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簡介：LEADERPERSONALITYTRAITSEMPLOYEEVOICEBEHAVIMEDIATINGROLESOFETHICALLEADERSHIPWKGROUPPSYCHOLOGICALSAFETYFREDOWALUMBWAJOHNSCHAUBROECKMICHIGANSTATEUNIVERSITYARIZONASTATEUNIVERSITYTHEANTECEDENTSCONSEQUENCESOFETHICALLEADERSHIPWEREEXAMINEDINASTUDYOF894EMPLOYEESTHEIR222IMMEDIATESUPERVISSINAMAJFINANCIALINSTITUTIONINTHEUNITEDSTATESTHELEADERPERSONALITYTRAITSOFAGREEABLENESSCONSCIENTIOUSNESSWEREPOSITIVELYRELATEDTODIRECTREPTS’RATINGSOFTHELEADER’SETHICALLEADERSHIPWHEREASNEUROTICISMWASUNRELATEDTOTHESERATINGSETHICALLEADERSHIPINFLUENCEDFOLLOWERS’VOICEBEHAVIASRATEDBYFOLLOWERS’IMMEDIATESUPERVISSTHISRELATIONSHIPWASPARTIALLYMEDIATEDBYFOLLOWERS’PERCEPTIONSOFPSYCHOLOGICALSAFETYIMPLICATIONSFRESEARCHONETHICALLEADERSHIPMEANSTOENHANCEETHICALBEHAVIAMONGLEADERSNONLEADERSAREDISCUSSEDKEYWDSETHICALLEADERSHIPLEADERSHIPPERSONALITYPSYCHOLOGICALSAFETYVOICEINBOTHTHEMASSMEDIATHEACADEMICCOMMUNITYTHEREHASBEENBROWNETAL2005FEXAMPLERESEARCHERSKNOWVERYLITTLEABOUTWHYSOMELEADERSENGAGEINTHESPECTRUMOFETHICALLEADERSHIPBEHAVISOTHERSDONOTONEKEYQUESTIONISWHETHERTHELIKELIHOODOFANINDIVIDUALBEINGPERCEIVEDASANETHICALLEADERAMONGSUBDINATESCANBEPREDICTEDUSINGHISHERPERSONALACTERISTICSIDENTIFYINGTRAITANTECEDENTSWILLAIDINTHEDEVELOPMENTOFSTRATEGIESFINGDEVELOPINGETHICALLEADERSDETERMININGTHEBESTMEANSTOREINFCEETHICALBEHAVISONLYAFEWSTUDIESHAVEADDRESSEDTHECONSEQUENCESOFETHICALLEADERSHIPBEHAVIBROWNETAL2005DETERTTREVINOBURRISMAYERETAL2009WHEREASSOMERELIABLEEVIDENCEFROMRECENTSTUDIESSUPPTSTHEIDEATHATETHICALLEADERSHIPHASARANGEOFFAVABLEOUTCOMESEGBROWNETAL2005MAYERETAL2009DETERTETAL2007FOUNDNORELATIONSHIPBETWEENETHICALLEADERSHIPFOODSHRINKAGEANINDEXOFCOUNTERPRODUCTIVEBEHAVIAMONGRESTAURANTEMPLOYEESSOMEPSYCHOLOGICALMECHANISMSTHATMAYEXPLAINTHEMEFAVABLEEFFECTSOFETHICALLEADERSHIPHAVEBEENDISCUSSEDSEEBROWN

