簡介：EJSESPECIALISSUELOADINGONSTRUCTURES20071INTRODUCTIONOTHERPAPERSPRESENTEDINTHISSERIESCONSIDERTHEDESIGNOFBUILDINGSFORGRAVITYLOADS,WINDANDEARTHQUAKESTHEDESIGNOFBUILDINGSAGAINSTSUCHLOADEFFECTSISTOALARGEEXTENTCOVEREDBYENGINEERINGBASEDSTANDARDSREFERENCEDBYTHEBUILDINGREGULATIONSTHISISNOTTHECASE,TONEARLYTHESAMEEXTENT,INTHECASEOFFIRERATHER,ITISBUILDINGREGULATIONSSUCHASTHEBUILDINGCODEOFAUSTRALIABCATHATDIRECTLYSPECIFYMOSTOFTHEREQUIREMENTSFORFIRESAFETYOFBUILDINGSWITHREFERENCEBEINGMADETOSTANDARDSSUCHASAS3600ORAS4100FORMETHODSFORDETERMININGTHEFIRERESISTANCEOFSTRUCTURALELEMENTSTHEPURPOSEOFTHISPAPERISTOCONSIDERTHEDESIGNOFBUILDINGSFORFIRESAFETYFROMANENGINEERINGPERSPECTIVEASISCURRENTLYDONEFOROTHERLOADSSUCHASWINDOREARTHQUAKES,WHILSTATTHESAMETIME,PUTTINGSUCHAPPROACHESINTHECONTEXTOFTHECURRENTREGULATORYREQUIREMENTSATTHEOUTSET,ITNEEDSTOBENOTEDTHATDESIGNINGABUILDINGFORFIRESAFETYISFARMORETHANSIMPLYCONSIDERINGTHEBUILDINGSTRUCTUREANDWHETHERITHASSUFFICIENTSTRUCTURALADEQUACYTHISISBECAUSEFIRESCANHAVEADIRECTINFLUENCEONOCCUPANTSVIASMOKEANDHEATANDCANGROWINSIZEANDSEVERITYUNLIKEOTHEREFFECTSIMPOSEDONTHEBUILDINGNOTWITHSTANDINGTHESECOMMENTS,THEFOCUSOFTHISPAPERWILLBELARGELYONDESIGNISSUESASSOCIATEDWITHTHEBUILDINGSTRUCTURETWOSITUATIONSASSOCIATEDWITHABUILDINGAREUSEDFORTHEPURPOSEOFDISCUSSIONTHEMULTISTOREYOFFICEBUILDINGSHOWNINFIGURE1ISSUPPORTEDBYATRANSFERSTRUCTURETHATSPANSOVERASETOFRAILWAYTRACKSITISASSUMEDTHATAWIDERANGEOFRAILTRAFFICUTILISESTHESETRACKSINCLUDINGFREIGHTANDDIESELLOCOMOTIVESTHEFIRSTSITUATIONTOBECONSIDEREDFROMAFIRESAFETYPERSPECTIVEISTHETRANSFERSTRUCTURETHISISTERMEDSITUATION1ANDTHEKEYQUESTIONSAREWHATLEVELOFFIRERESISTANCEISREQUIREDFORTHISTRANSFERSTRUCTUREANDHOWCANTHISBEDETERMINEDTHISSITUATIONHASBEENCHOSENSINCEITCLEARLYFALLSOUTSIDETHENORMALREGULATORYSCOPEOFMOSTBUILDINGREGULATIONSANENGINEERINGSOLUTION,RATHERTHANAPRESCRIPTIVEONEISREQUIREDTHESECONDFIRESITUATIONTERMEDSITUATION2CORRESPONDSTOAFIREDESIGNINGAGAINSTFIREIDBENNETTSNOELARNOLDANDASSOCIATES,MELBOURNEAUSTRALIAIRTHOMASCESARE,VICTORIAUNIVERSITY,AUSTRALIAABSTRACTTHISPAPERCONSIDERSTHEDESIGNOFBUILDINGSFORFIRESAFETYITISFOUNDTHATFIREANDTHEASSOCIATEDEFFECTSONBUILDINGSISSIGNIFICANTLYDIFFERENTTOOTHERFORMSOFLOADINGSUCHASGRAVITYLIVELOADS,WINDANDEARTHQUAKESANDTHEIRRESPECTIVEEFFECTSONTHEBUILDINGSTRUCTUREFIREEVENTSAREDERIVEDFROMTHEHUMANACTIVITIESWITHINBUILDINGSORFROMTHEMALFUNCTIONOFMECHANICALANDELECTRICALEQUIPMENTPROVIDEDWITHINBUILDINGSTOACHIEVEASERVICEABLEENVIRONMENTITISTHEREFOREPOSSIBLETODIRECTLYINFLUENCETHERATEOFFIRESTARTSWITHINBUILDINGSBYCHANGINGHUMANBEHAVIOUR,IMPROVEDMAINTENANCEANDIMPROVEDDESIGNOFMECHANICALANDELECTRICALSYSTEMSFURTHERMORE,SHOULDAFIREDEVELOPS,ITISPOSSIBLETODIRECTLYINFLUENCETHERESULTINGFIRESEVERITYBYTHEINCORPORATIONOFFIRESAFETYSYSTEMSSUCHASSPRINKLERSANDTOPROVIDEMEASURESWITHINTHEBUILDINGTOENABLESAFEREGRESSFROMTHEBUILDINGTHEABILITYTOINFLUENCETHERATEOFFIRESTARTSANDTHERESULTINGFIRESEVERITYISUNIQUETOTHECONSIDERATIONOFFIREWITHINBUILDINGSSINCEOTHERLOADSSUCHASWINDANDEARTHQUAKESAREDIRECTLYAFUNCTIONOFNATURETHEPOSSIBLEAPPROACHESFORDESIGNINGABUILDINGFORFIRESAFETYAREPRESENTEDUSINGANEXAMPLEOFAMULTISTOREYBUILDINGCONSTRUCTEDOVERARAILWAYLINETHEDESIGNOFBOTHTHETRANSFERSTRUCTURESUPPORTINGTHEBUILDINGOVERTHERAILWAYANDTHELEVELSABOVETHETRANSFERSTRUCTUREARECONSIDEREDINTHECONTEXTOFCURRENTREGULATORYREQUIREMENTSTHEPRINCIPLESANDASSUMPTIONSASSOCIATEDWITHVARIOUSAPPROACHESAREDISCUSSED9EJSESPECIALISSUELOADINGONSTRUCTURES2007TEMMAYASSISTINTHEDEVELOPMENTOFOTHERLOADRESISTINGMECHANISMSSEESECTION435WITHTHEEXCEPTIONOFTHEDEVELOPMENTOFFORCESDUETORESTRAINTOFTHERMALEXPANSION,FIREDOESNOTIMPOSELOADSONTHESTRUCTUREBUTRATHERREDUCESSTIFFNESSANDSTRENGTHSUCHEFFECTSARENOTINSTANTANEOUSBUTAREAFUNCTIONOFTIMEANDTHISISDIFFERENTTOTHEEFFECTSOFLOADSSUCHASEARTHQUAKEANDWINDTHATAREMOREORLESSINSTANTANEOUSHEATINGEFFECTSASSOCIATEDWITHAFIREWILLNOTBESIGNIFICANTORTHERATEOFLOSSOFCAPACITYWILLBESLOWEDIFATHEFIREISEXTINGUISHEDEGANEFFECTIVESPRINKLERSYSTEMBTHEFIREISOFINSUFFICIENTSEVERITY–INSUFFICIENTFUEL,AND/ORCTHESTRUCTURALELEMENTSHAVESUFFICIENTTHERMALMASSAND/ORINSULATIONTOSLOWTHERISEININTERNALTEMPERATUREFIREPROTECTIONMEASURESSUCHASPROVIDINGSUFFICIENTAXISDISTANCEANDDIMENSIONSFORCONCRETEELEMENTS,ANDSUFFICIENTINSULATIONTHICKNESSFORSTEELELEMENTSAREEXAMPLESOFCTHESEAREILLUSTRATEDINFIGURE2THETWOSITUATIONSDESCRIBEDINTHEINTRODUCTIONARENOWCONSIDERED3FIRESDUETOTRAINSBELOWBUILDING31POSSIBLEAPPROACHESWHATLEVELOFFIRERESISTANCEISREQUIREDFORTHETRANSFERSTRUCTURESHOWNINFIGURE1ONEAPPROACHTOANSWERINGTHISQUESTIONCOULDBETODESIGNTHETRANSFERSTRUCTURETORESISTTHEMOSTSEVEREPOSSIBLEFIREUNTILTHATFIREHASBURNTOUTHOWEVER,IFTHETRAINSTRAVELINGBELOWTHEBUILDINGINCLUDEARANGEOFDIESELLOCOMOTIVESANDFREIGHTCARS,ITMAYNOTBEECONOMICALLYFEASIBLETODESIGNAGAINSTTHEWORSTPOSSIBLEFIREANOTHERMORERATIONALAPPROACHWOULDBETODESIGNTHETRANSFERSTRUCTURALELEMENTSAGAINSTFIRESUCHTHATTHEPROBABILITYOFFAILUREOFTHEMEMBERSINTHEEVENTOFFIREMANYDIFFERENTFIRESWITHDIFFERENTPROBABILITIESOFOCCURRENCEISNOGREATERTHANTHATASSOCIATEDWITHTHENORMALTEMPERATURELOADINGCONDITIONSINTHISAPPROACHACCOUNTMUSTBETAKENOFATHEVARIABILITYASSOCIATEDW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簡介：4700英文單詞，英文單詞，26萬英文字符，中文萬英文字符，中文8000字文獻出處文獻出處PERSPECTIVEOFAEROGELGLAZINGSINENERGYEFFICIENTBUILDINGSJBUILDINGANDENVIRONMENT,2016,95405413PERSPECTIVEOFAEROGELGLAZINGSINENERGYEFFICIENTBUILDINGSTAOGAO,TAKESHIIHARA,STEINARGRYNNING,BJ?RNPETTERJELLE,ANNEGUNNARSHAUGLIENABSTRACTTHEAPPLICATIONPERSPECTIVEOFAEROGELGLAZINGSINENERGYEFFICIENTBUILDINGSHASBEENDISCUSSEDBYEVALUATINGTHEIRENERGYEFFICIENCY,PROCESSECONOMICS,ANDENVIRONMENTALIMPACTFORSUCHAPURPOSE,PROTOTYPEAEROGELGLAZINGUNITSHAVEBEENASSEMBLEDBYINCORPORATINGAEROGELGRANULESINTOTHEAIRCAVITYOFCORRESPONDINGDOUBLEGLAZINGUNITS,WHICHENABLESANEXPERIMENTALINVESTIGATIONONTHEIRPHYSICALPROPERTIESANDASUBSEQUENTNUMERICALSIMULATIONONTHEIRENERGYPERFORMANCETHERESULTSSHOWTHAT,COMPAREDTOTHEDOUBLEGLAZINGCOUNTERPARTS,AEROGELGLAZINGSCANCONTRIBUTETOABOUT21REDUCTIONINENERGYCONSUMPTIONSRELATEDTOHEATING,COOLING,ANDLIGHTINGPAYBACKTIMECALCULATIONSINDICATETHATTHERETURNONINVESTMENTOFAEROGELGLAZINGISABOUT44YEARSINACOLDCLIMATEOSLO,NORWAYMOREOVER,THEPHYSICALPROPERTIESANDENERGYPERFORMANCEOFAEROGELGLAZINGSCANBECONTROLLEDBYMODIFYINGTHEEMPLOYEDAEROGELGRANULES,THUSHIGHLIGHTINGTHEIRPOTENTIALOVEROTHERGLAZINGTECHNOLOGIESFORWINDOWRETROFITTINGTOWARDSENERGYEFFICIENTBUILDINGSTHERESULTSALSOSHOWTHATAEROGELGLAZINGSMAYHAVEALARGEENVIRONMENTALIMPACTRELATEDTOTHEUSEOFSILICAAEROGELSWITHHIGHEMBODIEDENERGIESANDPOTENTIALHEALTH,SAFETYANDENVIRONMENTHAZARDS,INDICATINGTHEIMPORTANCEOFDEVELOPINGGUIDELINESTOREGULATETHEUSEOFAEROGELGLAZINGSKEYWORDSSILICAAEROGELWINDOWGLAZINGENERGYEFFICIENTBUILDINGENVIRONMENTALIMPACT1INTRODUCTIONASANIMPORTANTBUILDINGELEMENTINMODERNARCHITECTURE,WINDOWSALLOWLIGHT,SOLARENERGY,ANDFRESHAIRTOPROMULGATETHELIVINGAREAANDOFFERANIRREPLACEABLEINDOOREOUTDOORINTERACTION,THUSHAVINGAHUGEIMPACTONTHEOCCUPANTCOMFORTHOWEVER,THEFACTTHATWINDOWSAREUSUALLYMADEOFCLEARGLASSMAYBRINGWITHSOMEDRAWBACKS,SUCHASGLAREANDSOLAROVERHEATING,WHICHMAYDEGRADETHEUSERCOMFORTANDINCREASETHEENERGYCONSUMPTIONOFBUILDINGS1ANOTHERISSUEASSOCIATEDWITHCLEARGLASSWINDOWSISTHEIRPOORTHERMALINSULATIONPERFORMANCECOMPAREDTOOTHERBUILDINGENVELOPECOMPONENTSSUCHASWALLSORROOFSINGENERAL,WINDOWSREPRESENTALARGETHERMALBRIDGEANDCANCONSTITUTEUPTO45OFTHETOTALENERGYLOSSTHOUGHTHEBUILDINGENVELOPE2CONSEQUENTLY,IMPROVINGTHETHERMALINSULATIONLEVELOFWINDOWSHASWITHOUTDOUBTBEENANIMPORTANTRESEARCHTOPIC1E3HIGHLYINSULATINGGLAZINGUNITSORWINDOWSWITHUVALUESHEATTRANSFERCOEFFICIENTLOWERTHAN07W/M2KHAVEBEENUNDERRAPIDDEVELOPMENT2COMMERCIALPRODUCTSSUCHASMULTILAYEREDWINDOWS4,5ANDAEROGELGLAZINGS68HAVEBEENSOLDFORAWIDERANGEOFAPPLICATIONS,IE,FORBOTHNEWBUILDINGSANDWINDOWRENOVATIONSTOWARDSENERGYEFFICIENTBUILDINGSAEROGELGLAZINGSAREANINTERESTINGGLAZINGTECHNOLOGYANDMAYADDRESSSIMULTANEOUSLYTHEENERGYEFFICIENCYANDUSERCOMFORTREQUIREMENTPLACEDONWINDOWS69AEROGELGLAZINGSAREARCHITECTURALLYSIMILARTOTHECONVENTIONALDOUBLEGLAZINGS,WHERETHEAIRCAVITYBETWEENTHETWOCLEARGLASSPANESISFILLEDWITHSILICAAEROGELSWITHLOWTHERMALCONDUCTIVITIESABOUT0013AND0020W/MKFORMONOLITHICANDGRANULARAEROGELS,RESPECTIVELY8,9AEROGELGLAZINGSHAVEUSUALLYAHIGHLEVELOFTHERMALINSULATIONANDATYPICALUVALUEOFABOUT06W/M2KCANMMTHEASPREPAREDAGUSWERETHEREAFTERAGEDINAIRAT25℃FOR2WEEKSANDFOLLOWEDBYANOTHER2WEEKAGINGAT50℃TOHARDENCOMPLETELYTHESILICONSEALANTSMALLSIZEDAGUSAMPLESGLAZINGAREA4CM2WEREALSOPREPAREDANDUSEDFORTHEOPTICALMEASUREMENTPURPOSEFIG1PHOTOGRAPHOFASILICAAEROGELGRANULESANDBTHEASSEMBLEDAEROGELGLAZINGUNITDIMENSIONS475MM325MMSCALEBARINPANELA10MMTHEWRINKLEPATTERNINTHEAEROGELGLAZINGUNITRESULTSFROMTHEASSEMBLYPROCESS922CHARACTERIZATIONTHERMALCONDUCTIVITYOFAEROGELGRANULESWASMEASUREDBYUSINGAHEATFLOWMETERMETHOD,WHICHWASPERFORMEDACCORDINGTOISO830119ANDEN1266720ASSHOWNINFIG2,THESAMPLEWASENCLOSEDINANEPSEXPANDEDPOLYSTYRENERINGANDSANDWICHEDBETWEENTHETWOHEATFLUXSENSORSPRESETTEMPERATUREFORTHEHOTTOPANDCOLDSIDEBOTTOMWAS20AND0℃,RESPECTIVELYTHERMALPROPERTIESIE,THERMALRESISTANCE,CONDUCTIVITY,ANDTRANSMITTANCEOFTHEASPREPAREDAGUSWEREALSOEVALUATEDBYUSINGTHESAMEEXPERIMENTALSETUPHERE,THEAGUSWERETREATEDASAHOMOGENEOUSMATERIALSYSTEMWITHHIGHTHERMALRESISTANCE,WHICHISSIMILARTOTHATUSEDFORVACUUMINSULATIONPANELS21FIG2EXPERIMENTALSETUPFORTHEHEATFLOWMETERMEASUREMENTSANEPSEXPANDEDPOLYSTYRENERINGISUSEDTOENCLOSETHEAEROGELGRANULESTHEMEASUREABLEDIMENSIONSAREABOUT450MM450MM50MMOPTICALPROPERTIESTRANSMITTANCEANDREFLECTANCEOFTHEASPREPAREDGLAZINGUNITSWEREEVALUATEDFROM290TO2500NMONAPERKINELMERLAMBDA1050UV/VIS/NIRSPECTROPHOTOMETERWITHA150MMINTEGRATINGSPHEREACCESSORY,WHICHOPERATESINDOUBLEBEAMMODEINTHESPECULARINCLUDE8°/HORSPECULAREXCLUDE8°/DGEOMETRIESREFLECTANCESPECTRAWERECALIBRATEDWITHA20“LABSPHEREDIFFUSEREFLECTANCESTANDARD23ENERGYSIMULATIONENERGYPLUSVERSION8WASUSEDTOESTIMATETHEENERGYCONSUMPTIONHEATING,COOLING,ANDLIGHTINGOFANOFFICEBUILDINGLOCATEDINOSLOASIMPLIFIEDSIMULATIONWASUSEDTOEVALUATETHEENERGYPERFORMANCEOFDIFFERENTGLAZINGTECHNOLOGIESASSHOWNINFIG3,THESIMPLIFIEDOFFICEMODELCONSISTEDOFONESTORYWITHAHEATINGFLOORSURFACEAREAOF784M2ANDACORRESPONDING

