEERINGMANAGEMENT,VOLUME4,2018ISSUE2如覺得年份太老，可改為近2年，畢竟很多畢業(yè)生都這樣做英文2900單詞，18388字符字符就是印刷符，中文4686漢字。（如果字?jǐn)?shù)多了，可自行刪減，大多數(shù)學(xué)校都是要求選取外文的一部分內(nèi)容進(jìn)行翻譯的。）THEASSESSMENTOFBIDDINGSTRATEGYOFIRANIANCONSTRUCTIONFIRMABSTRACTARRIVINGATTHEFINALBIDPRICEISACRITICALDECISIONWHICHISMOSTLYDONETHROUGHEXPERIENCEANDINTUITIONSAS,MANYFACTORSAFFECTTHEFINALPROPOSEDPRICE,NOQUANTIFIEDDECISIONPROCESSESMAYLEADTOIRRATIONALLOWORHIGHPROPOSEDPRICESTHEREFORE,VARIOUSATTEMPTSHAVEBEENDONETOPROPOSESYSTEMATICMODELSTOTRACKANDANALYZETHEBIDDINGTRENDSTHISPAPERFOCUSESONTHEPREVIOUSTRENDSOFTHEBIDDINGPRICESTOESTIMATEPROPERBIDDINGCOSTINTHEIRANIANCONSTRUCTIONINDUSTRYTHEPRICESMIGHTBEINFLUENCEDBYENVIRONMENTALCHARACTERISTICSSUCHASCOMPETITORS’POLICIES,THENUMBEROFTENDEREDPROJECTS,THENUMBEROFCONTRACTORSCOMPETINGINTHECURRENTTENDER,PROJECTCHARACTERISTICS,ANDTHECLIENTTHESUBJECTOFBIDDINGPRICECANBEINVESTIGATEDTHROUGHTHECLIENTVIEWORTHECONTRACTORVIEWTHISPAPERATTENDSTHESECONDAPPROACHTHISPAPERPRESENTAQUANTITATIVEANALYSISOFIMPACTOFNUMBEROFBIDDERSONPROJECTBIDPRICESTHESTUDYFOUNDTHATINCREASINGTHENUMBEROFBIDDERSWILLRESULTINDECREASEDPROJECTBIDPRICESKEYWORDSBIDDINGSTRATEGY,STATISTICALANALYSIS,NUMBEROFBIDDERSTHEAUTHORSRIGHTFULLYSTATEDTHATTHEREISARENEWEDINTERESTINTHECOMPETITIVEBIDDINGPROBLEMANDINDICATEDTHATOVERTHELASTFIVEDECADESTHEREHASBEENARELATIVELYMODESTADDITIONTOTHESTATEOFTHEARTOSAMAMOSELHI,ANDTAREKHEGAZY4SUGGESTEDTHATBIDDINGSTRATEGYMODELSBEGROUPEDINTOTHREEMAINCATEGORIES1MODELSBASEDONPROBABILITYTHEORYEG,FRIEDMAN19565ANDGATES19676TOMAXIMIZETHEEXPECTEDPROFIT2MODELSBASEDONDECISIONSUPPORTSYSTEMSEG,AHMADANDMINKARAH19877TOACCOUNTFORTHEMULTIATTRIBUTEDNATUREOFBIDDINGDECISIONSAND3NEWLYEMERGINGMODELSBASEDONARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCETECHNIQUESEG,TAVAKOLIARIDUTOMO19898TOCONSIDERTHEHEURISTICANDUNSTRUCTUREDNATUREOFSUCHADECISIONPROBLEMTHEREISAGREATVOLUMEOFLITERATURECONCERNEDWITHBIDDINGSTRATEGIESTHEBASICASSUMPTIONOFALLTHEBIDDINGCALCULATIONSISTHATARELATIONSHIPEXISTSBETWEENTHETENDERSUMANDTHEPROBABILITYORCHANCE’OFWINNINGTHECONTRACT3THEAIMOFPROBABILISTICMODELSISTOEXPRESSTHISNUMERICALLYINENTERINGABIDDINGCOMPETITIONITISASSUMEDTHATTHECONTRACTORSFIRSTESTIMATETHEIRCOSTSANDTHENADDAMARKUPTOCOVERPROFITORAMARKUPTOCOVERCONTRIBUTION,IEPROFITANDCOMPANYOVERHEADSIILITERATURESURVEYRESEARCHERSHAVEBEENCONCERNEDWITHTHEPROBLEMOFBIDDINGSTRATEGYSINCETHEMID1950SSINCEFRIEDMAN’S5MATHEMATICALMODEL,WHICHISKNOWNTOBETHEFIRSTONE,THELITERATUREHASBEENFLOODEDWITHMANYBIDDINGMODELSHOWEVER,MOSTOFTHESEMODELSREMAINEDINACADEMICCIRCLESANDDIDNOTFINDTHEIRWAYINTOTHEPRACTICALWORLD3FAYEK1PRESENTSACOMPETITIVEBIDDINGSTRATEGYMODELFORUSEINSETTINGAMARKUPFORCONSTRUCTIONPROJECTSFAYEKETALSTUDIEDBIDDINGPRACTICESINAUSTRALIANANDCANADIANCONSTRUCTIONINDUSTRIES9,10JASELSKISANDTALUKHABA11FOCUSONBIDDINGCONSIDERATIONSINDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIES,CONSIDERINGTHEINHERENTRISKSEXISTINGSPECIFICALLYINTHESECOUNTRIESREGARDINGTHISISSUEWANOUSETAL12HADAQUESTIONNAIRESURVEYAMONGSYRIANCONTRACTORSLIETAL13APPLIESARTIFICIALNEURALNETWORKSFORCONSTRUCTIONMARKUPESTIMATIONEACHOFTHESESTUDIESHADVALUABLECONTRIBUTIONSTOBIDDINGANDMARKUPDECISIONSSEPARATELY

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簡(jiǎn)介：此文檔是畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯成品（含英文原文中文翻譯），無需調(diào)整復(fù)雜的格式下載之后直接可用，方便快捷本文價(jià)格不貴,也就幾十塊錢一輩子也就一次的事外文標(biāo)題PROTECTIONANDUTILIZATIONOFTHEANCIENTBUILDINGLINKINHISTORYANDFUTURE外文作者WEIMO,YABINGCAI文獻(xiàn)出處ADVANCEDMATERIALSRESEARCHVOLUMES518523，201244734476如覺得年份太老，可改為近2年，畢竟很多畢業(yè)生都這樣做英文2024單詞，11001字符，中文3144漢字。PROTECTIONANDUTILIZATIONOFTHEANCIENTBUILDINGLINKINHISTORYANDFUTUREKEYWORDSANCIENTBUILDING,PROTECTION,UTILIZATION,USE,EXPANSIONABSTRACTTHROUGHSTUDYDIALECTICALRELATIONBETWEENPROTECTIONANDUTILIZATIONOFTHEANCIENTBUILDINGS,THEYCOMPLEMENTEACHOTHERANDPROMOTEWESHOULDBECLEARPRINCIPLESOFPROTECTINGTHEANCIENTBUILDINGS,RATIONALUSEANDDEVELOPTHEVALUEOFTHEANCIENTBUILDINGSANDACHIEVESUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTINTRODUCTIONANCIENTBUILDINGSTANDFORTHEMEMORYOFTHECITY,ASYMBOLOFURBANDEVELOPMENTANDTHEUPSANDDOWNS,ISAHEAVYANCIENTHISTORYANDCULTURE,FROMWHICHWECANFINDTHESOULOFCHINESEARCHITECTUREANCIENTBUILDINGSOFTHELONGHISTORYDATINGAREVERYIMPORTANTCULTURALHERITAGEANDALSOVERYIMPORTANTECONOMYHOWTOKEEPTHEANCIENTHISTORYANDCULTUREAVAILABLEFORFUTUREGENERATIONS,ANDPROMOTE,WHICHINVOLVESTHEPROTECTIONOFTHEBUILDINGANDUTILIZINGTHEPROTECTIONANDUSEOFTHEANCIENTBUILDINGANCIENTPROTECTIONSHOULDBEVARIED,ACCORDINGTOEXISTINGINFORMATIONANDTHEANCIENTHISTORYNOW,WESHOULDESTABLISHDIFFERENTPROTECTIONSCHEMETHENATUREOFTHEHISTORICALBUILDINGS,SUCHASTHERUINSOFYUANMINGYUAN,WEDONOTNEEDSUPERFLUOUSTOREBUILDITTHEREARESOMEHISTORICALBUILDINGS,NOTONLYHASACERTAINMEMORABLE,BUTALSOCONTINUETOPLAYAROLEINCARRYINGCAPABILITIESTOMEETTHENEEDSOFMODERNPEOPLEUNDERSPECIFICCIRCUMSTANCES,SUCHAHISTORICALBUILDINGSINTHEFORM,ANDMAYALSOADOPTNEWTECHNOLOGYANDNEWCRAFTINSHANGHAI“SHIKUMEN”THEOLDBUILDINGSWEREINJECTEDINTOVOGUEELEMENTSANDREFORMAS“NEWFIELD”ANDALEADINGINTERNATIONALLEISURE,CULTURE,RECREATIONCENTERSLIJIANGINYUNNANAFTERTHEEARTHQUAKERECONSTRUCTIONANDRETURNOFSUCCESSINTHEWORLDCULTURALHERITAGE,AFAMOUSTOURISTRESORTZHOUZHUANG,WUZHEN,TONGLI,NANXUNINZHEJIANGSUCCESSFULDEVELOPMENTOFJIANGNANWATERCOUNTRYTHEOLDTOWNANDTOURISMBOOMANCIENTUSEOFMETHODSANDPRINCIPLESBUILDINGOFTHEPROTECTIONOFTHEOBJECTIVEISTOUSE,WHICHISINORDERTOBETTERPROTECTIONCLEARANCIENTUSEOFMETHODSANDPRINCIPLES,TOCORRECTLYHANDLERELATIONSWITHTHEPROTECTIONOFSYNDROMEDIFFERENTIATION“RESEARCHBUILDINGSOFHISTORICALANDCULTURALRELICSPROTECTIONWORKWITHTHEONLYLOGICALTHINGTHEREISNODOUBTTHATTHEPROTECTIONOFCULTURALRELICSANDREPAIRTHEOLDHOUSEFROMTHEMAINMETHODISTOSTRENGTHENTHEPROTECTIONOFUNDERSTANDING,WHICHISINSEPARABLEFROMTHESTUDYOFARCHITECTUREBUTINCULTURALRELICSPROTECTIONINTERMSOFEXPERTISEANDKNOWLEDGEOFHISTORYISNOTENOUGH,BUTMOREIMPORTANTTOESTABLISHACORRECTCONCEPTOFPROTECTIONTHISISCLEARLYTHELOGICALMUSTACQUIREKNOWLEDGEANDKNOWTHELOGICALONLYBYADEEPUNDERSTANDINGOFHISTORYCANHAVEBOTHCHINESEANDFOREIGNCOUNTRIESALLAGREED”1CORRECTIDEASCOMEFROMTHEPROTECTIONOFTHETHEORYANDPRACTICELAW,ANDTHROUGHPRACTICEANDTIMEOFTHEINSPECTIONCERTIFICATEISCORRECTANCIENTUSEOFFORMSPROTECTIONISTOUSE,THEUSEOFTHEFORMSCANBEDIVERSIFIEDWESHOULDLETTHEANCIENTBUILDINGSOFHISTORICALANDCULTURALVALUESREFLECTEDIN,ANDBEENHANCED,BUTALSOCONSIDERTHEUSEOFMODERNNEEDS,WITHINNOVATIVEIDEAS,CREATIVEIDEAS,INNOVATIVEMEANSTOENHANCETHEVALUEOFTHETIMESOFANCIENTBUILDINGSTHEUSEOFANCIENTBUILDINGSMAINLYINTHEFOLLOWINGTYPES