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簡介：成功心理學成功心理學學習感受什么成功呢，人人都追求成功，可是有時候，成功好像近在咫尺，有時候成功又似乎遙不可及，如何獲得成功是每個人都關心的問題。12級機械級機械6班馮美福（班馮美福（120202010610）2014510對方的真正需要；微笑待人，傳遞友愛；記住別人的名字是最甜美、最有效的恭維；學會傾聽，做一個善于傾聽的人談論對方感興趣的話題；讓對方獲得自重感。當然，我們并不是一味的遵從他人的意思，當我們要贏得他人的贊同時，首先要避免爭論，再激烈、再理由充足的爭論都是不能是對方完全信服，只能讓對方更加反感，其次，要尊重別人的意見，千萬不要指責別人的錯誤，同時，如果你錯了要迅速坦誠的承認，接著，要用友善的方法開始贏得別人的心，使對方一開始就說“是，是”，在交談過程中要讓對方多多說話，聽取對方的意見，使對方覺得那是他的主意，要從對方的觀點來看待事情，同情別人的想法和愿望，激發(fā)對方高尚的動機，戲劇化的表達你的想法，向對方提出一項有意義的挑戰(zhàn)。要更好的說服他人，就要從稱贊及真誠的欣賞著手，委婉得提出對方的錯誤，在批評對方之前，先談論自己的錯誤，使對方保住面子，不要命令他人，要“誠于嘉許，寬于稱道”，多用鼓勵，使別人的錯誤更容易改正，使對方所做的事更容易做，使對方樂于做你所建議的事。人與人之間有交往才談得到關系，人們在社會活動中運用語言符號系統(tǒng)或非語言符號系統(tǒng)之間交流信息，溝通情感的過程就是人際交往。人作為社會的生物，必然要與他人產生各種各樣的關系。個體是不可能在完全孤立的狀態(tài)下生活的。當然，交往的過程是復雜的。交往是雙方相互認知的一個過程，每個人對自己的交往對象都會產生某種態(tài)度，這種態(tài)度就是在交往的過程中產生的。首因效應，也就是第一印象。人們在交往過程中的第一印象往往會產生較大影響。光環(huán)效應，最明顯的表現(xiàn)之一就是以貌取人。在交往過程中，對方的某個特征形成某種印象后，往往會據(jù)此推測其他方面有類似特征。此外，在與人交往的過程中我們往往會對一類人產生一種比較固定的看法，并對應到某個具體的人身上。比如說，在中國說起南方人我們首先會想到精明溫柔，北方人則是豪爽大氣。說起德國人，我們往往想到嚴謹求實，而法國人則是時尚浪漫。交往活動對于人類的生存和發(fā)展是十分重要的。人類最初，是母嬰交往，隨后是與各個家庭成員的交往，爾后是與同齡伙伴之間的交往，與老師同學的交往，慢慢發(fā)展到與各類社會成員之間的交往，心理活動日益成熟，交往范圍日益完善。科學家對于“狼孩”、“豬孩”的研究充分表明，社會交往對于個體

簡介：外文文獻外文文獻ONEMETIMEHOWDOYOUMOTIVATEEMPLOYEESHOWMANYARTICLESBOOKSSPEECHESWKSHOPSHAVEPLEADEDPLAINTIVELY”HOWDOIGETANEMPLOYEETODOWHATIWANT”THEPSYCHOLOGYOFMOTIVATIONISTREMENDOUSLYCOMPLEXWHATHASBEENUNRAVELEDWITHANYDEGREEOFASSURANCEISSMALLINDEEDBUTTHEDISMALRATIOOFKNOWLEDGETOSPECULATIONHASNOTDAMPENEDTHEENTHUSIASMFNEWFMSOFSNAKEOILTHATARECONSTANTLYCOMINGONTHEMARKETMANYOFTHEMWITHACADEMICTESTIMONIALSDOUBTLESSTHISARTICLEWILLHAVENODEPRESSINGIMPACTONTHEMARKETFSNAKEOILBUTSINCETHEIDEASEXPRESSEDINITHAVEBEENTESTEDINMANYCPATIONSOTHERGANIZATIONSITWILLHELPIHOPETOREDRESSTHEIMBALANCEINTHEAFEMENTIONEDRATIOWHATISTHESIMPLESTSURESTMOSTDIRECTWAYOFGETTINGSOMEONETODOSOMETHINGASKBUTIFTHEPERSONRESPONDSTHATHESHEDOESNOTWANTTODOITTHENTHATCALLSFPSYCHOLOGICALCONSULTATIONTODETERMINETHEREASONFSUCHOBSTINACYTELLTHEPERSONTHERESPONSESHOWSTHATHESHEDOESNOTUNDERSTYOUNOWANEXPERTINCOMMUNICATIONMETHODSHASTOBEBROUGHTINTOSHOWYOUHOWTOGETTHROUGHGIVETHEPERSONAMOARYINCENTIVEIDONOTNEEDTOREMINDTHEREADEROFTHECOMPLEXITYDIFFICULTYINVOLVEDINSETTINGUPADMINISTERINGANINCENTIVESYSTEMSHOWTHEPERSONTHISMEANSACOSTLYTRAININGPROGRAMWENEEDASIMPLEWAYEVERYAUDIENCECONTAINSTHE“DIRECTACTION”MANAGERWHOSHOUTS”KICKTHEPERSON”THISTYPEOFMANAGERISRIGHTTHESURESTLEASTCIRCUMLOCUTEDWAYOFGETTINGSOMEONETODOSOMETHINGISTOADMINISTERAKICKINTHEPANTSTOGIVEWHATMIGHTBECALLEDTHEKITATHEREAREVARIOUSFMSOFKITAHEREARESOMEOFTHEMNEGATIVEPHYSICALKITATHISISALITERALAPPLICATIONOFTHETERMWASFREQUENTLYUSEDINTHEPASTITHASHOWEVERTHREEMAJDRAWBACKS（1）ITISINELEGANT2ITCONTRADICTSTHEPRECIOUSIMAGEOFBENEVOLENCETHATMOSTGANIZATIONSHOLDUPADOGBISCUITWHENIWANTTHESCHNAUZERTOMOVEINTHISINSTANCEWHOISMOTIVATEDITHEDOGTHEDOGWANTSTHEBISCUITBUTITISIWHOWANTITTOMOVEAGAINIAMTHEONEWHOISMOTIVATEDTHEDOGISTHEONEWHOMOVESINTHISINSTANCEALLIDIDWASAPPLYKITAFRONTALLYIEXERTEDAPULLINSTEADOFAPUSHWHENINDUSTRYWISHESTOUSESUCHPOSITIVEKITASITHASAVAILABLEANINCREDIBLENUMBERVARIETYOFDOGBISCUITSJELLYBEANSFHUMANSTOWAVEINFRONTOFEMPLOYEETOGETTHEMTOJUMPWHYISITTHATMANAGERIALAUDIENCESAREQUICKTOSEETHATNEGATIVEKITAISNOTMOTIVATIONWHILETHEYAREALMOSTUNANIMOUSINTHEIRJUDGMENTTHATPOSITIVEKITAISMOTIVATIONITISBECAUSENEGATIVEKITAISRAPEPOSITIVEKITAISSEDUCTIONBUTITISINFINITELYWSETOBESEDUCEDTHANTOBERAPEDTHELATTERISANUNFTUNATEOCCURRENCEWHILETHEFMERSIGNIFIESTHATYOUWEREAPARTYTOYOUROWNDOWNFALLTHISISWHYPOSITIVEKITAISSOPOPULARITISATRADITIONITISTHEAMERICANWAYTHEGANIZATIONDOESNOTHAVETOKICKYOUYOUKICKYOURSELFWHYISKITANOTMOTIVATIONIFIKICKMYDOGFROMTHEFRONTTHEBACKHEWILLMOVEWHENIWANTHIMAGAINSIMILARLYICANGEAPERSON’SBATTERYTHENREGEITREGEITAGAINBUTITISONLYWHENONEHASAGENERATOFONE’SOWNTHATWECANTALKABOUTMOTIVATIONONETHENEEDSNOOUTSIDESTIMULATIONONEWANTSTODOITWITHTHISINMINDWECANREVIEWSOMEPOSITIVEKITAPERSONNELPRACTICESTHATWEREDEVELOPEDASATTEMPTSTOINSTILL“MOTIVATION”1、REDUCINGTIMESPENTATWKTHISREPRESENTSAMARVELOUSWAYOFMOTIVATINGPEOPLETOWKGETTINGTHEMOFFTHEJOBWEHAVEREDUCEDFMALLYINFMALLYTHETIMESPENTONTHEJOBOVERTHELAST5060YEARSUNTILWEAREFINALLYONTHEWAYTOTHE“61／2DAYWEEKEND”ANINTERESTINGOFOFFHOURRECREATIONPROGRAMSTHEPHILOSOPHYHERESEEMSTOBETHATTHOSEWHOPLAYTOGETHERWKTOGETHERTHEFACTISTHATMOTIVATEDPEOPLESEEKMEHOURSOFWKNOTFEWER2、SPIRALINGWAGESHAVETHESEMOTIVATEDPEOPLEYESTOSEEKTHENEXTWAGEINCREASESOMEMEDIEVALISTSSTILLCANBEHEARDTOSAYTHATAGOODDEPRESSIONWILLGETEMPLOYEESMOVINGTHEYFEELTHATIFRISINGWAGESDON’TWON’TDOTHEJOBREDUCINGTHEMWILL

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