簡介：3050英文單詞，英文單詞，16500英文字符，中文英文字符，中文5000字文獻出處文獻出處SOLAKD,TOPALOGLUMTHEPERCEPTIONANALYSISOFCYBERCRIMESINVIEWOFCOMPUTERSCIENCESTUDENTSJPROCEDIASOCIALANDBEHAVIORALSCIENCES,2015,182590595THEPERCEPTIONANALYSISOFCYBERCRIMESINVIEWOFCOMPUTERSCIENCESTUDENTSDUYGUSOLAK,MURATTOPALOGLUABSTRACTCOMPUTERTECHNOLOGIESGROWINGRAPIDLYHASBECOMEANINDISPENSABLEPARTOFMODERNLIFEWHILEMAKINGSOCIALLIFEEASIER,THECHANGESTHATTECHNOLOGYHASBROUGHTALSOBRINGFORTHSOMESECURITYISSUESTHUS,ITISEASIERTOCOMMITCRIMESANDWEAREFACEDWITHCYBERCRIMESTHISSTUDYEXAMINESTHEDIFFERENCESAMONGTHECYBERCRIMEPERCEPTIONSOFUNDERGRADUATESTUDENTSATTRAKYAUNIVERSITYINTERMSOFDEMOGRAPHICFACTORSTHEMETHODOFTHESTUDYWASAQUESTIONNAIRETHATWASGIVENTOLECTURERSANDSTUDENTSATTRAKYAUNIVERSITYSAMPLEANDITWASDESIGNEDTOMEASUREANDASSESSTHELEVELSOFINTERESTINTECHNOLOGY,THESEVERITYOFCYBERCRIMESANDTHEINDIVIDUALS’PERCEPTIONSOFCYBERCRIMESINTERMSOFETHICSANDLAWTHEFINDINGSOFTHESTUDYCANHELPUSDEFINETHELEVELOFCOMMONPERCEPTIONOFCYBERCRIMESANDTHEMEANINGFULDIFFERENCESBETWEENSEPARATEGROUPSKEYWORDSINFORMATIONTECHNOLOGIES,CYBERCRIMES,INFORMATIONTECHNOLOGYLAW,PERCEPTIONANALYSIS1INTRODUCTIONINFORMATICSHASBEENDEFINEDASTHESCIENCEOFPROCESSINGOFTHEINFORMATIONUSEDINTECHNICAL,ECONOMICANDSOCIALCOMMUNICATIONAREAS,ANDONWHICHSCIENCEHASITSOWNBASIS,PROPERLYANDLOGICALLYVIAELECTRONICMACHINESINPARTICULARKOKSAL,2006THEDEVELOPMENTSINCOMPUTERANDINFORMATIONTECHNOLOGIESHAVEPENETRATEDINTOANYTHINGINEVERYDAYLIFEGLOBALIZATIONHASGAINEDSPEEDWITHTHEINTERNETBECOMINGMOREPOPULARANDTHEPHYSICALBOUNDARIESHAVEDISAPPEAREDTHISPOPULARITYOFTHEINTERNETHASBROUGHTFORTHTHEISSUESLIKESTORINGANDPROCESSINGINFORMATIONTHEDEVELOPMENTSININFORMATICSHAVEBOTHPROSANDCONSFORHUMANITYSINCETHEECONOMIC,SOCIALANDPOLITICALVALUEOFTHEINFORMATIONHASINCREASED,THEPEOPLEWHOWANTTOCUTCORNERSTOGAINPOWERANDMONEYHAVEBEGUNTOTENDTOWARDSUSINGINFORMATIONTECHNOLOGIESTOCOMMITCRIMES,SOMETIMESTARGETINGTHETECHNOLOGYITSELFHEREIN,THETERM“CYBERCRIME”BECOMESEVIDENTCYBERCRIMEIS“ANYKINDOFILLEGAL,UNETHICALANDUNAUTHORIZEDBEHAVIORINASYSTEMWHICHPROCESSESINFORMATIONAUTOMATICALLYORTRANSFERSDATA”KESKIN,2009CYBERCRIMECANBEDIVIDEDINTOTWOMAINCATEGORIESWHERETHECOMPUTERISUSEDASATOOLORASATARGETHARASSINGANDTHREATENINGPEOPLEONTHEINTERNETORMOBILEPHONES,ANDPUBLISHINGMUSICORBOOKSWITHOUTHAVINGTHECOPYRIGHTSARETWOEXAMPLESOFCYBERCRIMETHEAUTHORITIESPREFERTOEXTENDTHESCOPEOFTHEPUNISHMENTSFORCLASSICCRIMESINSTEADOFADDINGCYBERCRIMECLAUSESTOTHEPRESENTCODESONTHEOTHERHAND,ACTSLIKEDISTORTING,REPLACINGDATAANDBLOCKINGACCESSTOASYSTEMARECRIMESWHERETHEINFORMATIONSYSTEMSARETARGETEDDIRECTLYANDTHEREAREINDEPENDENTCODESANDREGULATIONSINLAWDEFININGTHESCOPEOFTHESECRIMESTODAYCYBERCRIMEISANIMPORTANTPROBLEMGROWINGRAPIDLYTHEREFORE,THENEEDFORLEGALACTSCOMBININGBOTHLAWANDTECHNOLOGYHASRISENDRAMATICALLYHOWEVER,THEREISMUCHTOBEDONETOREDUCETHENUMBEROFCYBERCRIMESTHEFIRSTRECORDEDCYBERCRIMEWASRELEASEDTOTHEPUBLICINAMINNEAPOLISTRIBUNEARTICLE“COMPUTEREXPERTACCUSEDOFCOOKINGTHEACCOUNTBOOKS”O(jiān)NOCTOBER18TH,1966IN1973,ONEOFTHECLASSICEARLYDATADIDDLINGFRAUDSWAS“EQUITYFUNDING”3,NOTACRIME4,DEFINITELYNOTACRIME5”AREUSEDWHEREAS“CERTAINLYRIGHT1,RIGHT2,NEUTRAL3,WRONG4,DEFINITELYWRONG5”STATEMENTSAREUSEDTOEXAMINEMORALATTITUDESTOWARDSCYBERCRIMETHEQUESTIONNAIREFORMWASTAKENFROMTHEMASTERS’THESIS“THEPERCEPTIONANALYSISOFCOMPUTERCRIMESWITHRESPECTTOSOCIOCULTURALLEVELS”BY?LBAS,2009ANDAPPLIEDTOTHESTUDYGROUP25DATAANALYSISSPSS20STATISTICALPACKAGEFORSOCIALSCIENCESWASUSEDFORTHEANALYSISOFTHEDATAPERCENTAGEANDFREQUENCYANALYSISWEREUSEDTODETERMINETHEPERCEPTIONSANALYSISOFCYBERCRIMEINCOMPUTERSTUDENTSTHERELIABILITYCOEFFICIENTFORTHEWHOLESCALEWASFOUND0883FINDINGSINTHISSECTION,FREQUENCYANDPERCENTAGEDISTRIBUTIONSOFTHESTUDENTS’GENDERSANDYEARSOFSTUDYAREPRESENTED35264STUDENTSOFTHEPARTICIPANTSWEREFEMALESAND648118PEOPLEWEREMALES,827STUDENTSWEREFRESHMEN,337STUDENTSWERESOPHOMORES,938STUDENTSWEREJUNIORSANDD,080STUDENTSWERESENIORSACCORDINGTOTHEFREQUENCYANALYSISRESULTSFORTHEINTERESTINCOMPUTERSANDTECHNOLOGYANDFOLLOWINGTHELATESTDEVELOPMENTSINTHEFIELD611STUDENTSOFTHESTUDENTSREPORTEDTHEYARENOTINTERESTEDINTHESUBJECTANDDONOTFOLLOWTHELATESTDEVELOPMENTSWITH9,918STUDENTSWHOARENOTINTERESTEDBUTFOLLOWINGTHEUPDATESINWRITTENANDVISUALMEDIA,2OFTHEPARTICIPANTS44STUDENTSSAIDTHEYAREINTERESTEDINTHESUBJECTSWITHOUTFOLLOWINGTHEUPDATESWITHY,3108REPORTINGTHEIRINTERESTINBOTHTHESUBJECTANDLATESTDEVELOPMENTSTHERESULTSSHOWTHATMAJORITYOFTHESTUDENTSHAVEINTERESTINCOMPUTERS,TECHNOLOGYANDTHEINTERNETFOLLOWINGTHEUPDATESANDDEVELOPMENTSCLOSELYACCORDINGTOTHEFREQUENCYANALYSISFORHOWLONGTHESTUDENTSHAVEBEENUSINGTHEINTERNET0,51STUDENTSSAID“IDON’TUSE”0,51STUDENTSSAIDTHEYHAVEBEENUSINGINFORMATIONTECHNOLOGIESFOR“LESSTHANAYEAR”,419STUDENTS25YEARSY,3108STUDENTS69YEARS,1OFTHESTUDENTSREPORTEDTHATTHEYHAVEBEENUSINGTHEINTERNETMORETHAN10YEARSMOSTOFTHESTUDENTSHAVEBEENUSINGTHEINTERNETFOR69YEARSACCORDINGTOTHERESULTSTHEFREQUENCYANALYSISFORTHEPLACEWHERETHESTUDENTSGETCONNECTEDTOTHEINTERNETSHOWTHAT1,357STUDENTSCANACCESSTOTHEINTERNETATHOMEAND8,215STUDENTSUSETHEINTERNETATWORKORATSCHOOLWHILE0,51STUDENTGOESTOINTERNETCAFES1,63STUDENTSREPORTEDUSINGCOMMONACCESSAREASMOSTOFTHE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簡介：SCIENCEDIRECTAVAILABLEONLINEATWWWSCIENCEDIRECTCOMAVAILABLEONLINEATWWWSCIENCEDIRECTCOMSCIENCEDIRECTENERGYPROCEDIA002017000–000WWWELSEVIERCOM/LOCATE/PROCEDIA18766102?2017THEAUTHORSPUBLISHEDBYELSEVIERLTDPEERREVIEWUNDERRESPONSIBILITYOFTHESCIENTIFICCOMMITTEEOFTHE15THINTERNATIONALSYMPOSIUMONDISTRICTHEATINGANDCOOLINGENERGYPROCEDIA1382017411–41618766102?2017THEAUTHORSPUBLISHEDBYELSEVIERLTDPEERREVIEWUNDERRESPONSIBILITYOFTHESCIENTIFICCOMMITTEEOFTHE2017INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONALTERNATIVEENERGYINDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESANDEMERGINGECONOMIES101016/JEGYPRO201710186?2017THEAUTHORSPUBLISHEDBYELSEVIERLTDPEERREVIEWUNDERRESPONSIBILITYOFTHESCIENTIFICCOMMITTEEOFTHE2017INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONALTERNATIVEENERGYINDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESANDEMERGINGECONOMIESAVAILABLEONLINEATWWWSCIENCEDIRECTCOMSCIENCEDIRECTENERGYPROCEDIA002017000–000WWWELSEVIERCOM/LOCATE/PROCEDIA18766102?2017THEAUTHORSPUBLISHEDBYELSEVIERLTDPEERREVIEWUNDERRESPONSIBILITYOFTHEORGANIZINGCOMMITTEEOF2017AEDCEE2017INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONALTERNATIVEENERGYINDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESANDEMERGINGECONOMIES2017AEDCEE,25‐26MAY2017,BANGKOK,THAILANDWASTEGENERATEDINHIGHRISEBUILDINGSCONSTRUCTIONACURRENTSITUATIONINTHAILANDPOOMBETETHONGKAMSUKA,KRICHKANOKSUDASNAB,ANDTUSANEETONDEEBARATTANAKOSINCOLLEGEFORSUSTAINABLEENERGYANDENVIRONMENT,RMUTR,THAILANDBFACULTYOFARCHITECTUREANDDESIGN,RMUTR,THAILANDABSTRACTTHECONSTRUCTIONINDUSTRYISONEOFTHEKEYECONOMICDEVELOPMENTACTIVITIESINTHAILANDANINCREASINGOFTHECONSTRUCTIONSECTORALSOCONTRIBUTEDTOTHEINCREASINGOFENVIRONMENTALPOLLUTIONITWASESTIMATEDABOUT1330OFALLSOLIDWASTEDEPOSITIONINLANDFILLSWORLDWIDECOMPRISEDCONSTRUCTIONANDDEMOLITIONWASTETHEINTERNATIONALRESEARCHESWERESHOWEDTHATTHECONSTRUCTIONINDUSTRYGENERATEDHIGHVOLUMEORQUANTITIESOFMATERIALWASTEOFTENATTRIBUTEDTOTHELACKOFONSITEMATERIALCONTROLCONSEQUENTLY,REDUCINGCONSTRUCTIONWASTEWASBECOMINGAKEYENVIRONMENTALISSUEINTHEBUILDINGCONSTRUCTIONINDUSTRYTHISPAPERAIMEDTOPROVIDEANOVERVIEWOFWASTEGENERATEDINHIGHRISEBUILDINGSCONSTRUCTIONANDTHESITUATIONOFCONSTRUCTIONWASTEMANAGEMENTINTHAILANDBYINVESTIGATINGTHESTATISTICALINFORMATIONONCONSTRUCTIONWASTEANDWASTEMANAGEMENTOFHIGHRISEBUILDINGPROJECTS,THEANALYSISOFENVIRONMENTALIMPACTSWASCONDUCTEDTOIDENTIFYTHEMOSTPOTENTIALMATERIALSFORMINIMIZINGCONSTRUCTIONWASTE?2017THEAUTHORSPUBLISHEDBYELSEVIERLTDPEERREVIEWUNDERRESPONSIBILITYOFTHEORGANIZINGCOMMITTEEOF2017AEDCEEKEYWORDSKEYWORDSCONSTRUCTIONWASTEMANAGEMENT,CWM,SUSTAINABLEOFENVIRONMENT,HIGHRISEBUILDINGSCONSTRUCTIONCORRESPONDINGAUTHORTEL6660004412,6628894585EMAILADDRESSKRICHKANOKSRMUTRACTH1INTRODUCTIONOVERTHEPASTTENYEARS,THAILANDHASENJOYEDEXCEPTIONALLYRAPIDECONOMICGROWTH,ACHIEVINGAGROSSDOMESTICPRODUCTGDPGROWTHOFUPTO35ANNUALLYHTTP//WWWTRADINGECONOMICSCOM/THAILAND/GDP/FORECAST1ASSEENINFIG1AVAILABLEONLINEATWWWSCIENCEDIRECTCOMSCIENCEDIRECTENERGYPROCEDIA002017000–000WWWELSEVIERCOM/LOCATE/PROCEDIA18766102?2017THEAUTHORSPUBLISHEDBYELSEVIERLTDPEERREVIEWUNDERRESPONSIBILITYOFTHEORGANIZINGCOMMITTEEOF2017AEDCEE2017INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONALTERNATIVEENERGYINDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESANDEMERGINGECONOMIES2017AEDCEE,25‐26MAY2017,BANGKOK,THAILANDWASTEGENERATEDINHIGHRISEBUILDINGSCONSTRUCTIONACURRENTSITUATIONINTHAILANDPOOMBETETHONGKAMSUKA,KRICHKANOKSUDASNAB,ANDTUSANEETONDEEBARATTANAKOSINCOLLEGEFORSUSTAINABLEENERGYANDENVIRONMENT,RMUTR,THAILANDBFACULTYOFARCHITECTUREANDDESIGN,RMUTR,THAILANDABSTRACTTHECONSTRUCTIONINDUSTRYISONEOFTHEKEYECONOMICDEVELOPMENTACTIVITIESINTHAILANDANINCREASINGOFTHECONSTRUCTIONSECTORALSOCONTRIBUTEDTOTHEINCREASINGOFENVIRONMENTALPOLLUTIONITWASESTIMATEDABOUT1330OFALLSOLIDWASTEDEPOSITIONINLANDFILLSWORLDWIDECOMPRISEDCONSTRUCTIONANDDEMOLITIONWASTETHEINTERNATIONALRESEARCHESWERESHOWEDTHATTHECONSTRUCTIONINDUSTRYGENERATEDHIGHVOLUMEORQUANTITIESOFMATERIALWASTEOFTENATTRIBUTEDTOTHELACKOFONSITEMATERIALCONTROLCONSEQUENTLY,REDUCINGCONSTRUCTIONWASTEWASBECOMINGAKEYENVIRONMENTALISSUEINTHEBUILDINGCONSTRUCTIONINDUSTRYTHISPAPERAIMEDTOPROVIDEANOVERVIEWOFWASTEGENERATEDINHIGHRISEBUILDINGSCONSTRUCTIONANDTHESITUATIONOFCONSTRUCTIONWASTEMANAGEMENTINTHAILANDBYINVESTIGATINGTHESTATISTICALINFORMATIONONCONSTRUCTIONWASTEANDWASTEMANAGEMENTOFHIGHRISEBUILDINGPROJECTS,THEANALYSISOFENVIRONMENTALIMPACTSWASCONDUCTEDTOIDENTIFYTHEMOSTPOTENTIALMATERIALSFORMINIMIZINGCONSTRUCTIONWASTE?2017THEAUTHORSPUBLISHEDBYELSEVIERLTDPEERREVIEWUNDERRESPONSIBILITYOFTHEORGANIZINGCOMMITTEEOF2017AEDCEEKEYWORDSKEYWORDSCONSTRUCTIONWASTEMANAGEMENT,CWM,SUSTAINABLEOFENVIRONMENT,HIGHRISEBUILDINGSCONSTRUCTIONCORRESPONDINGAUTHORTEL6660004412,6628894585EMAILADDRESSKRICHKANOKSRMUTRACTH1INTRODUCTIONOVERTHEPASTTENYEARS,THAILANDHASENJOYEDEXCEPTIONALLYRAPIDECONOMICGROWTH,ACHIEVINGAGROSSDOMESTICPRODUCTGDPGROWTHOFUPTO35ANNUALLYHTTP//WWWTRADINGECONOMICSCOM/THAILAND/GDP/FORECAST1ASSEENINFIG1POOMBETETHONGKAMSUKETAL/ENERGYPROCEDIA1382017411–416413FORTHAILAND,NOAGENCYISDIRECTLYRESPONSIBLEFORTHISDATACOLLECTIONFORESTIMATINGCONSTRUCTIONWASTEONLYTHEBUILDINGPERMITDATACOLLECTEDBYTHENATIONALSTATISTICOFFICEIN2014AREAOFBUILDINGCONSTRUCTIONNEWCONSTRUCTIONADDITIONANDALTERATIONBYTYPEOFBUILDINGANDAREAWHOLEKINGDOMISINCLUDEMUNICIPALAREASANDNONMUNICIPALIST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簡介：FULLTERMSIMPROVINGTHETASTE,FLAVOR,APPEARANCE,ANDOTHERDESIRABLEITEMSANDENHANCEMENTOFSTORAGETIME?RESISTANCETOMICROORGANISMSANDPESTS?ENHANCINGANDPROTECTINGTHEYIELD?OPERATINGUNDERSEVERECONDITIONS?ENHANCINGOTHERKEYPROPERTIESTHEEVOLUTIONOFAGRICULTURALDEVELOPMENTCANBEREASONABLYDESCRIBEDINTHREEPHASESCONSISTINGOFSELECTIONOFUSEFULBUTNATURALLYOCCURRINGPLANTS,CROSSBREEDINGOFEXISTINGPLANTS,ANDUSINGSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYTOPRODUCETHEMOSTDESIRABLEPLANTSPHASEIDURINGTHEFIRSTPHASE,THEFARMERSATTEMPTEDTOFINDANDSELECTTHEMOSTEFFICIENTPLANTSANDUSETHEMTHISSELECTIONWASPRIMARILYBASEDONTHEAVAILABILITYOFAPLANTATASPECIFICLOCATIONTHEEVOLUTIONOFTHISPHASEWASDESCRIBEDBYWIECZOREKANDWRIGHT6,INCLUDINGHOWFARMERSATTEMPTEDTOSELECTPLANTSBASEDONANUMBEROFRELEVANTPARAMETERSTHISPHASEKNOWNASSEDENTARYAGRICULTUREDATESBACK9000YEARSFOREXAMPLE,ARCHEOLOGICALSTUDIESBYPIPERNOETAL7FOUNDTHATANCIENTGRAINSANDTOOLSUSEDBYCIVILIZATIONSDATEDBACK8700YEARSTHEIRSTUDIESFOUNDTHATTHEEARLIESTFARMERSCHOSEFOODPLANTSTHATHADDESIRABLECHARACTERISTICSANDEXPANDEDONTHOSEPLANTSNOTETHATASDESCRIBEDBYDAVISETAL8,THENUTRITIONALCONTENTOFTHEVARIOUSCROPSCHANGESNATURALLYPHASEIITHESECONDPHASEEMERGEDWHENTHEAGRICULTURALCOMMUNITYRECOGNIZEDTHELIMITATIONSOFNATURALLYOCCURRINGCROPSALTHOUGHCROSSBREEDINGHADBEENKNOWNFORCENTURIES,SCIENTIFICUNDERSTANDINGOFTHEPROCESSPROVIDEDUNIQUEOPPORTUNITIESFORTHEDEVELOPMENTANDAPPLICATIONOFCROSSBREEDINGTOIMPROVEAGRICULTURALPRODUCTIONTHISPHASESTARTEDWHENMENDEL9,OFTENREFERREDTOASTHEFATHEROFMODERNGENETICS,PROVIDEDTHESCIENTIFICFOUNDATIONFORCROSSBREEDINGIN1866MENDELSTUDIEDPEAPLANTHYBRIDIZATIONANDESTABLISHEDTHELAWOFINHERITANCETHEPRIMARYOBJECTIVEOFCROSSBREEDINGISTOIDENTIFYTWOPLANTS,EACHHAVINGADESIRABLEFEATUREANDCROSSBREEDTHEMTOPRODUCEAPLANTTHATHASBOTHDESIRABLEFEATURESSHULL10–12DESCRIBEDTHEGENETICCHANGESINSPECIFICPLANTSASACONSEQUENCEOFCROSSBREEDINGFOLLOWINGTHESPREADOFMENDEL’SWORK,MANYRESEARCHERSTOOKITUPONTHEMSELVESTOFURTHERRESEARCHTHISAREAWITHTHEOBJECTIVEOFIMPROVINGCROPPRODUCTIONINBOTHQUALITYANDQUANTITYPHASEIIITHETHIRDPHASECONSISTSOFGECROPS,ONEOFTHEKEYPROCESSESWITHINTHEGMO,APROCESSEXTENSIVELYUSEDTODEVELOPCROPSBYEXPANDINGTHEPROCESSESUSEDINTHESECONDPHASEANDGENETICALLYMODIFYINGTHESTRUCTUREOFTHEPLANTTHEPROCESSUSEDBYTHEFDAINREGULATINGGMOISBESTDESCRIBEDINTHEIRSTATEMENT“FOODFROMGEPLANTSMUSTMEETTHESAMEFOODSAFETYREQUIREMENTSASFOODDERIVEDFROMTRADITIONALLYBREDPLANTS”SINCETHE1990S,SCIENTIFICADVANCEMENTHASALLOWEDFORAMORESPECIFICMETHODOFGMO,KNOWNASGENEEDITINGINWHICHTHEDESIREDDNAGENESCANBEMOVEDFROMONEPLANTANDINSERTEDINTOTHEGENOMEOFANOTHER2AAMOGHISSIETALDOWNLOADEDBYUNIVERSITYOFFLORIDAAT034718OCTOBER2017

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簡介：3400英文單詞，英文單詞，17500英文字符，中文英文字符，中文5450字文獻出處文獻出處OKEAE,AIGBAVBOACO,DLAMINISACARBONEMISSIONTRADINGINSOUTHAFRICANCONSTRUCTIONINDUSTRYJENERGYPROCEDIA,2017,14223712376CARBONEMISSIONTRADINGINSOUTHAFRICANCONSTRUCTIONINDUSTRYAYODEJIEOKE,CLINTONOAIGBAVBOA,SAMKELISOADLAMINIABSTRACTTHEQUESTFORREDUCTIONOFGREENHOUSEGASESGHGSTHROUGHTHEUSEOFCARBONTRADINGSYSTEMHASBEENONTHEINCREASEASARESULTOFTHEADOPTIONANDPROMOTIONBYNOTABLEWORLDAGENCIESSUCHASUNITEDNATIONSUN,EUROPEANUNIONEU,AMONGOTHERSTHEMITIGATINGAPPROACHESWEREINTRODUCEDBYTHELATERTOCURBANDMINIMIZEAMOUNTOFGHGSPRODUCEDBYMANUFACTURING,CONSTRUCTIONANDOTHERINDUSTRIALANDHEAVYENGINEERINGBASEDINDUSTRIESINVIEWOFITSCONTINUOUSPOPULARITYANDADOPTIONBYDEVELOPEDCOUNTRIES,THISSTUDYEXAMINESTHECONCEPTOFCARBONTRADINGPRINCIPLESANDSYSTEMSANDTHEIRADOPTIONINTHESOUTHAFRICANCONSTRUCTIONINDUSTRYWITHAVIEWTOENHANCINGSUSTAINABILITYOFCONSTRUCTIONPROJECTSGEAREDTOWARDSACHIEVINGOVERALLSUSTAINABLEGOALSHISTORYOFEMISSIONTRADINGANDTHECONCEPTOFGHGSWEREASSESSEDUSINGPREVIOUSANDRELEVANTLITERATUREMATERIALSTHESTUDYFURTHEREXAMINESTHETWOEMISSIONTRADINGSYSTEMS,THATIS,CAPANDTRADEASWELLASBASELINEANDCREDIT,ANDSUGGESTEDTHEEARLIERFORTHECONSTRUCTIONINDUSTRYBASEDONTHEIRBENEFITSANDFLEXIBILITYVARIOUSWAYSOFENFORCINGTHESYSTEMWEREALSOHIGHLIGHTEDWITHEMPHASISONTHEWILLINGNESSANDREADINESSOFCONSTRUCTIONEXPERTS,PROFESSIONALS,DEVELOPERS,REGULATORSANDOTHERCONCERNEDSTAKEHOLDERSINREDUCINGGREENHOUSEGASESINTHEEXECUTION,USAGEANDREUSEOFCONSTRUCTIONPROJECTSKEYWORDSCARBONTRADINGCTGLOBALCLIMATECHANGEGCCGREENHOUSEGASESGHGSSUSTAINABLECONSTRUCTIONSC1INTRODUCTIONCLIMATESYSTEMISACOMPLEXANDINTERACTIVESYSTEMTHATCONSISTSOFLIVINGTHINGSANDTHENECESSARYRESOURCESTHATARENEEDEDBYTHEMTOSURVIVETHESERESOURCESINCLUDETHEATMOSPHERELITHOSPHEREANDTHEHYDROSPHEREACCORDINGTOTHEAUSTRALIANACADEMYOFSCIENCE1,CLIMATECHANGEISTHEALTERATIONORVARIATIONINTHEPATTERNOFWEATHERANDRELATEDCHANGESINOCEANS,LANDSURFACESANDICESHEETS,OCCURRINGOVERSCALESOFDECADESORLONGERFURTHERMORE,CLIMATECHANGEISALREADYAMEASURABLEREALITYANDSOUTHAFRICATOGETHERWITHOTHERDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESAREVULNERABLETOTHEIMPACTSTHATGLOBALCLIMATECHANGEGCCBRINGSWITHIT2ASCLIMATESCIENCEANDTHEEARTH’SCLIMATEHAVESHOWNSIGNSOFEVOLUTIONOVERTHERECENTDECADES,THEREHASBEENINCREASINGEVIDENCEOFANTHROPOGENICINFLUENCESONCLIMATECHANGETHATHAVEBEENDISCOVERED3INSUMMARYOFTHECONCEPT,GCCOCCURSMAINLYBECAUSEOFTHECOLLECTIONOFGREENHOUSEGASESGHGWHICHINTURNWARMTHESURFACEOFTHEEARTHANDTHEATMOSPHEREABOVEITTHISCONSEQUENTLYHASSIGNIFICANTIMPLICATIONSONTHERAINFALLWERECEIVETHEGLACIERSANDSEAICEWHICHARESAIDTORETREATANDTHESEALEVELSTOMENTIONAFEW4WHENTHEEARTHSURFACEWARMSUP,ITISACONSEQUENCEOFWHATISPOPULARLYTERMEDTHEGHGEFFECTTHISBASICALLYOCCURSWHENHEATISABSORBEDINTHEEARTHFROMHEATPRODUCEDBYTHESUNLIGHTTHISINTURNWARMSTHEEARTHANDMOSTOFTHEREMAININGHEATISRADIATEDBACKTOTHEATMOSPHEREATALONGERWAVELENGTHTHANTHEONESRECEIVEDFROMTHESUNSOMEOFTHESEWAVELENGTHSARETHENABSORBEDBYGHGSTRAPPEDINTHEATMOSPHEREBEFORETHEYESCAPEINTOSPACE,ANDTHEABSORPTIONOFTHESEWAVELENGTHENERGYTENDSTOWARMTHEATMOSPHEREMORETHANNORMALTHESEGHGSACTLIKEAMIRRORANDREFLECTBACKTOTHEEARTH,SOMEOFTHEHEATENERGYWHICHISMENTIONEDTOHAVEBEENINITSFIRSTPHASETHEFIRSTPHASEWASTERMEDTHE“PILOTPHASE”ASTHECARBONMARKETLOOKEDTOESTABLISHPRICESFORITSOPERATIONITTHENFOLLOWSTHATTHEPILOTPHASEWASTOESTABLISHTHENECESSARYINFRASTRUCTUREFORMONITORING,REPORTINGANDVERIFYINGEMISSIONEMISSIONREDUCTIONSWERELARGELYBASEDONESTIMATES,ANDTHISISPRIMARILYDUETOTHEFACTTHATTHEREWERENORELIABLESOURCESOFDATATORECORDEMISSIONSTABLE1ILLUSTRATESTHEDEVELOPMENTSOFTHEEUETSDATINGBACKTOWHENTHEDIRECTIVEWASESTABLISHEDTABLE1BACKGROUNDANDDEVELOPMENTSOFTHESCHEMEYEAREVENT2003ADOPTIONOFTHEEUETSDIRECTIVE2004ADOPTIONOFTHEEULINKINGDIRECTIVEWITHTHEKP2005BEGINNINGOFTHEEUETSPILOTPHASEPHASEI2007BULGARIAANDROMANIAJOINEDTHEEUETS2008BEGINNINGOFPHASEII2008ICELAND,LEICHTENSTENANDNORWAYJOINEDTHEEUETS2009THE2020ENERGYANDCLIMATEPACKAGEWASADOPTEDWITHAREVISEDDIRECTIVEFORTHETHIRDPHASE2013TO20202010EUETSAVIATIONDIRECTIVE2011EUCOMMISSIONRELEASEDCOMMUNICATION“TOWARDSA2050LOWCARBONECONOMYROADMAP”2012INCLUSIONOFTHEINTERNATIONALAVIATIONINTHEETS2013BEGINNINGOFTHETHIRDPHASEPHASEIII2014IMPLEMENTATIONOFMARKETSTABILITYRESERVEANDBACKLOADINGMEASURESINADDITION,THESOLEPURPOSEOFTHEPILOTPHASEWASTOENSURETHATTHEEUETSFUNCTIONEDEFFECTIVELYAHEADOF2008THISWASTOASCERTAINTHEALLOWANCEOFEUMEMBERSTATESTOMEETTHEIRRESPECTIVECOMMITMENTSUNDERTHEKPTHELINKINGDIRECTIVEALLOWEDBUSINESSESTOUSECERTAINEMISSIONSREDUCTIONUNITSERUGENERATEDUNDERTHEKP,CLEANDEVELOPMENTMECHANISMCDMANDJOINTIMPLEMENTATIONJITHISWASDONESOTHATTHESEBUSINESSESWOULDMEETTHEIREUETSOBLIGATIONTHEMAINGASESCOVEREDBYGREENHOUSEGASESANDSECTORSARECARBONDIOXIDECO2FROMPOWERANDHEATGENERATIONENERGYINTENSIVEINDUSTRYSECTORSINCLUDINGOILREFINERIES,STEELWORKSANDPRODUCTIONOFIRON,ALUMINIUM,METALS,CEMENT,LIME,GLASS,CERAMICS,PULP,PAPER,CARDBOARD,ACIDSANDBULKORGANICCHEMICALSANDCIVILAVIATIONNITROUSOXIDEN2OFROMPRODUCTIONOFNITRIC,ADIPIC,GLYOXALANDGLYOXLICACIDSPERFLUOROCARBONSPFCSFROMALUMINIUMPRODUCTION4DEVELOPMENTOFEMISSIONTRADINGSYSTEMSSINCETHEYEAR2005,THEEUETSHASBEENLABELLEDASEUROPE’SMANDATORYMEASURETORE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簡介：SCIENCEDIRECTAVAILABLEONLINEATWWWSCIENCEDIRECTCOMAVAILABLEONLINEATWWWSCIENCEDIRECTCOMSCIENCEDIRECTENERGYPROCEDIA002017000–000WWWELSEVIERCOM/LOCATE/PROCEDIA18766102?2017THEAUTHORSPUBLISHEDBYELSEVIERLTDPEERREVIEWUNDERRESPONSIBILITYOFTHESCIENTIFICCOMMITTEEOFTHE15THINTERNATIONALSYMPOSIUMONDISTRICTHEATINGANDCOOLINGENERGYPROCEDIA14220172371–237618766102?2017THEAUTHORSPUBLISHEDBYELSEVIERLTDPEERREVIEWUNDERRESPONSIBILITYOFTHESCIENTIFICCOMMITTEEOFTHE9THINTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONAPPLIEDENERGY101016/JEGYPRO201712169?2017THEAUTHORSPUBLISHEDBYELSEVIERLTDPEERREVIEWUNDERRESPONSIBILITYOFTHESCIENTIFICCOMMITTEEOFTHE9THINTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONAPPLIEDENERGYAVAILABLEONLINEATWWWSCIENCEDIRECTCOMSCIENCEDIRECTENERGYPROCEDIA002017000–000WWWELSEVIERCOM/LOCATE/PROCEDIA18766102?2017THEAUTHORSPUBLISHEDBYELSEVIERLTDPEERREVIEWUNDERRESPONSIBILITYOFTHESCIENTIFICCOMMITTEEOFTHE9THINTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONAPPLIEDENERGY9THINTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONAPPLIEDENERGY,ICAE2017,2124AUGUST2017,CARDIFF,UKCARBONEMISSIONTRADINGINSOUTHAFRICANCONSTRUCTIONINDUSTRYAYODEJIEOKEA,CLINTONOAIGBAVBOAA,SAMKELISOADLAMINIAADEPARTMENTOFCONSTRUCTIONMANAGEMENTANDQUANTITYSURVEYING,UNIVERSITYOFJOHANNESBURG2028,SOUTHAFRICAABSTRACTTHEQUESTFORREDUCTIONOFGREENHOUSEGASESGHGSTHROUGHTHEUSEOFCARBONTRADINGSYSTEMHASBEENONTHEINCREASEASARESULTOFTHEADOPTIONANDPROMOTIONBYNOTABLEWORLDAGENCIESSUCHASUNITEDNATIONSUN,EUROPEANUNIONEU,AMONGOTHERSTHEMITIGATINGAPPROACHESWEREINTRODUCEDBYTHELATERTOCURBANDMINIMIZEAMOUNTOFGHGSPRODUCEDBYMANUFACTURING,CONSTRUCTIONANDOTHERINDUSTRIALANDHEAVYENGINEERINGBASEDINDUSTRIESINVIEWOFITSCONTINUOUSPOPULARITYANDADOPTIONBYDEVELOPEDCOUNTRIES,THISSTUDYEXAMINESTHECONCEPTOFCARBONTRADINGPRINCIPLESANDSYSTEMSANDTHEIRADOPTIONINTHESOUTHAFRICANCONSTRUCTIONINDUSTRYWITHAVIEWTOENHANCINGSUSTAINABILITYOFCONSTRUCTIONPROJECTSGEAREDTOWARDSACHIEVINGOVERALLSUSTAINABLEGOALSHISTORYOFEMISSIONTRADINGANDTHECONCEPTOFGHGSWEREASSESSEDUSINGPREVIOUSANDRELEVANTLITERATUREMATERIALSTHESTUDYFURTHEREXAMINESTHETWOEMISSIONTRADINGSYSTEMS,THATIS,CAPANDTRADEASWELLASBASELINEANDCREDIT,ANDSUGGESTEDTHEEARLIERFORTHECONSTRUCTIONINDUSTRYBASEDONTHEIRBENEFITSANDFLEXIBILITYVARIOUSWAYSOFENFORCINGTHESYSTEMWEREALSOHIGHLIGHTEDWITHEMPHASISONTHEWILLINGNESSANDREADINESSOFCONSTRUCTIONEXPERTS,PROFESSIONALS,DEVELOPERS,REGULATORSANDOTHERCONCERNEDSTAKEHOLDERSINREDUCINGGREENHOUSEGASESINTHEEXECUTION,USAGEANDREUSEOFCONSTRUCTIONPROJECTS?2017THEAUTHORSPUBLISHEDBYELSEVIERLTDPEERREVIEWUNDERRESPONSIBILITYOFTHESCIENTIFICCOMMITTEEOFTHE9THINTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONAPPLIEDENERGYKEYWORDSCARBONTRADINGCTGLOBALCLIMATECHANGEGCCGREENHOUSEGASESGHGSSUSTAINABLECONSTRUCTIONSC1INTRODUCTIONCLIMATESYSTEMISACOMPLEXANDINTERACTIVESYSTEMTHATCONSISTSOFLIVINGTHINGSANDTHENECESSARYRESOURCESTHATARENEEDEDBYTHEMTOSURVIVETHESERESOURCESINCLUDETHEATMOSPHERELITHOSPHEREANDTHEHYDROSPHEREACCORDINGTOTHEAUSTRALIANACADEMYOFSCIENCE1,CLIMATECHANGEISTHEALTERATIONORVARIATIONINTHEPATTERNOFWEATHERANDRELATEDCHANGESINOCEANS,LANDSURFACESANDICESHEETS,OCCURRINGOVERSCALESOFDECADESORLONGERFURTHERMORE,CORRESPONDINGAUTHORTEL27849155117EMAILADDRESSEMAYOKGMAILCOMAVAILABLEONLINEATWWWSCIENCEDIRECTCOMSCIENCEDIRECTENERGYPROCEDIA002017000–000WWWELSEVIERCOM/LOCATE/PROCEDIA18766102?2017THEAUTHORSPUBLISHEDBYELSEVIERLTDPEERREVIEWUNDERRESPONSIBILITYOFTHESCIENTIFICCOMMITTEEOFTHE9THINTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONAPPLIEDENERGY9THINTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONAPPLIEDENERGY,ICAE2017,2124AUGUST2017,CARDIFF,UKCARBONEMISSIONTRADINGINSOUTHAFRICANCONSTRUCTIONINDUSTRYAYODEJIEOKEA,CLINTONOAIGBAVBOAA,SAMKELISOADLAMINIAADEPARTMENTOFCONSTRUCTIONMANAGEMENTANDQUANTITYSURVEYING,UNIVERSITYOFJOHANNESBURG2028,SOUTHAFRICAABSTRACTTHEQUESTFORREDUCTIONOFGREENHOUSEGASESGHGSTHROUGHTHEUSEOFCARBONTRADINGSYSTEMHASBEENONTHEINCREASEASARESULTOFTHEADOPTIONANDPROMOTIONBYNOTABLEWORLDAGENCIESSUCHASUNITEDNATIONSUN,EUROPEANUNIONEU,AMONGOTHERSTHEMITIGATINGAPPROACHESWEREINTRODUCEDBYTHELATERTOCURBANDMINIMIZEAMOUNTOFGHGSPRODUCEDBYMANUFACTURING,CONSTRUCTIONANDOTHERINDUSTRIALANDHEAVYENGINEERINGBASEDINDUSTRIESINVIEWOFITSCONTINUOUSPOPULARITYANDADOPTIONBYDEVELOPEDCOUNTRIES,THISSTUDYEXAMINESTHECONCEPTOFCARBONTRADINGPRINCIPLESANDSYSTEMSANDTHEIRADOPTIONINTHESOUTHAFRICANCONSTRUCTIONINDUSTRYWITHAVIEWTOENHANCINGSUSTAINABILITYOFCONSTRUCTIONPROJECTSGEAREDTOWARDSACHIEVINGOVERALLSUSTAINABLEGOALSHISTORYOFEMISSIONTRADINGANDTHECONCEPTOFGHGSWEREASSESSEDUSINGPREVIOUSANDRELEVANTLITERATUREMATERIALSTHESTUDYFURTHEREXAMINESTHETWOEMISSIONTRADINGSYSTEMS,THATIS,CAPANDTRADEASWELLASBASELINEANDCREDIT,ANDSUGGESTEDTHEEARLIERFORTHECONSTRUCTIONINDUSTRYBASEDONTHEIRBENEFITSANDFLEXIBILITYVARIOUSWAYSOFENFORCINGTHESYSTEMWEREALSOHIGHLIGHTEDWITHEMPHASISONTHEWILLINGNESSANDREADINESSOFCONSTRUCTIONEXPERTS,PROFESSIONALS,DEVELOPERS,REGULATORSANDOTHERCONCERNEDSTAKEHOLDERSINREDUCINGGREENHOUSEGASESINTHEEXECUTION,USAGEANDREUSEOFCONSTRUCTIONPROJECTS?2017THEAUTHORSPUBLISHEDBYELSEVIERLTDPEERREVIEWUNDERRESPONSIBILITYOFTHESCIENTIFICCOMMITTEEOFTHE9THINTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONAPPLIEDENERGYKEYWORDSCARBONTRADINGCTGLOBALCLIMATECHANGEGCCGREENHOUSEGASESGHGSSUSTAINABLECONSTRUCTIONSC1INTRODUCTIONCLIMATESYSTEMISACOMPLEXA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簡介：字數(shù)英文字數(shù)英文23992399單詞，單詞，1430514305字符；中文字符；中文44014401漢字漢字出處出處CRCRMAESTREMAESTRE，F(xiàn)JMFJMLIZLIZáNINTELLIGENTNINTELLIGENTBUILDINGSBUILDINGSCONSIDERATIONSCONSIDERATIONSFORFORITSITSDESIGNDESIGNUSINGUSINGMULTIAGENTMULTIAGENTSYSTEMSJINTERNATIONALSYSTEMSJINTERNATIONALJOURNALJOURNALOFOFENGINEERINGENGINEERINGRESEARCHRESEARCHTECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGYIJERT2017,6043841IJERT2017,6043841外文文獻外文文獻FACTORSINFLUENCINGTHEIMPLEMENTATIONOFASAFETYMANAGEMENTSYSTEMFORCONSTRUCTIONSITESABSTRACTINTHEDESIGNPHASEOFINTELLIGENTBUILDINGS,ITISESSENTIALTOMANAGEMANYSERVICESANDFACILITIES,TODOTHIS,MULTIAGENTSYSTEMSAREAGOODTOOLTOMANAGETHEMTHISARTICLEADDRESSESFUNDAMENTALASPECTSOFMULTIAGENTSYSTEMS,ORIENTEDTOTHEIRINTEGRATIONINTOTHEDESIGNANDCONSTRUCTIONOFINTELLIGENTBUILDINGSSENSORS,CONTROLANDACTUATORSMUSTBEINTEGRATEDINTHEINITIALSTAGESOFTHECONSTRUCTIONDESIGNTOHARMONIZETHEDIFFERENTFUNCTIONALITIESTHATAREREQUIREDOFANINTELLIGENTBUILDINGINTHEARTICLE,ONCETHECONCEPTOFINTELLIGENTBUILDINGWASESTABLISHED,THECOMPLEXITYOFITSARCHITECTURALDESIGN,MAKESITCONVENIENTTOHAVEASTRUCTUREOFPROCEDURESTHATSERVESASAGUIDEFORITSINTEGRATEDDESIGN,THISHASBEENTHECENTRALOBJECTIVEOFTHEARTICLE,MULTIAGENTSYSTEMSAREINSTRUMENTOFDESIGNANDIMPLEMENTATIONTHATALLOWTOCOMPOSETHEDIFFERENTSUBSYSTEMSOFCONTROLTHATCHARACTERIZETHEINTELLIGENTBUILDINGSTHEARTICLEPROVIDESAREVIEWOFDIFFERENTAPPROACHESTOMULTIAGENTSYSTEMSAPPLIEDTOBUILDINGCONSTRUCTION,THEBASICELEMENTSOFMULTIAGENTSYSTEMSANDTHESETOFTHEIRSYSTEMSTOBECONSIDEREDINTHEEARLYSTAGESOFDESIGNINGANINTELLIGENTBUILDINGKEYWORDS–ARCHITECTURE,INTELLIGENTBUILDING,MULTIAGENTSYSTEMSLAYOUTOFTHESPACE,INCLUDESGROUPSOFELEMENTSOFARCHITECTURALDESIGN,PARKINGANDTRANSPORTATION,INTERIORARCHITECTURALDESIGNFLEXIBILITYCOMFORT,ITCONSISTSOFSEVERALGROUPSOFELEMENTSOFARCHITECTURALDESIGN,LIFTSSYSTEMS,WASHBASINSANDPROVISIONSOFAPPLIANCES,THERMALCOMFORT,VENTILATIONANDAIRCONDITIONING,LIGHTING,ACCESS,ACOUSTICS,COLOR,ENTERTAINMENTFACILITIES,ETCEFFICIENCYOFWORKOWNOFFICEBUILDINGSANDSERVICES,INCLUDESSEVERALGROUPSOFARCHITECTURALDESIGNELEMENTS,LIFTSANDSTAIRS,APPLIANCESANDRESTROOMS,THERMALCOMFORT,LIGHTING,HIGHTECHNOLOGY,SIGNAGEANDDIRECTORY,PARKINGANDTRANSPORTATION,INSTALLATIONSFORBUILDINGS,ETCCULTURALELEMENTSITISCONSIDEREDASTHE“SOFT“SIDEOFANINTELLIGENTBUILDINGTHEYINCLUDEENTERTAINMENTFACILITIES,PRIVACYREQUIREMENTS,COLORS,INTERIORDECORATING,FOODANDBEVERAGECONTROL,EXTERIORLANDSCAPEANDVIEW,INTERIORPLANTS,RELIGIOUSFACILITATION,CULTUREBASEDINTERIORDESIGN,PROMOTIONACTIVITY,ETCHIGHTECHNOLOGYIMAGEITHASBEENINTERPRETEDFORMANYYEARSASTHEONLYPROVISIONAND/ORCRITERIONOFANINTELLIGENTBUILDINGTHEGROUPSOFELEMENTSAREBROADBANDINTERNET,ELECTRICALSERVICES,OFFICEAUTOMATION,ELECTRONICINSTALLATIONS,INTELLIGENTARTIFICIALCONTROL,WEBPAGE,DIRECTLINES,TELEPHONEARRANGEMENTS,FIBEROPTICNETWORK,BUILDINGSERVICESAUTOMATION,MOBILEPHONECOVERAGE,INSTALLATIONSADVANCEDPARKING,ETCSECURITYANDSTRUCTUREITCONSISTSOFSEVERALIMPORTANTPARAMETERELEMENTSINASMARTBUILDINGELEMENTSINCLUDEEARTHQUAKEMONITORING,STRUCTURALMONITORING,TERRORISTATTACKPRECAUTIONPLAN,FIREPROTECTION,ELECTRICALSAFETY,LIFTRELIABILITY,PUBLICNOTICES,ESCAPEPLAN,ESSENTIALELECTRICALPOWER,PREVENTIVEMAINTENANCEOFBUILDINGSYSTEMS,INDOORAIRQUALITY,SECURITYMANAGEMENTSYSTEM,RISKMANAGEMENT,SAFETYANDCROWDCONTROL,ETCBUILDINGMANAGEMENTINCLUDINGOPERATIONANDMAINTENANCEOFCONSTRUCTION