簡(jiǎn)介：JOURNALOFWINDENGINEERINGANDINDUSTRIALAERODYNAMICS9120031613–1625QUASISTATICWINDLOADCOMBINATIONSFORLOWANDMIDDLERISEBUILDINGSYTAMURAA,,HKIKUCHIB,KHIBIBATOKYOPOLYTECHNICUNIVERSITY,1583IIYAMA,ATSUGI,KANAGAWA2430297,JAPANBRESEARCHINSTITUTEOFTECHNOLOGY,SHIMIZUCORPORATION,3417,ETCHUJIMA,KOTOKU,TOKYO1358530,JAPANABSTRACTFLUCTUATINGSURFACEPRESSUREMEASUREMENTSAREMADEFORFOURFLATROOFEDBUILDINGMODELSWITHSQUAREORRECTANGULARPLANSINORDERTOEXAMINEWINDLOADCOMBINATIONSTHEFLUCTUATINGPRESSURESAREINTEGRATEDOVERALLTHEIRSURFACESANDRESULTSAREOBTAINEDOFALONGWINDFORCE,ACROSSWINDFORCE,VERTICALFORCE,ALONGWINDOVERTURNINGMOMENT,ACROSSWINDOVERTURNINGMOMENTANDTORSIONALMOMENTONTHEIRFRAMESTHEMAXIMUMWINDFORCECOMPONENTANDOTHERSIMULTANEOUSLYOBSERVEDWINDFORCECOMPONENTSAREEXAMINED,ANDSOMEINTERESTINGFACTSREGARDINGTHEWINDFORCECOMBINATIONSAREDISCUSSEDONTHEBASISOFABSOLUTEVALUECORRELATIONS,PHASEPLANEEXPRESSIONSANDSOONTHEMAXIMUMNORMALSTRESSESINTHECOLUMNMEMBERSOFSIMPLEFRAMEMODELSARETHENEXAMINEDINORDERTODIRECTLYCHECKTHEWINDLOADCOMBINATIONEFFECTSR2003ELSEVIERLTDALLRIGHTSRESERVEDKEYWORDSLOWRISEBUILDINGQUASISTATICWINDFORCEALONGWINDFORCEACROSSWINDFORCETORSIONALMOMENTCOMBINEDLOADEFFECTSWINDFORCECORRELATIONINTERNALFORCENORMALSTRESS1INTRODUCTIONTHENECESSITYOFCAPTURINGTHEMAXIMUMWINDFORCESWASFIRSTINTRODUCEDBYDAVENPORT1ASAGUSTFACTORBASEDONTHECONCEPTOFTHEMAXIMUMWINDLOADEFFECTS,DAVENPORT2FIRSTDISCUSSEDTHERELIABILITYOFWINDLOADINGONLOWRISEBUILDINGS,ANDSUGGESTEDSOMEIMPORTANTFACTORSFORITSASSESSMENTHISPAPEREMPHASIZEDTHEIMPORTANCEOFMORESOPHISTICATEDWINDLOADESTIMATIONFORLOWRISEARTICLEINPRESSCORRESPONDINGAUTHORFAX81462429547EMAILADDRESSYUKIOARCHTKOUGEIACJPYTAMURA01676105/SEEFRONTMATTERR2003ELSEVIERLTDALLRIGHTSRESERVEDDOI101016/JJWEIA200309020SIMULTANEOUSLYSAMPLEDEVERY000128SFORTHELOWRISEBUILDINGMODELS,154AND110SAMPLESOF10MINLENGTHINFULLSCALECONVERSIONWEREANALYZEDFORA?14AND16FLOW,RESPECTIVELYFORTHEMIDDLERISEBUILDINGMODELS,28SAMPLESAND7SAMPLESWEREANALYZEDTHETUBINGEFFECTSWERENUMERICALLYCOMPENSATEDBYTHEGAINANDPHASESHIFTCHARACTERISTICSOFTHEPRESSUREMEASURINGSYSTEM10INCIDENTALLY,AHUGENUMBEROFSAMPLESWEREANALYZEDFORTHELOWRISEBUILDINGMODELS,BECAUSEITWASALSOINTENDEDTOUSETHEMTOEXAMINETHEENSEMBLEAVERAGEDINSTANTANEOUSPRESSUREPATTERNSCAUSINGEXTREMEWINDLOADEFFECTS113QUASISTATICWINDLOADFORCESTHEFLUCTUATINGPRESSURESWEREINTEGRATEDTOOBTAINQUASISTATICWINDFORCESFDANDFLVERTICALLIFTFTBASEOVERTURNINGMOMENTSMDANDMLANDBASETORSIONALMOMENTMTTHEYAREEXPRESSEDINNONDIMENSIONALFORMSBASEDONTHEMEANVELOCITYPRESSUREQHATROOFHEIGHT,EG,ALONGWINDFORCECOEFFICIENTCD?FDQHBHACROSSWINDFORCECOEFFICIENTCL?FLQHBHANDTORSIONALMOMENTCOEFFICIENTCMT?MTQHBHRFORWINDDIRECTION0?,WHERER?DB2TD2T122WHENASIMPLEFRAMEWITHACOLUMNATEACHCORNERISASSUMED,THEABOVEWINDFORCECOEFFICIENTSCDCLANDCMTAREPROPORTIONALTOVECTORIALLOADEFFECTSSHEARFORCES,BENDINGMOMENTSINACORNERCOLUMNFORTHEALONGWINDDIRECTION,THEACROSSWINDDIRECTIONANDNORMALTOADIAGONAL,RESPECTIVELYTHUS,THESETHREEQUANTITIESCANBEARTICLEINPRESSTABLE1WINDTUNNELMODELSANDFLOWSMODELBMMDMMHMMLOWRISE,SQUAREPLANLS20020050LOWRISE,RECTANGULARPLANLR17012050MIDDLERISE,SQUAREPLANMS200200200MIDDLERISE,RECTANGULARPLANMR200100200FLOWSCALEPOWERLAWINDEX1/250A?1614FIG1WINDTUNNELMODELYTAMURAETAL/JWINDENGINDAERODYN9120031613–16251615

簡(jiǎn)介：THEOPENCIVILENGINEERINGJOURNAL,2010,4,65716518741495/102010BENTHAMOPENOPENACCESSTHEUSEOFSHEETGLASSPOWDERASFINEAGGREGATEREPLACEMENTINCONCRETEMMAGESWARI1,ANDDRBVIDIVELLI21RESEARCHSCHOLAR,STRUCTURALENGINEERING,ANNAMALAIUNIVERSITY,ANNAMALAINAGAR,600002,TAMILNADU,INDIA2PROFESSOROFSTRUCTURALENGINEERING,ANNAMALAIUNIVERSITY,ANNAMALAINAGAR,600002,TAMILNADU,INDIAABSTRACTSHEETGLASSPOWDERSGPUSEDINCONCRETEMAKINGLEADSTOGREENERENVIRONMENTINSHOPS,NEARBYCHIDAMBARAMMANYSHEETGLASSCUTTINGSGOTOWASTE,WHICHARENOTRECYCLEDATPRESENTANDUSUALLYDELIVEREDTOLANDFILLSFORDISPOSALUSINGSGPINCONCRETEISANINTERESTINGPOSSIBILITYFORECONOMYONWASTEDISPOSALSITESANDCONSERVATIONOFNATURALRESOURCESTHISPAPEREXAMINESTHEPOSSIBILITYOFUSINGSGPASAREPLACEMENTINFINEAGGREGATEFORANEWCONCRETENATURALSANDWASPARTIALLYREPLACED10,20,30,40AND50WITHSGPCOMPRESSIVESTRENGTH,TENSILESTRENGTHCUBESANDCYLINDERSANDFLEXURALSTRENGTHUPTO180DAYSOFAGEWERECOMPAREDWITHTHOSEOFCONCRETEMADEWITHNATURALFINEAGGREGATESFINENESSMODULUS,SPECIFICGRAVITY,MOISTURECONTENT,WATERABSORPTION,BULKDENSITY,VOIDS,POROSITYLOOSEANDCOMPACTSTATEFORSANDSANDSDAWEREALSOSTUDIEDTHETESTRESULTSINDICATETHATITISPOSSIBLETOMANUFACTURECONCRETECONTAININGSHEETGLASSPOWDERSGPWITHCHARACTERISTICSSIMILARTOTHOSEOFNATURALSANDAGGREGATECONCRETEPROVIDEDTHATTHEPERCENTAGEOFSGPASFINEAGGREGATEISLIMITEDTO1020,RESPECTIVELYKEYWORDSSHEETGLASSPOWDER,MECHANICALPROPERTIES,FINENESSMODULUS,BULKDENSITY,MOISTURECONTENTINTRODUCTIONDURINGTHELASTDECADESITHASBEENRECOGNIZEDTHATSHEETGLASSWASTEISOFLARGEVOLUMEANDISINCREASINGYEARBYYEARINTHESHOPS,CONSTRUCTIONAREASANDFACTORIESUSINGWASTEGLASSINTHECONCRETECONSTRUCTIONSECTORISADVANTAGEOUS,ASTHEPRODUCTIONCOSTOFCONCRETEWILLGODOWN1WASTEGLASSESAREUSEDASAGGREGATESFORCONCRETE24INCHENNAITHEREISAPLACECALLEDCHIDAMBARAMWHEREMOSTOFTHECOLOREDSHEETGLASSESFROMWINDOWSAREPACKEDASAWASTEANDSENTTOLANDFILLTHEPLAINSHEETGLASSESCANBERECYCLED,BUTITISCOSTLYTOREMOVETHECOLOROFCOLOREDGLASSESANDRECYCLEAGAINESTIMATEDCOSTFORHOUSINGISMOREANDSOMECONSTRUCTIONMATERIALSLIKENATURALSANDAREALSOBECOMINGRARE5ATTEMPTSHAVEBEENMADEFORALONGTIMETOUSEWASTEGLASSESASANAGGREGATEINCONCRETE,BUTITSEEMSTHATTHECONCRETEWITHWASTEGLASSESALWAYSCRACKS2,6VERYLIMITEDWORKHASBEENCONDUCTEDFORTHEUSEOFGROUNDGLASSASACONCRETEREPLACEMENT7THESEWASTESTORAGEDISPOSALSAREBECOMINGASERIOUSENVIRONMENTALPROBLEMESPECIALLYFORCHIDAMBARAMWHEREPLACEDISPOSALSITESARELACKINGHENCETHEREISANEEDFORRECYCLINGMOREANDMOREWASTEMATERIALSTHEMOSTWIDELYUSEDFINEAGGREGATEFORTHEMAKINGOFCONCRETEISTHENATURALSANDMINEDFROMTHERIVERBEDSHOWEVER,THEAVAILABILITYOFRIVERSANDFORTHEPREPARATIONOFCONCRETEISBECOMINGSCARCEDUETOTHEEXCESSIVENONSCIENTIFICMETHODSOFMININGFROMTHERIVERBEDS,LOWERINGOFWATERTABLE,SINKINGOFTHEBRIDGEPIERS,ETCAREBECOMINGCOMMONADDRESSCORRESPONDENCETOTHISAUTHORATTHERESEARCHSCHOLAR,STRUCTURALENGINEERING,ANNAMALAIUNIVERSITY,ANNAMALAINAGAR,600002,TAMILNADU,INDIATEL9942365816EMAILMAG_RAJABISHEKREDIFFCOMTREATS5THEPRESENTSCENARIODEMANDSIDENTIFICATIONOFSUBSTITUTEMATERIALSFORTHERIVERSANDFORMAKINGCONCRETERECENTLY,SOMEATTEMPTSHAVEBEENMADETOUSEGROUNDGLASSASAREPLACEMENTINCONCRETE810THEOBJECTIVEOFTHISPAPERISTOPRESENTTHERESULTSOFEXPERIMENTALINVESTIGATIONSONPHYSICALANDMECHANICALPROPERTIESOFCONCRETEMADEWITHSHEETGLASSPOWDERCONCRETENATURALFINEAGGREGATEISSUBSTITUTEDBYWEIGHTBYSHEETGLASSPOWDERATRATESVARYINGFROM10,20,30,40AND50PERCENTAGESCOMPRESSIVE,TENSION,ANDFLEXURALSTRENGTHAREEVALUATEDANDCOMPAREDUPTO180DAYSOFAGESSPECIFICPROPERTIESOFCONCRETEMATERIALSANDSHEETGLASSPOWDERAREALSOSTUDIEDMATERIALSANDMETHODSTHERAWMATERIALS,USEDFORTHISSTUDYARENATURALCOARSEAGGREGATE,FINEAGGREGATE,SHEETGLASSPOWDERSGPAGGREGATEAND53GRADESPORTLANDCEMENTTHESHEETGLASSUSEDFORTHISSTUDYWASCOLLECTEDFROMTHEPOINTSINCHIDAMBARAMTALUKATCUDDALOREDISTRICTSHEETGLASSISCONVERTEDINTOFINEAGGREGATEASSHOWNINFLOWCHARTFIG1ANDTHEPROCEDUREFORMAKINGSHEETGLASSCRETEISSHOWNINFLOWCHARTFIG2SHEETGLASSCOLLECTEDFROMSHOPSISSHOWNINFIG3,SHEETGLASSCRUSHEDISSHOWNINFIG4ANDSHEETGLASSPOWDERISSHOWNINFIG5SHEETGLASSPOWDERUSINGSIEVESIZEFROM475MMONWARDSISSHOWNINFIG6TABLE1SHOWSTHEFINENESSMODULUSRESULTSOFS,SGP,S10SGP,S20SGP,S30SGP,S40SGPANDS50SGPFIG3SHOWSTHEFINEAGGREGATEMATERIALOFGRADINGCURVEANDALSOSGP,S10SGP,S20SGP,S30SGP,S40SGPS50SGPAND100SGPTHESANDUSEDFORTHESTUDYWASLOCALLYAVAILABLERIVERSANDCONFORMINGTOGRADINGZONEIIIOFIS3831970THECOARSEAGGREGATEWASATHEUSEOFSHEETGLASSPOWDERASFINEAGGREGATEREPLACEMENTTHEOPENCIVILENGINEERINGJOURNAL,2010,VOLUME467FIG3SHEETGLASSFIG4CRUSHEDSHEETGLASSFIG5SHEETGLASSPOWDERFIG6SIEVEANALYSISOFTHEMATERIALSTABLE1FINENESSMODULUSPARAMETERSANDCOARSESGP90S10SGP80S20SGP70S30SGP60S40SGP50S50SGPSPECIFICGRAVITY26527301327327322315314WATERABSORPTION83045156958504542MOISTURECONTENT37000525724222020BULKDENSITYDRYLOOSESTATEKG/M314681450131015101530154015401520VOIDS40839575354525152POROSITY28927363435343334BULKDENSITYDRYCOMPACTSTATEKG/M315121640153016201650170017001690VOIDS353934504949474646POROSITY25925333232313131FLAKINESSINDEX10ELONGATIONINDEX961TABLE2PHYSICALPROPERTIESOFMATERIALSOXIDESIO2A2O3FE2O3CAOMGOSO3LOINA2OK2OPERCENTAGEBYMASS722011307009022011MATERIALFINENESSMODULUSSANDS221SGP21690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簡(jiǎn)介：此文檔是畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯成品（含英文原文中文翻譯），無需調(diào)整復(fù)雜的格式下載之后直接可用，方便快捷本文價(jià)格不貴,也就幾十塊錢一輩子也就一次的事外文標(biāo)題THEDISCUSSIONOFWATERSAVINGTECHNOLOGYABOUTWATERSUPPLYANDDRAINAGEINBUILDING外文作者QIJUNFENG,YANGYANYAN,HULINPENG文獻(xiàn)出處2017INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONDIGITALMANUFACTURINGPERFECTINGHOTWATERSUPPLYSYSTEMANDREDUCINGINEFFECTUALCOLDWATERADOPTINGWATERSAVINGWATERDISPENSINGFIXTURESANDSANITARYWAREPROMOTINGTHEUTILIZATIONOFHIGHQUALITYPIPEANDVALVEANDIMPROVINGTHECURRENTCONSTRUCTIONOFFIREPOOLASWELLASDEVELOPINGANDPROMOTINGTHETECHNOLOGYOFUTILIZATIONOFRECLAIMEDWATERANDRAINWATERKEYWORDSBUILDINGWATERSUPPLYANDDRAINAGEWATERCONSERVATIONTECHNIQUESIINTRODUCTIONWATERISASTRATEGICRESOURCEWHICHISRELATEDTOHUMANSURVIVALANDDEVELOPMENTTHETHEPRESSUREOFWATERSUPPLYSUBAREASHOULDBEACTEDACCORDINGTOCODEFORDESIGNOFBUILDINGOFWATERSUPPLYANDDRAINAGE,WHILETHEBESTUSEHYDRAULICPRESSUREOFSANITARYWARESISBETWEEN010MPAAND020MPA,MOSTOFTHEMAREINOVERPRESSUREFLOWINRECENTYEARS,BRANCHPIPEDECOMPRESSIONWASWIDELYUSEDINPROJECTS,WHICHBECAMEANIMPORTANTMEASUREFORWATERSAVINGINTHELOWERPARTOFWATERSUPPLYSUBAREA,THEHYDROSTATICPRESSUREOFWATERSUPPLYAFTERDECOMPRESSIONSHOULDTAKELOWVALUEASPOSSIBLEONTHECONDITIONTHATITSATISFIESTHEDEMANDOFRATEDFLOWOFSANITARYWARES’WATERSUPPLYFITTINGSITISSUGGESTEDTHAT,INHIGHERPARTOFWATERSUPPLYSUBAREA,DECOMPRESSIONMEASURESSHOULDBETAKENWHENTHELOWESTHYDROSTATICPRESSUREOFSANITARYWARES’WATERDISTRIBUTIONPOINTSISMORETHAN015MPABADOPTDECOMPRESSIONMEASURESPROPERLYALLOCATINGRELIEFFITTINGINWATERSUPPLYSYSTEMMEANSTHATHYDRAULICPRESSURESHOULDBELIMITEDWITHINLIMITINGVALUEANDREDUCETHETHREATOFOVERPRESSUREFLOWREDUCINGVALVECANREDUCEDYNAMICPRESSURE,STATICPRESSUREHAVEGOODRUNNINGCHARACTERISTICSANDHAVEOBVIOUSEFFECTSONTHROTTLINGANDSOUNDABSORBING,WHICHISWIDELYUSEDINTHENEWBUILDINGSHOWEVER,THEPRICEOFREDUCINGVALVEISEXPENSIVE,SOITSHOULDBEUSEDAFTERDOINGANECONOMICCOMPARISONINPOORANDBACKWARDAREASPROPORTIONALVALVEHASSIMPLESTRUCTUREANDREASONABLEPRICEWHICHISRECOMMENDEDTOUSECOMPAREDWITHREDUCINGVALVE,DECOMPRESSIONORIFICEPLATE’SSYSTEMISFAIRLYSIMPLE,ANDHASLESSINVESTMENTASWELLASCONVENIENTMANAGEMENT,BUTDECOMPRESSIONORIFICEPLATECANONLYREDUCEDYNAMICPRESSUREBUTNOTHYDROSTATICPRESSURE,ANDTHEDOWNSTREAMPRESSUREISALWAYSCHANGINGWITHTHEUPSTREAMPRESSUREANDFLOWRATESOITONLYCANBEUSEDUNDERLESSDEMANDONWATERSUPPLYPRESSUREIIIPERFECTHOTWATERSUPPLYSYSTEMANDREDUCEINEFFECTUALCOLDWATERWITHTHEIMPROVEMENTOFPEOPLESLIVINGSTANDARDANDIMPROVEDBUILDINGFUNCTIONS,BUILDINGHOTWATERSYSTEMGRADUALLYBECOMEAINDISPENSABLEPARTOFBUILDINGWATERSUPPLYSYSTEMACCORDINGTOTHESURVEY,MOSTCENTRALHOTWATERSUPPLYSYSTEMEXISTSERIOUSWASTEFULPHENOMENON,WHICHISMAINLYEMBODIEDINWECANNOTOBTAINSATISFACTORYHOTWATERINTIMEAFTEROPENINGHOTWATERAPPARATUS,BUTLETOUTSOMECOLDWATERTONORMALUSETHEPRESENTCODEFORDESIGNOFBUILDINGOFWATERSUPPLYANDDRAINAGEPUTSFORWARDTHREEMETHODSOFHOTWATERCIRCULATION,WHICHINCLUDEBRANCHPIPECIRCULATION,STANDPIPECIRCULATIONANDMAINPIPECIRCULATIONLOOPFREEHOTWATER

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