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簡介：1950英文單詞，英文單詞，11500英文字符，中文英文字符，中文3280字文獻出處文獻出處SHINDINATAORGANIZATIONOFINTERACTIONBETWEENTHEPARTICIPANTSINMODERNCONSTRUCTIONJPROCEDIAENGINEERING,2016,15021132118ORGANIZATIONOFINTERACTIONBETWEENTHEPARTICIPANTSINMODERNCONSTRUCTIONTASHINDINAABSTRACTTHECONSTRUCTIONINDUSTRYISONEOFTHEMOSTIMPORTANTECONOMICSECTORSOFANYCOUNTRYITSSTATELARGELYDETERMINESTHELEVELOFSOCIETYDEVELOPMENTANDITSPRODUCTIONLEVELSTHECONSTRUCTIONINDUSTRYHASTOPROVIDEFORTHERENEWALOFTHEPRODUCTIONSASSETS,DEVELOPMENTANDIMPROVEMENTOFTHESOCIALSPHERE,RECONSTRUCTION,MODERNIZATION,TECHNICALREEQUIPMENTOFMATERIALGOODSPRODUCTIONINCOURSEWITHMODERNTECHNOLOGYDEVELOPMENTTHEACTIVITYORGANIZATIONOFTHEMODERNCONSTRUCTIONCOMPLEXISCONNECTEDWITHPROJECTIMPLEMENTATIONANDTHELIFECYCLEOFAPROJECTTHUSTHEDISTINGUISHINGFEATUREOFTHECONSTRUCTIONCOMPLEXISALARGENUMBEROFPARTICIPANTS,WHOPERFORMSPECIFICFUNCTIONSTHESTABILITYOFCONSTRUCTIONINDUSTRYISBASEDONSYSTEMATICREPETITIONOFACTIVITIESINTRANSITFROMOBJECTTOOBJECTTHECONSTRUCTIONCOMPLEXCONSISTSOFTHREEHORIZONTALLEVELSINSTITUTIONAL,COMMERCIALANDPROJECT,FOURORGANIZATIONALSTAGESCONCEPTUAL,PROJECT,CONSTRUCTION,FINAL,WHICHINCLUDEELEVENPROJECTIMPLEMENTATIONCENTERSOFCONTRACTUALRELATIONSHIPSKEYWORDSCONSTRUCTIONCOMPLEXORGANIZATIONOFRELATIONSHIPSLIFECYCLEOFACONSTRUCTIONPROJECTTHECONSTRUCTIONCOMPLEXISCHARACTERIZEDBYALARGEVARIETYOFPROJECTSUNDERCONSTRUCTIONTHEYINCLUDEINDUSTRIAL,HOUSINGANDCIVIL,SOCIAL,TRANSPORT,AGRICULTURALANDOTHERBUILDINGSANDSTRUCTURESCONSTRUCTIONHASALWAYSBEENCONSIDEREDTOBEASPECIALSECTOROFTHEECONOMYCONSTRUCTIONSITESRETAINTHEIRUNIQUEFEATURES,EVENWHENTHEYAREBUILTACCORDINGTOASTANDARDPROJECTUSINGPREFABRICATEDSTRUCTURESEVENIFCONSTRUCTIONSTRUCTURESREMAINUNCHANGED,ONEOBJECTDIFFERSFROMANOTHERINLOCATION,SOILNATUREANDOTHERFACTORSCONSTRUCTIONISDIFFERENTFROMOTHERINDUSTRIALSECTORSOFTHEECONOMYOFACOUNTRYANDITISCONNECTEDWITHDIFFERENCEINITSPRODUCTSTHEYAREPROPERTY,AVARIETYOFARCHITECTURALANDSTRUCTURALPLANS,ANDTERRITORIALFRAGMENTATIONOFCONSTRUCTIONPRODUCTS1,10,11,15CONSTRUCTIONFUNCTIONINGISGREATLYINFLUENCEDBYTHEFOLLOWINGSPECIFICTHINGSLONGDURATIONOFAPRODUCTIONCYCLE,CLIMATEINFLUENCE,ANUNSTEADYCOMPOSITIONANDQUALITYOFCONSUMEDRESOURCES,HIGHNONRHYTHMICALITY,MOBILITY,DIVERSITYOFTECHNOLOGICALSOLUTIONSOFBUILDINGANDSTRUCTURESCONSTRUCTION2,ANDALSODIFFICULTYINCOORDINATINGTHEACTIVITIESOFALLPARTICIPANTSOFCONSTRUCTION,HIGHEXPOSURETORANDOMFACTORSANIMPORTANTPARTOFTHECONSTRUCTIONINDUSTRYISHOUSINGCONSTRUCTIONPEOPLEAREBUYINGHOUSESTHEYCONSIDERTHEMTOBEASTABILIZINGFACTORINLIFE,ORINVESTMENTINSOMETHINGTHATISNOTAFFECTEDBYINFLATION3CONSTRUCTIONWORKISUSUALLYPERFORMEDFARAWAYFROMADMINISTRATIVEOFFICESANDFIRMHEADQUARTERSCONSTRUCTIONWORKSPERFORMSOCIALANDCOMMERCIALFUNCTIONS,BUTTHEYCANNOTBETREATEDTHESAMEWAYTHATVEHICLESANDOTHERCONSUMERPRODUCTSAREUNLIKEFACTORYPRODUCTION,THETEAMWHICHISRESPONSIBLEFORAPROJECT,ITISALWAYSANEWSTRUCTURETHATLEADSTOCERTAINORGANIZATIONALFEATURESANDCREATESCOMMUNICATIONTASKSTHATARECHARACTERISTICSTHECONSTRUCTIONSECTOROFACOUNTRYGUARANTEESTHEPRESENCEOFGOVERNMENTCONTROL3SPHERESPACE,WHICHISLOCATEDWITHINTHELIMITSOFSOMETHINGSPHEREOFPHYSICALANDSPIRITUALLIFE,ACTIVITY,SOCIALENVIRONMENT,ENVIRONMENT,ATMOSPHEREACIRCLEOFPEOPLEUNITEDBYACOMMONSOCIALSTATUSANDOCCUPATIONCONSTRUCTIONSPHEREAFFECTSPROBLEMSOFCONSTRUCTIONINDUSTRYORGANIZATIONANDCREATINGCONDITIONSFORITSFUNCTIONINGONTHEBASISOFINVESTMENT,SOCIALANDFUNCTIONALADJUSTMENT4INDUSTRYASEPARATEAREAOFTHEECONOMICACTIVITY,OFSCIENCEORPRODUCTIONINDUSTRYASETOFENTERPRISESANDORGANIZATIONSDETERMINEDBYLABOURDIVISIONINSOCIETY,BYSPECIFICFUNDSANDPRODUCTS“THEREISABRANCHOFMATERIALPRODUCTIONMANUFACTURE,CONSTRUCTION,AGRICULTURE,TRANSPORT,COMMERCE,ETCANDTHESECTOROFANONMATERIALSPHERESCIENCE,EDUCATION,CULTURE,HEALTH,HOUSINGANDPUBLICSERVICES“2THECONSTRUCTIONINDUSTRYINCLUDESSTRUCTURESTHATAREDIRECTLYINVOLVEDINCONSTRUCTIONPROCESSESTHUS,THECONCEPTUALCONTENTOFTHECONSTRUCTIONCOMPLEXCORRESPONDSTOTHESYSTEMOFEXISTINGLEVELSOFTHECOMPLEXTHEORY,METHODOLOGYANDDISCUSSIONOFTHERESEARCHOUTCOMESTHEREARE5GROUPSOFENTERPRISESWITHINTHECONSTRUCTIONCOMPLEXONGOINGCONSTRUCTIONORGANIZATIONSANDENTERPRISESOFTHECONSTRUCTIONINDUSTRYENTERPRISESWHICHSUPPLYTHECONSTRUCTIONINDUSTRYWITHOBJECTSOFLABORENTERPRISESOFMACHINERYMANUFACTURING,METALANDWOODINDUSTRY,ETCENTERPRISESWHICHSUPPLYWITHMEANSOFLABOURCONSTRUCTIONANDROADMACHINERY,PRODUCTIONOFEQUIPMENTFORENTERPRISESOFTHECONSTRUCTIONINDUSTRYETCINFRASTRUCTURECONSTRUCTIONENTERPRISESONMACHINERYREPAIR,ORGANIZATIONOFLOGISTICSSPECIALIZEDTRANSPORTATIONCOMPANIESRESEARCHANDPROJECTCONSTRUCTIONORGANIZATIONSSTAFFTRAININGINSTITUTIONS,ETCORGANIZATIONSRESPONSIBLEFORTHECONSTRUCTIONMANAGEMENTMINISTRIES,DEPARTMENTS,ETCIFWECONSIDERTHESTATEMANAGEMENTSYSTEMOFAMARKETCONSTRUCTIONCOMPLEX,THESYSTEMOFCONTROLISREPRESENTEDASASINGLEWHOLE,WHERETHESUBJECTOFMANAGEMENTISTHEGOVERNMENTANDTHEOBJECTOFMANAGEMENTISTHECONSTRUCTIONCOMPLEXTHEINTERACTIONBETWEENSUBJECTANDOBJECTINSUCHSYSTEMOCCURSIMPLICITLYSOTHESTATEONTHEBASISOFLEGISLATIVECHANGESANDBUDGETPROJECTSISBUILDINGASYSTEMOFINFLUENCEONTHEACTIVITIESOFTHECONSTRUCTIONCOMPLEX,IMPLEMENTINGTHESTATEPOLICYTHECONSTRUCTIONCOMPLEXRESPONDSTOGOVERNMENTINFLUENCEEITHERACCEPTINGRULESOFAGAMEORFINDINGWAYSTOAVOIDFOLLOWINGESTABLISHEDRULESONCETHEOBJECTOFMANAGEMENTFINDSWAYSTOCONFRONTTHESUBJECTOFMANAGEMENT,THESTATEISFORCEDTODEVELOPNEWMECHANISMSANDLEVERSFORTHECOMPLEXINADDITIONTOTHEEXISTENCEOFTHEVERTICALCONNECTIONINCONSTRUCTIONTHEHORIZONTALCONNECTIONISOFGREATIMPORTANCETHEIMPORTANCEOFTHEHORIZONTALCONNECTIONISDETERMINEDBYTHEPARTICIPATIONOFALARGENUMBEROFCOMPANIESINIMPLEMENTATIONOFINVESTMENTANDCONSTRUCTIONPROJECTS,WHICHPERFORMVARIOUSFUNCTIONALTASKSREQUIREDFORTHEEFFECTIVEIMPLEMENTATIONOFTHEPROJECTTHEORYANDPRACTICEOFINVESTMENTANDCONSTRUCTIONPROJECTSORGANIZATIONHAVEDEVELOPEDDIFFERENTSYSTEMSOFDIVISIONOFFUNCTIONALRESPONSIBILITIESBETWEENPROJECTPARTICIPANTS,BUTANYWAYTHEREISNOHORIZONTALCONNECTIONASEQUENCEOFMANAGEMENTOBJECTSINTHECONSTRUCTIONCOMPLEXWHICHISEXPRESSEDINTHE

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